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| 1 | Value of ecosystem services in China显示文摘The function and services are the important components of the life-support system in theplanet, as well as the basic elements for sustainable development of environment and society. It is a must to evaluate it for incorporating it with the social-economic system. It is also an important approach to draw the public attention on the environmental and ecosystem conservation. In this study, the ecosystem function and services in China were estimated by employing the classification and economic parameters from Costanza et al. The type and area of terrestrial ecosystems were extracted from Vegetation Map of China (1:4 000 000), and then the distribution map of ecosystem services of China was drawn. According to our calculation, the total value of ecosystem services in China is 77 834.48×108 RMB yuan per annum. The value for terrestrial ecosystem is 56 098.46×108 yuan per annum, and that for marine ecosystem is 21 736.02×108 yuan per annum. The value of ecosystem services in China is 1.73 times bigger | CHEN Zhongxin & ZHANG XinshiLaboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Current address: Institute of Natural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，10： | 128 |
| 2 | Fluxes of CO_2, N_2O and CH_4 from a typical temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia and its daily variation显示文摘Using a dark enclosed chamber technique, the fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 from nature and disturbed grassland were measured on the spot in Inner Mongolian Temperate Grassland along the annual rainfall gradient section ranging from 450 to 200 mm. The results showed that the measured mean fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4were (1 180.4 ±308.7), (0.010 ± 0.004) and (-0.039 ± 0.016) mg · m-2/h, respectively. The decrease of the fluxes of CO2, N2O and CH4 follows with that of annual rainfall gradient in the measurement area. Human activities, such as grazing and reclamation are also critical factors to affect the fluxes of these gases from grassland. Daily continuous measurement of CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes showed a strong diurnal variation with higher emission in the daytime. A good relationship between the fluxes of CO2, N2O, CH4 and temperature was exposed in this study. | DONG Yunshe, ZHANG Shen, Ql Yuchun, CHEN Zuozhong & GENG Yuanbo1. Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China:2, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Correspondence should be addressed to Dong Yunshe | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，17： | 66 |
| 3 | The characteristics of CO_2 assimilation of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in transgenic PEPC rice显示文摘With PEPC, PPDK, NADP-ME and PEPC+ PPDK transgenic and untransformed rice (Orysa sativa L.), the activities of related C4 photosynthesis enzymes, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, CO2 exchange and other physiological indexes were compared, in which the physiological characteristics of PEPC transgenic rice were mainly studied. The results were as follows: (i) The activities of PEPC in PEPC transgenic rice were 20-fold higher than those in untransformed rice; the light-saturation photosynthetic rates and the carboxylation efficiency of PEPC transgenic rice were increased by 55% and 50% more than those of untransformed rice, respectively, while the CO2 compensation point decreased by 27%. (ii) The PS II photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and photochemical quenching (qp) of transgenic PEPC rice decreased less in comparison with those of untransformed rice after the treatment with high light intensity (3 h) or methyl viologen (MV), a photooxidative reagent, which demonstrated that the tolerance of PEPC | JIAO Demao, LI Xia, HUANG Xueqing, CHI Wei, KUANG Tingyun & Ku SB Maurice1. Institute of Agrobiological Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nangjing 210014, China 2. Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 3. Botany Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，13： | 29 |
| 4 | Quantitative relationships between vegetation and several pollen taxa in surface soil from North China显示文摘According to the vegetation investigation and pollen analysis of surface samples sampled along a precipitation gradient of the Northeast China Transect (NECT), several pollen taxa, including Pinus, Betula, Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Ulmus, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae and Cyperaceae, were chosen to make the regression and correlation analyses. The results indicated that there exists a close relationship between vegetation and pollen taxa in surface samples. The regression parameters for ten taxa in the forests in the eastern part of NECT were different from those in the steppes in the western part. Pinus, Betula, Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae, which have large slope and y-intercept terms, were over-representative taxa. Acer, Gramineae and Cyperaceae, which have small slope and y-intercept terms, were under-representative taxa. Quercus, Tilia and Ulmus whose slope terms have negative correlation with y-intercept terms were equi-representative taxa. The pollen taxa with large slope or large y-intercept | LI Yiyin, ZHANG Xinshi & ZHOU Guangsheng1. Department of Urbon and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2. Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 3. School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China Correspondence should be addressed to Li Yiyin | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，16： | 24 |
| 5 | DNA barcoding:species delimitation in tree peonies显示文摘Delimitations of species are crucial for correct and precise identification of taxa.Unfortunately 'spe-cies' is more a subjective than an objective concept in taxonomic practice due to difficulties in revealing patterns of infra-or inter-specific variations.Molecular phylogenetic studies at the population level solve this problem and lay a sound foundation for DNA barcoding.In this paper we exemplify the necessity of adopting a phylogenetic concept of species in DNA barcoding for tree peonies(Paeonia sect.Moutan).We used 40 samples representing all known populations of rare and endangered species and several populations of widely distributed tree peonies.All currently recognized species and major variants have been included in this study.Four chloroplast gene fragments,i.e.ndhF,rps16-trnQ,trnL-F and trnS-G(a total of 5040 characters,96 variable and 69 parsimony-informative characters) and one variable and single-copy nuclear GPAT gene fragment(2093?2197 bp,279 variable and 148 parsi-mony-informative characters) were used to construct phylogenetic relationships among the taxa.The evolutionary lineages revealed by the nuclear gene and the chloroplast genes are inconsistent with the current circumscriptions of P.decomposita,P.jishanensis,P.qiui,and P.rockii based on morphology.The inconsistencies come from(1) significant chloroplast gene divergence but little nuclear GPAT gene divergence among population systems of P.decomposita + P.rockii,and(2) well-diverged nuclear GPAT gene but little chloroplast gene divergence between P.jishanensis and P.qiui.The incongruence of the phylogenies based on the chloroplast genes and the nuclear GPAT gene is probably due to the chloro-plast capture event in evolutionary history,as no reproductive barriers exist to prevent inter-specific hybridization.We also evaluated the suitability of these genes for use as DNA barcodes for tree peonies.The variability of chloroplast genes among well-defined species or population systems of a species complex is 4.82 times the figure within the groups,and the GPAT gene is twice as variable between the groups as within the groups.The number of completely divergent sites is sufficient to mark the two subsections,the two species in subsection Delavayanae,and the well-divergent species in subsection Vaginatae.But the genes currently used either from the chloroplast genome or from the nuclear genome alone cannot correctly assign samples of P.decomposita,P.jishanensis,P.qiui,or P.rockii to the spe-cies as currently defined.We conclude that(1) DNA barcoding should be based on prior phylogenetic studies to understand the evolutionary lineages and how well the taxonomic species correspond to the lineages;(2) it is unlikely to find a single short fragment as a barcode for every plant and such a frag-ment could result in misidentification when a chloroplast capture event happened in the evolutionary history of plants like tree peonies;and(3) we suggest striving for a universal marker at the familial level and locally universal barcodes within a family instead of looking for a universal barcode for all plants. | ZHANG JinMei1,2,WANG JianXiu1,2,XIA Tao1,2 & ZHOU ShiLiang1 1State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China 2Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，6： | 22 |
| 6 | Distribution of C_4 plants along the Northeast China transect and its correlation to the environmental factors显示文摘The distribution of C4 plants and the C4/C3 ratio along Northeast China transect (NECT) have been studied. A model to quantify their relation with environmental factors has been set up. The ratio of the number of C4 plants to that of C3 plants along NECT shows two low and two high trends from east to west, and their distribution is mainly decided by annual average temperature and precipitation. | TANG HaipingOpen Research Laboratory of Environmental Changes and Natural Disaster of the Ministry of National Education, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology , Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，14： | 16 |
| 7 | Carbon isotope ratios of C_(4) plants in loess areas of North China显示文摘Carbon isotope ratios (δ 13C) of 89 C4 plant samples were determined from the loess area in North China. δ 13C values vary between –10.5‰ and –14.6‰ with a mean of –12.6‰. Along a pre-cipitation gradient from the semi-moist area to the semiarid area, then to the arid area, the δ 13C val-ues of C4 plants show a slight decreasing trend. The δ 13C values of C4 plants in the dry season are found lower than those in the wet season. These trends are opposite to those observed for C3 spe-cies. | WANG Guoan1,2,3, HAN Jiamao 2, ZHOU Liping3, XIONG Xiaogang4, TAN Ming2, WU Zhenhai5 & PENG Jun6 1. Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China 2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 3. College of Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 4. Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 5. Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling 712100, China 6. Network Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，1： | 16 |
| 8 | Polyphenol Oxidase, Peroxidase and PhenylalanineAmmonium Lyase Induced in Postharvest Peach Fruitsby Inoculation with Pichia membranefaciensor Rhizopus stolonifer显示文摘Rhizopus rot of peach fruits could be significantly suppressed by Pichia membranefaciens.Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonium-lyase (PAL) activities inducedby inoculation with P. membranefaciens or R. stolonifer were studied in postharvest peach fruits. The activ-ities of PPO and PAL in peaches increased significantly after being inoculated with P. membranefaciens + R.stolonifer by 24 h, the activities maintained at a high level throughout the experiment. Under the condition ofinfected with R. stolonifer alone, activity of PPO and PAL could also increased, but the levels were lowerthan those treated with P. membranefaciens+ R. stolonifer. However, fruits inoculaed with P. membrane-faciens+ R. stolonifer or R. stolonifer alone did not stimulated POD activity. The results suggest that theactivation of these defense enzymes is involved in the action of P. membranefaciens against R. stolonifer. | QIN Guo-zheng, TIAN Shi-ping, LIU Hai-bo and XU Yong(Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , P. R. China) | 2002 | Agricultural Sciences in China2002，1，12： | 13 |
| 9 | Toward a general evaluation model for soil respiration (GEMSR)显示文摘Soil respiration is an important component of terrestrial carbon budget. Its accurate evaluation is es- sential to the study of terrestrial carbon source/sink. Studies on soil respiration at present mostly focus on the temporal variations and the controlling factors of soil respiration, but its spatial variations and controlling factors draw less attention. Moreover, the evaluation models for soil respiration at present include only the effects of water and heat factors, while the biological and soil factors controlling soil respiration and their interactions with water and heat factors have not been considered yet. These models are not able to accurately evaluate soil respiration in different vegetation/terrestrial ecosystems at different temporal and spatial scales. Thus, a general evaluation model for soil respiration (GEMSR) including the interacting meteorological (water and heat factors), soil nutrient and biological factors is suggested in this paper, and the basic procedure developing GEMSR and the research tasks of soil respiration in the future are also discussed. | ZHOU GuangSheng, JIA BingRui, HAN GuangXuan & ZHOU Li Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，3： | 12 |
| 10 | Production of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase of two biocon-trol agents and their possible modes of action显示文摘Pichia membranefaciens Hansen and Candida guilliermondii (Cast) Langeronet Guerra are two antagonists of R. stolonifer on harvested nectarine and peach fruits. In this study, β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities of the antagonists were induced in vitro and in vivo. The highest β-1, 3-glucanase activity was detected in Lilly-Barnett minimal salt medium supplemented with glucose in combination with CWP of R. stolonifer as a carbon source. The β-1,3-glucanase activity of P. membranefaciens reached the maximum level, being 114.0 SU (specific activity unit), and that of C. guilliermondii reached 103.2 SU. The lowest β-1,3-glucanase activity was observed in the medium containing glucose as sole car-bon source. P. membranefaciens was able to produce signifi-cantly higher levels of chitinase (exochitinase and endochiti-nase) in vitro than C. guilliermondii grown in Czapeck mini-mal medium. An increase in β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activity was also triggered by wounding, adding of carbon sources | FAN Qing, TIAN Shiping, LIU Haibo & XU YongInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，4： | 11 |
| 11 | Identification of seed-specific promoter nap300 and its comparison with 7S promoter显示文摘By fusing seed-specific promoter nap300 with β-glucuronidase gene, it was found that this about 300bp DNA fragment was sufficient to direct seed-specific gene expression. The substitution mutation in both distB and proxB elements had a little effect on the expression efficiency and almost no effect on the organ-specific expression pattern. In the experiment designed to compare nap300 with 7S promoter, the result showed that tissue specificity for nap300 was higher than that for 7S, and its expression level was lower than 7S's. There was no big difference in their expression pattern, and the maximal activity stage for the two promoters was identical, which indicated they could be used simultaneously for expressing different foreign genes in seeds. | ZHANG Jingyu, LI Li and SONG Yanru(Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Enviromental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China) | 2002 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2002，12，10： | 9 |
| 12 | Influences of double aerial CO_2 concentration on plant root surface area and viability and infection intensity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi显示文摘Using recently developed methods for root research, an investigation initiated concerning effects of doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration on root surface area and infection of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi in seedlings of maize, wheat and soybean. Results showed that doubled CO2 concentration significantly extended root system surface area and promoted VAM fungal infection intensity and viability. However, interspecific variation existed in these responses. It is suggested that plant community succession would be changed due to altered characteristics of roots among species in the future climate. | WANG Xingfen, LI Shiyi, BAI Kezhi KUANG TingyunInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Corresponding author | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，1： | 8 |
| 13 | Eddy flux corrections for CO_2 exchange in broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest of Changbai Mountains显示文摘Based on analysis of mechanisms causing energy no-closure and nocturnal low fluxes issues for CO2 exchange studies by eddy covariance method, corrections were done with the raw data sets obtained from Changbai Mountains forest flux site, to evaluate the impacts of sonic anemometer tilt, frequency response limitations and advection on estimation of CO2 exchange, respectively. The results show that the planar fit coordinate transforming method is superior to the streamline coordinate transforming method in tilt correction. The latter could cause a systematical underestimation of eddy fluxes relating with the angle of sensor and terrain tilt. The underestimation of CO2 and energy fluxes for frequency response limitations average 3.0% and 2.0% during daytime, respectively, which increase by 9.0% and 5.5% during nighttime, respectively. The corrections of frequency response limitations are closely related to atmospheric stability. The advection loss of CO2 fluxes is dominated by nocturnal vertical advection, which is at least 18% when the horizontal advection is neglected. It is suggested that more work be done to understand the characteristics of horizontal advection and turbulent eddies under a complexcircumstance. | WU Jiabing, GUAN Dexin, SUN Xiaomin, YU Guirui, ZHAO Xiaosong, HAN Shijie & JIN Changjie Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China Graduate school of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 8 |
| 14 | Responses of soil respiration in non-growing seasons to environmental factors in a maize agroecosystem,Northeast China显示文摘Based on continuous three-year measurements (from 2004 to 2007) of eddy covariance and related environmental factors, environmental controls on variation in soil respiration (Rs) during non-growing season were explored in a maize agroecosystem in Northeast China. Our results indicated that during non-growing seasons, daily Rs was 1.08-4.08 g CO2 m-2 d-1, and the lowest occurred in late November. The average Rs of non-growing season was 456.06 ± 20.01 g CO2 m-2, accounting for 11% of the gross primary production (GPP) of the growing season. Additionally, at monthly scale, the lowest value of Rs appeared in January or February. From the beginning to the end of non-growing season, daily Rs tended to decrease first, and then increase to the highest. There was a significant quadratic curve relationship between Rs and soil temperature at 10 cm depth when soil temperature was more than 0°C (P<0.001), with the explaining ratio of 38%-70%. When soil water content was more than 0.1 m3 m-3, soil moisture at 10 cm depth was significantly parabolically correlated with Rs (P<0.001), explaining the rate of 18%-60%. Based on all the data of soil temperature of more than 0°C, a better model for Rs was established by coupling soil temperature and moisture, which could explain the rate of up to 53%-79%. Meanwhile, the standard error of regression estimation between the values of prediction and observation for Rs could reach 2.7%-11.8%. Rs in non-growing season can account for 22.4% of Rs in growing season, indicating that it plays a critical role in assessing the carbon budget in maize agroecosystem, Northeast China. | LI RongPing1,2,3, ZHOU GuangSheng1,4 & WANG Yu1,3 1 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 2 Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110016, China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，24： | 7 |
| 15 | Relationship between stomatal density and the changes of atmospheric CO_2 concentrations显示文摘The relationship between the stomatal density of five woody plants endemic to China, i.e. Eucommia ulmoides, Quercus liaotungensis, Q. glandulifera var. brevipetiolata, Cyclocarya paliurus and Ficus heteromorpha, and the atmospheric CO-2 concentrations was studied by observations on leaves of the herbarium-stored specimens(1920s-1990s). The results showed that the stomatal density in Eucommia ulmoides, Quercus liaotungensis and Q. glandulifera% var. brevipetiolata decreased significantly in response to the elevated atmospheric CO-2 concentrations, while in Cyclocarya paliurus it decreased slightly and in Ficus heteromorpha there were no responses. | HE Xinqiang, LIN Yuehui, LIN Jinxing and HU YuxiInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China | 1998 | Chinese Science Bulletin1998，43，11： | 7 |
| 16 | Climate controls on dust storm occurrence in Maowusu Desert, Inner Mongolia, North China显示文摘Dust storms occurring in arid and semi arid regions play a main role in the evolution of landscapes. Climate is generally regarded to be important factors influencing the occurrence of dust storm, however, the way of climate controlling dust storms had been poorly understood. In this paper, we present the Ew Index model to describe the relationship between climate variables and dust storm frequency using the available meteorological data from three meteorological stations in Maowusu Desert. This index model explains 83.6%, 69.5% and 65.09% of the variance of dust storm frequency in three regions from the north to the south, respectively and this difference is probably caused by the difference of the human disturbance. The Ew Index model is an effective predictor of dust storm frequency and provides us a quite good understanding on the occurrence of dust storms in Maowusu Desert. | HUANG Fu xiang, GAO Qiong (Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China. E mail: hfx1121@sina.com) | 2001 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2001，13，1： | 7 |
| 17 | Paleoenvironmental information recorded by pollen in B-3GC gravity core in Okinawa Trough显示文摘Based on pollen records in B-3GC gravity core, environmental change since 9500 aBP of Okinawa Trough and its adjacent islands was derived. The result showed that the most time during this period was in a warm temperate climate except in middle Holocene (6800-4400 aBP) that was under subtropical climate control. During 9500-8300 aBP and 3100-2000 aBP periods, it appeared colder and drier than the rest time. The original area of pollen sources surrounding Okinawa Trough was covered by evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forest alternatively with mixed broad-leaf-conifer forest distributed in high mountainous areas. Usually, these three kinds of forests existed at the same time with difference in altitude. Pollen from subtropical and tropical plants increased obviously in about 5000-6000 aBP, reflecting a great lifting of vegetation zone and expansion of evergreen broad-leaf forest in the study area. However, there was a slight descending of plant zone and shrinking of evergreen broadleaf forest during | SONG Changqing, SUN Xiangjun & Yoshiki SaitoNational Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100085, China Open Lab of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200039, China Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Geological Survey of Japan, Higashi 1-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567,Japan | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，11： | 7 |
| 18 | Changes in Enzymatic Activity and Quality Attributes of Late-mature Peaches in Response to Controlled Atmosphere Conditions显示文摘Late-mature peaches (Prunus persica L. Batsch, cv. Dongxuemi ) were stored in air,modification atmosphere (MA) and controlled atmospheres (CA) at 1℃ to investigate enzymatic activities,flesh browning, quality attributes and fruit storability during storage periods. Peaches stored in CA conditions showed significant lower activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) compared to that kept in MA and in air during the early period of storage. CA treatments indicated a better result in maintaining fruit firmness, color and titratable acidity than MA and control treatments. But there was no significant difference in vitamin C and total soluble solids of peaches stored in CA, MA and air. Increasing PPO activity obviously stimulated flesh browning. Peach fruits stored in CA conditions showed a lower activity of POD and higher firmness in the early period of storage. The peaches stored in 5%CO2 + 5%O2 and 10%CO2 + 5%O2 for 92 days had a good quality without any off-flavor. The results indicated CA conditions obviously inhibited the enzymatic browning, delayed senescence and maintained quality of late-mature peaches. | TIAN Shi-ping, XU Yong, JIANG Ai-li and WANG Yi( Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 ) | 2002 | Agricultural Sciences in China2002，1，2： | 7 |
| 19 | Cloning and expression analysis of a dirigent protein gene from the resurrection plant Boea hygrometrica显示文摘Resurrection plants are tolerant to extreme dehydration and are useful model systems to study genes that play a role in drought tolerance. A gene fragment encoding a dirigent protein that is predicted to function in lignin biosynthesis was identified from leaves of the resurrection plant Boea hygrometrica via cDNA microarray screening. A cDNA, designated BhDIR1, containing the complete predicted open reading frame, was obtained by 50-RACE. BhDIR1 transcripts were found to be accumulated in response to changes in plant dehydration status, exogenously applied phytohormones and signaling molecules, and temperature stresses. BhDIR1 encodes a protein of 199 amino acids, which shows 20-40% similarity to dirigent proteins reported from other plants. BhDIR1 is predicted to contain a cleavable signal peptide at the N-terminal, and its plasma membrane/cell wall localization was confirmed using a GFP fusion protein assay. Consistent with this discovery, the acid-soluble lignin content decreased in dehydrated B. hygrometrica leaves. Taken together, our results indicate a protective role for a dirigent protein in response to drought stress by changing the physical characters of lignin which in turn is predicted to affect the mechanical strength and flexibility of the plant cell wall. | Renhua Wu, Lili Wang, Zhi Wang, Haihong Shang, Xia Liu, Yan Zhu, Dongdong Qi, Xin Deng * Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China | 2009 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2009，19，3： | 6 |
| 20 | Applications of stable isotopes to study plant-animal relationships in terrestrial ecosystems显示文摘As natural tracers, stable isotopes have been extensively used in plant physiological, ecological and envi- ronmental research. Recently, animal physiological ecologists have also applied stable isotope techniques to study plant- animal relationships. The isotopic compositions of animal body generally reflect and integrate their diets over a time period ranging from hours to years to the lifetime of an indi- vidual. When animal living habitat changes or animals move to a new environment, the animal isotopic compositions will shift accordingly. Thus, stable isotope signatures of an ani- mal can truly reflect its food sources, habitat, distribution and movement patterns during a given time period. More- over, by analyzing animal-tissue isotopic compositions at different temporal scales, we can improve our understanding of animal adaptation to environmental changes. Stable iso- tope technique also provides an ideal tool to study animal foodweb relationship and community structure because of isotopic fractionation during the processes of nutrient as- similation by animals. Stable isotope technique can continu- ously measure animal trophic position in a foodweb, which can eventually reveal the predator-prey relationship and its role in determining matter balance and energy flow in the entire ecosystem. Stable isotope technique has been one of the most important and efficient tools in studying plant-animal relationship. In this paper, we first review recent advances in the application of stable isotope techniques to plant-animal relationship research then evaluate their advantages and disadvantages, and finally discuss some future directions associated with stable isotope applications to plant-animal relationship research. | WANG Jianzhu1,LIN Guanghui1,2,HUANG Jianhui1 & HAN Xingguo1 1.Key Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Sciences and Research Center for Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China 2.Department of Global Ecology,Carnegie Institution of Washington,Stanford,CA 94305,USA | 2004 | Chinese Science Bulletin2004，49，22： | 6 |
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