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| 1 | Risk stratification for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention显示文摘Acute coronary syndromes presenting with ST elevation are usually treated with emergency reperfusion/revascularisation therapy. In contrast current evidence and national guidelines recommend risk stratification for non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI) with the decision on revascularisation dependent on perceived clinical risk. Risk stratification for STEMI has no recommendation. Statistical risk scoring techniques in NSTEMI have been demonstrated to improve outcomes however their uptake has been poor perhaps due to questions over their discrimination and concern for application to individuals who may not have been adequately represented in clinical trials. STEMI is perceived to carry sufficient risk to warrant emergency coronary intervention [by primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI)] even if this results in a delay to reperfusion with immediate thrombolysis. Immediate thrombolysis may be as effective in patients presenting early, or at low risk, but physicians are poor at assessing clinical and procedural risks and currently are not required to consider this. Inadequate data on risk stratification in STEMI inhibits the option of immediate fibrinolysis, which may be cost-effective. Currently the mode of reperfusion for STEMI defaults to emergency angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention ignoring alternative strategies. This review article examines the current risk scores and evidence base for risk stratification for STEMI patients. The requirements for an ideal STEMI risk score are discussed. | Richard A Brogan Christopher J Malkin Philip D Batin Alexander D Simms James M McLenachan Christopher P Gale | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，8： | 6 |
| 2 | Molecular markers(PECAM-1,ICAM-3,HLA-DR)determine prognosis in primary non-Hodgkin's gastric lymphoma patients显示文摘瞄准:与主要 non-Hodgkin 的胃的淋巴瘤在病人调查 PECAM-1, ICAM-3 和 HLA 医生抗原的预示的意义。方法:我们免疫组织化学地在 36 个 B 房间麦芽类型主要胃的淋巴瘤病人学习了 PECAM-1, ICAM-3 和 HLA 医生抗原表示。十非恶意并且十个健康胃的织物标本被用作控制。Clinicopathological 和幸存数据与染色的结果被相关。结果:HLA 医生抗原表示在 33 个胃的淋巴瘤病人(91.7%) 和 6 个非恶意的病人(54.5%) 被检测。PECAM-1 染色了 10 个病人(27.8%) 的肿瘤房间, 9 个病人(25%) 的 endothelial 并且煽动性有良性的胃的疾病的 4 个病人(40%) 渗入。ICAM-3 表示在 17 个病人(47.2%) 的肿瘤房间上被观察,当 5 个非恶意的病人(50%) 被染色时积极也。任何一个都没为任何学习的基因健康控制被染色。在里面多,变量分析, HLA 医生抗原和 PECAM-1 被证明是与联系的统计上重要的独立预示的因素一赞成并且不利预后分别地(P=0.009 和 P=0.003 ) 。在 univariate 分析, PECAM-1 (+)/ICAM-3 (-) 和 HLA 医生(-)/ICAM-3 (-) 病人与确切相反的基因表示模式与那些相比展出了显著地减少的全面幸存(P=0.0041 和 P=0.0091,分别地) 。是 HLA 医生(+)/ICAM-3 (+)/PECAM-1 (-)(n=8 ) 的那些病人让显著地更高的幸存与这个组(n=24 )(P=0.0289 ) 的其余部分相比评价。结论:PECAM-1, ICAM-3 和 HLA 医生分别地是肿瘤扩大潜力和主人免疫者监视的代表性的标记。他们的联合使用可以帮助我们识别能得益于更好攻击的治疗学的协议的高风险的病人。 | Alexander Darom Ilias P Gomatos Emmanuel Leandros Emmu Chatzigianni Dimitris Panousopoulos Manousos M Konstadoulakis George Androulakis | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，12： | 4 |
| 3 | Role of interleukin-1 and its antagonism of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and liver fibrosis in the Abcb4^(-/-) mouse model显示文摘AIM: To study the interleukin-1(IL-1) pathway as a therapeutic target for liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo using the ATP-binding cassette transporter b4^(-/-)(Abcb4^(-/-)) mouse model.METHODS: Female and male Abcb4^(-/-) mice from 6 to 13 mo of age were analysed for the degree of cholestasis(liver serum tests), extent of liver fibrosis(hydroxyproline content and Sirius red staining) and tissue-specific activation of signalling pathways such as the IL-1 pathway [quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)]. For in vivo experiments, murine hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) were isolated via pronasecollagenase perfusion followed by density gradient centrifugation using female mice. Murine HSCs were stimulated with up to 1 ng/m L IL-1β with or without 2.5 μg/m L Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, respectively. The proliferation of murine HSCs was assessed via the Brd U assay. The toxicity of Anakinra was evaluated via the fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis(FDH) assay. In vivo 8-wk-old Abcb4^(-/-) mice with an already fully established hepatic phenotype were treated with Anakinra(1 mg/kg body-weight daily intraperitoneally) or vehicle and liver injury and liver fibrosis were evaluated via serum tests, q PCR, hydroxyproline content and Sirius red staining. RESULTS: Liver fibrosis was less pronounced in males than in female Abcb4^(-/-) animals as defined by a lower hydroxyproline content(274 ± 64 μg/g vs 436 ± 80 μg/g liver, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.001; MannWhitney U-test) and lower m RNA expression of the profibrogenic tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP)(1 ± 0.41 vs 0.66 ± 0.33 fold, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test). Reduced liver fibrosis was associated with significantly lower levels of F4/80 m RNA expression(1 ± 0.28 vs 0.71 ± 0.41 fold, respectively; n = 12-15; P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test) and significantly lower IL-1β m RNA expression levels(1 ± 0.38 vs 0.44 ± 0.26 fold, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney U-test). No gender differences in the serum liver parameters [bilirubin; alanine aminotransferase(ALT); aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase(AP)] were found. In vitro, the administration of IL-1β resulted in a significant increase in HSC proliferation [0.94 ± 0.72 arbitrary units(A.U.) in untreated controls, 1.12 ± 0.80 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 0.1 ng/m L and 1.18 ± 0.73 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 1 ng/m L in samples from n = 6 donor animals; P < 0.001; analyses of variance(ANOVA)]. Proliferation was reduced significantly by the addition of 2.5 μg/m L Anakinra(0.81 ± 0.60 A.U. in untreated controls, 0.92 ± 0.68 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 0.1 ng/m L, and 0.91 ± 0.69 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 1 ng/m L; in samples from n = 6 donor animals; P < 0.001; ANOVA) suggesting an anti-proliferative effect of this clinically approved IL-1 receptor antagonist. The FDH assay showed this dose to be non-toxic in HSCs. In vivo, Anakinra had no effect on the hepatic hydroxyprolinecontent, liver serum tests(ALT and AP) and profibrotic(collagen 1α1, collagen 1α2, transforming growth factor-β, and TIMP-1) and anti-fibrotic [matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2), MMP9 and MMP13 ] gene expression after 4 wk of treatment. Furthermore, the hepatic IL-1β and F4/80 m RNA expression levels were unaffected by Anakinra treatment.CONCLUSION: IL-1β expression is associated with the degree of liver fibrosis in Abcb4^(-/-) mice and promotes HSC proliferation. IL-1 antagonism shows antifibrotic effects in vitro but not in Abcb4^(-/-) mice. | Florian P Reiter Ralf Wimmer Lena Wottke Renate Artmann Jutta M Nagel Manuel O Carranza Doris Mayr Christian Rust Peter Fickert Michael Trauner Alexander L Gerbes Simon Hohenester Gerald U Denk | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，8： | 3 |
| 4 | Procedural complexity independent of P2Y12 reaction unit(PRU)values is associated with acute in situ thrombosis in Pipeline flow diversion of cerebral aneurysms显示文摘background Acute in situ thrombosis is an ischaemic phenomenon during Pipeline embolisation device(PED)procedures with potentially high morbidity and mortality.There is controversy regarding the role of platelet function testing with P2Y12 assay as a predictor of intraprocedural thromboembolic events.There is limited knowledge on whether procedural complexity influences these events.Methods Data were collected retrospectively on 742 consecutive PED cases at a single institution.Patients with intraprocedural acute thrombosis were compared with patients without these events.results A cohort of 37 PED cases with acute in situ thrombosis(mean age 53.8 years,mean aneurysm size 8.4 mm)was matched with a cohort of 705 PED cases without intraprocedural thromboembolic events(mean age 56.4 years,mean aneurysm size 6.9 mm).All patients with in situ thrombosis received intra-arterial and/or intravenous abciximab.The two groups were evenly matched in patient demographics,previous treatment/subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)and aneurysm location.There was no statistical difference in postprocedural P2Y12 reaction unit(PRU)values between the two groups,with a mean of 156 in the in situ thrombosis group vs 148 in the control group(p=0.5894).Presence of cervical carotid tortuosity,high cavernous internal carotid artery grade,need for multiple PED and vasospasm were not significantly different between the two groups.The in situ thrombosis group had statistically significant longer fluoroscopy time(60.4 vs 38.4 min,p<0.0001),higher radiation exposure(3476 vs 2160 mGy,p<0.0001),higher rates of adjunctive coiling(24.3% vs 8.37%,p=0.0010)and higher utilisation of balloon angioplasty(37.8% vs 12.2%,p<0.0001).Clinically,the in situ thrombosis cohort had higher incidence of major and minor stroke,intracerebral haemorrhage and length of stay.Conclusions Predictors of procedural complexity(higher radiation exposure,longer fluoroscopy time,adjunctive coiling and need for balloon angioplasty)are associated with acute thrombotic events during PED placement,independent of PRU values. | Bowen Jiang Matthew T Bender Erick M Westbroek Jessica K Campos Li-Mei Lin Risheng Xu Rafael J Tamargo Judy Huang Geoffrey P Colby Alexander L Coon | 2018 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2018，3，3： | 2 |
| 5 | The effect of self-focusing on laser space-debris cleaning显示文摘A ground-based laser system for space-debris cleaning will use powerful laser pulses that can self-focus while propagating through the atmosphere.We demonstrate that for the relevant laser parameters,this self-focusing can noticeably decrease the laser intensity on the target.We show that the detrimental effect can be,to a great extent,compensated for by applying the optimal initial beam defocusing.The effect of laser elevation on the system performance is discussed. | Alexander M Rubenchik Michail P Fedoruk Sergei K Turitsyn | 2014 | Light(Science & Applications)2014，3，1： | 2 |
| 6 | Molecular epidemiology and evolution of enterovirus 71 strains isolated from 1970 to 1998显示文摘 | Brown B A Oberste M S Alexander J P | 1999 | J Virol1999，73，： | 1 |
| 7 | Effect of aging of chemicals in soil on their biodegradability and extractability 显示文摘 | Hatzinger P B Alexander M | 1995 | Environ Sci Techno11995，29，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Crystal growth of macromolecular crystals 显示文摘 | MARCO P ALEXANDER M ALEXANDER J M | 2002 | Journal of Crystal Growth2002，23，7239： | 1 |
| 9 | Genetically null mice reveal a central role for epidermal growth factor receptor in the differentiation of the hair follicle and normal hair development显示文摘 | Hansen L A Alexander N Hogan M E Sundberg J P Dlugosz A Threadgill D W Magnuson T Yuspa S H | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 10 | Molecular epi-demiology and evolution of enterovirus 71 strains isolated from 1970 to 1998显示文摘 | Brown B A Oberste M S Alexander J P Jr | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Biodegradation of organic compounds sequestered in organic solids or in nanopores within silica particles 显示文摘 | Hatzinger P B Alexander M A | 1997 | Environ Toxicol Chem1997，16，11： | 1 |
| 12 | Steel Corrosion on RC Structures under Sustained Service Loads A Critical Review显示文摘 | Malumbela G Alexander M Moyo P | 2009 | Engineering Structures2009，31，11： | 1 |
| 13 | Membranous glomerulonephritis is a manifestation of IgG4-related disease 显示文摘 | Alexander M P Larsen C P Gibson I W | 2013 | Kidney international2013，83，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Genotypic variations in the accumulation of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn exhibited by six commonly grown vegetable 显示文摘 | Alexander P D Alloway B J Dourado A M | 2006 | Environ Pollut2006，144，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Molecular epidemiology and evolution of enterovirus 71 strains isolated from 1970 to 1998 显示文摘 | Brown B A Oberste M S Alexander J P | 1999 | J Virol1999，73，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Characterization of ureaso activity in three marine phytoplankton species,Aureococcus anophagefferens,Prorocentrum minimum,and Thalassiosira weissflogii显示文摘 | FAN C GLIBERT P M ALEXANDER J | 2003 | Marine Biology2003，142，： | 1 |
| 17 | Lateral Deform- ation of RC Beams under Simultaneous Load and Steel Corrosion 显示文摘 | Malumbela G Alexander M Moyo P | 2010 | Construction and Building Materials2010，24，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Design and internal validation of an obstetric early warning score : secondary analysis of the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre Case Mix Programme database显示文摘 | Carle C Alexander P Columb M | 2013 | Anaesthesia2013，68，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Modelling the effect of a booster vaccination on disease epidemiology 显示文摘 | ALEXANDER M E MOGHADAS S M ROHANI P | 2006 | J Math Biol2006，，52： | 1 |
| 20 | Flow-injection potentiometric determination of free cadmium ions with a cadmium ion-selective electrode显示文摘 | TROJANOWICZ M ALEXANDER W P HIBBERT D B | 1998 | Analytica Chimica Acta1998，370，23： | 1 |
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