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| 1 | Role of observation of live cases done by Japanese experts in the acquisition of ESD skills by a western endoscopist显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the role of observation of experts performing endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)in the acquisition of ESD skills.METHODS:This prospective study is documenting the learning curve of one Western endoscopist.The study consisted of three periods.In the first period(preobservation),the trainee performed ESDs in animal models in his home institution in the United States.The second period(observation)consisted of visit to Japan and observation of live ESD cases done by experts.The observation of cases occurred over a 5-wk period.During the third period(post-observation),the trainee performed ESD in animal models in a similar fashion as in the first period.Three animal models were used:live40-50 kg Yorkshire pig,explanted pig stomach model,and explanted pig rectum model.The outcomes from the ESDs done in the animal models before and after observation of live human cases(main study intervention)were compared.Statistical analysis of the data included:Fisher’s exact test to compare distributions of a categorical variable,Wilcoxon rank sum test to compare distributions of a continuous variable between the two groups(pre-observation and post-observation),and Kruskal-Wallis test to evaluate the impact of lesion location and type of model(ex-vivo vs live pig)on lesion removal time.RESULTS:The trainee performed 38 ESDs in animal model(29 pre-observation/9 post-observation).The removal times post-observation were significantly shorter than those pre-observation(32.7±15.0 min vs 63.5±9.8 min,P<0.001).To minimize the impact of improving physician skill,the 9 lesions post-observation were compared to the last 9 lesions pre-observation and the removal times remained significantly shorter(32.7±15.0 min vs 61.0±7.4 min,P=0.0011).Regression analysis showed that ESD observation significantly reduced removal time when controlling for the sequence of lesion removal(P=0.025).Furthermore,it was also noted a trend towards decrease in failure to remove lesions and decrease in complications after the period of observation.This study did not find a significant difference in the time needed to remove lesions in different animal models.This finding could have important implications in designing training programs due to the substantial difference in cost between live animal and explanted organ models.The main limitation of this study is that it reflects the experience of a single endoscopist.CONCLUSION:Observation of experts performing ESD over short period of time can significantly contribute to the acquisition of ESD skills. | Peter V Draganov Myron Chang Roxana M Coman Mihir S Wagh Qi An Takuji Gotoda | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，16： | 3 |
| 2 | Sofosbuvir with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for treatment-naive patients with hepatitis C genotype-1 infection (ATOMIC): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial显示文摘 | Kris V Kowdley Eric Lawitz Israel Crespo Tarek Hassanein Mitchell N Davis Michael DeMicco David E Bernstein Nezam Afdhal John M Vierling Stuart C Gordon Jane K Anderson Robert H Hyland Hadas Dvory-Sobol Di An Robert G Hindes Efsevia Albanis William T Symo | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，9883： | 3 |
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| 5 | Hierarchi-cal radio resource optimization for heterogeneous networkswith enhanced inter-cell interference coordination(eICIC) 显示文摘 | Liu An Lau V K N Ruan Liangzhong | 2014 | IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing2014，62，： | 1 |
| 6 | Genetic and genomie analysis in model legumes bring Nodfactor signaling to center stage显示文摘 | Riely B K Ané J M Penmetsa R V | 2004 | Current Opinion in Plant Biology2004，，7： | 1 |
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| 9 | Treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis:update显示文摘 | Santana AN Woronik V Halpern AS | 2011 | J Bras Pneumol2011，37，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Tile SlWClrum of antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocin subtilosin A显示文摘 | Shelburne CE An FY Dholpe V | 2007 | The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy2007，59，2： | 1 |
| 11 | EORTC Early Clinical Trials Group显示文摘 | Catimel G Verweij J Mattijssen V Docetaxel (Taxotere):an active drug for the treatment of patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck | 1994 | Ann Oncol1994，5，： | 1 |
| 12 | Mathematical modelling of residue allelopathy:the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors显示文摘 | M An I R Johnson J V Lovett | 2002 | Plant and Soil2002，，246： | 1 |
| 13 | A fuzzy extension of Saaty's priority theory显示文摘 | V an L aarhoven P J M PedryczW | 1983 | Fuzzy Sets and Systems1983，11，： | 1 |
| 14 | Ceria incorporation into YSZ columnar nanostruc- lures 显示文摘 | SARAF L MATSON D W SHUTFHANANI)AN V | 2005 | Electrochemical and Solid-Stale Letters2005，8，10： | 1 |
| 15 | Study on the increase of inactive germanium layer in high-purity germanium detector after a longtime operation applying MCNP code显示文摘 | Huy N Q Binh D Q An V X | 2007 | Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A2007，573，： | 1 |
| 16 | The geopolymerizat ion of alur mino silicate minerals 显示文摘 | Xu H V an Deventer J S J | 2000 | Int J Miner Process2000，59，： | 1 |
| 17 | Chameleon:hierarchical clustering using dynamic modeling显示文摘 | KARYPIS G H AN E KUMAR V | 1999 | IEEE Computer1999，32，8： | 1 |
| 18 | Financial Time Series Prediction Using Least Squares Support Vector Machines with in the Evidence Framework显示文摘 | V an Gestel T Suykens J A K | 2001 | IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks2001，12，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Gut microbio?ta composition and development of atopic manifestations in infancy: the KOALA Birth Cohort Study显示文摘 | PENDERS J THUS C V AN DEN BRANDT P A | 2007 | Gut2007，56，5： | 1 |
| 20 | MicroRNA-21 inhibits Serpinil, a gene with novel tumour suppressive effects in gastric cancer 显示文摘 | Yamanaka S Olaru A V An F | 2012 | Dig Liver Dis2012，44，7： | 1 |
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