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| 1 | Prolonged high-fat-diet feeding promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alters gut microbiota in mice显示文摘BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an epidemic largely due to the worldwide increase in obesity. While lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapies have been used to alleviate NAFLD, successful treatment options are limited. One of the main barriers to finding safe and effective drugs for long-term use in NAFLD is the fast initiation and progression of disease in the available preclinical models. Therefore, we are in need of preclinical models that (1) mimic the human manifestation of NAFLD and (2) have a longer progression time to allow for the design of superior treatments. AIM To characterize a model of prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for investigation of the long-term progression of NAFLD. METHODS In this study, we utilized prolonged HFD feeding to examine NAFLD features in C57BL/6 male mice. We fed mice with a HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrate) for 80 wk to promote obesity (Old-HFD group, n = 18). A low-fat diet (LFD)(14% fat, 32% protein, and 54% carbohydrate) was administered for the same duration to age-matched mice (Old-LFD group, n = 15). An additional group of mice was maintained on the LFD (Young-LFD, n = 20) for a shorter duration (6 wk) to distinguish between age-dependent and age-independent effects. Liver, colon, adipose tissue, and feces were collected for histological and molecular assessments.RESULTS Prolonged HFD feeding led to obesity and insulin resistance. Histological analysis in the liver of HFD mice demonstrated steatosis, cell injury, portal and lobular inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, molecular analysis for markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress established that the liver tissue of HFD mice have increased phosphorylated Jnk and CHOP. Lastly, we evaluated the gut microbial composition of Old-LFD and Old-HFD. We observed that prolonged HFD feeding in mice increased the relative abundance of the Firmicutes phylum. At the genus level, we observed a significant increase in the abundance of Adercreutzia, Coprococcus, Dorea, and Ruminococcus and decreased relative abundance of Turicibacter and Anaeroplasma in HFD mice. CONCLUSION Overall, these data suggest that chronic HFD consumption in mice can mimic pathophysiological and some microbial events observed in NAFLD patients. | Kandy T Velázquez Reilly T Enos Jackie E Bader Alexander T Sougiannis Meredith S Carson Ioulia Chatzistamou James A Carson Prakash S Nagarkatti Mitzi Nagarkatti E Angela Murphy | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，8： | 6 |
| 2 | Clinical outcomes following salvage Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma显示文摘Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a survival prognosis of 14-16 mo for the highest functioning patients. Despite aggressive, multimodal upfront therapies, the majority of GBMs will recur in approximately six months. Salvage therapy options for recurrent GBM(r GBM) are an area of intense research. This study compares recent survival and quality of life outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery(GKRS) salvage therapy. Following a Pub Med search for studies usingGKRS as salvage therapy for malignant gliomas, nine articles from 2005 to July 2013 were identified which evaluated rG BM treatment. In this review, we compare overall survival following diagnosis, overall survival following salvage treatment, progression-free survival, time to recurrence, local tumor control, and adverse radiation effects. This report discusses results for rG BM patient populations alone, not for mixed populations with other tumor histology grades. All nine studies reported median overall survival rates(from diagnosis, range:16.7-33.2 mo; from salvage, range:9-17.9 mo). Three studies identified median progression-free survival(range:4.6-14.9 mo). Two showed median time to recurrence of GBM. Two discussed local tumor control. Six studies reported adverse radiation effects(range:0%-46% of patients). The greatest survival advantages were seen in patients who received GKRS salvage along with other treatments, like resection or bevacizumab, suggesting that appropriately tailored multimodal therapy should be considered with each rG BM patient. However, there needs to be a randomized clinical trial to test GKRS for rG BM before the possibility of selection bias can be dismissed. | Erik W Larson Halloran E Peterson Wayne T Lamoreaux Alexander R MacKay Robert K Fairbanks Jason A Call Jonathan D Carlson Benjamin C Ling John J Demakas Barton S Cooke Christopher M Lee | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，2： | 5 |
| 3 | Fondaparinux预防老年急性内科患者发生静脉血栓形成的效果与安全性:随机安慰剂对照研究显示文摘目的:观察 Fondaparinux 对具有中高度静脉血栓发生危险的老年急性内科住院患者的抗凝效果与安全性。设计:双盲随机安慰剂对照研究。背景:8个国家的35个中心。参与者:849例≥60岁内科患者,住院原因分别为充血性心力衰竭、慢性肺病合并急性呼吸系统疾患、急性炎症性或感染性疾病,预期至少住院4天以上。干预:2.5 mg Fondaparinux 或安慰剂,每天1次皮下注射,持续6~14天。观察指标:主要指标为静脉血栓形成(治疗后15天内采用双侧静脉造影检查)及有症状的静脉血栓;次要指标为死亡与出血。患者随访时间为1个月。结果:Fondaparinux 治疗组425例患者和安慰剂组414例患者接受了安全性分析(10例未治疗)。644例患者(75.9%)可接受主要指标分析。静脉血栓检出率在 Fondaparinux 治疗组为5.6%(18/321),安慰剂组为10.5%(34/323),相对危险减少46.7%(95% CI 7.7%~69.3%)。安慰剂组5例患者发生有症状的静脉血栓,Fondaparinux治疗组无患者发生有症状的静脉血栓(P=0.029)。两组均有1例(0.2%)患者发生严重出血。随访结束时,安慰剂组、Fondaparinux 治疗组分别死亡25(6.0%)、14(3.3%)例患者。结论:Fondaparinux 可有效预防急性内科老年患者无症状性及有症状的静脉血栓。严重出血几率两组相似。 | Alexander T Cohen Bruce L Davidson Alexander S Gallus Michael R Lassen Martin H Prins Witold Tomkowski Alexander G G Turpie Jan F M Egberts Anthonie W A Lensing 石汉平(译) 王深明(校) | 2006 | 英国医学杂志中文版2006，9，5： | 3 |
| 4 | 脊髓损伤后残存自主神经功能载录国际标准显示文摘近年来,脊髓损伤神经学分类园际标准(International Stand- ards for the Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury, ISNCSCI)被用来记载脊髓损伤后运动和感觉功能的损害,目前该标准已是第六版。1992年第一份国际认可的标准出版时,曾进行了较大的修订,修订内容包括完全性损伤与不完全性损伤的定义, | MS Alexander AB Jackson W Donovan DE Graves SL Elliott A Krassioukov AW Sheel I Estoresl B Green A Gousse NL Braekett D Cardenas M Kennelly A-K Karlason F Biering-Sorensen K Krogh T Linsenmeyer R Marino J Ditunno CJ Mathias I Perkash G Creasey G Schilero J Wecht B Schurch V Dietz J Sonksen S Stiens D Bodner LA Wuermser J-J Wyndaele 周谋望 刘楠 S Charlifue | 2010 | 中华物理医学与康复杂志2010，32，4： | 2 |
| 5 | Spectral reflectance response to nitrogen fertilization in field grown corn显示文摘This study was carried out to analyze the spectral reflectance response of different nitrogen levels for corn crops.Four different nitrogen treatments of 0%,80%,100%and 120%BMP(best management practice)were studied.Principal component analysis-loading(PCA-loading)was used to identify the effective wavelengths.Partial least squares(PLS)and multiple linear regression(MLR)models were built to predict different nitrogen values.Vegetation indices(VIs)were calculated and then used to build more prediction models.Both full and selected wavelengths-based models showed similar prediction trends.The overall PLS model obtained the coefficient of determination(R^(2))of 0.6535 with a root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.2681 in the prediction set.The selected wavelengths for overall MLR model obtained the R^(2) of 0.6735 and RMSE of 0.3457 in the prediction set.The results showed that the wavelengths in visible and near infrared region(350-1000 nm)performed better than the two either spectral regions(1001-1350/1425-1800 nm and 2000-2400 nm).For each data set,the wavelengths around 555 nm and 730 nm were identified to be the most important to predict nitrogen rates.The vogelmann red edge index 2(VOG 2)performed the best among all VIs.It demonstrated that spectral reflectance has the potential to be used for analyzing nitrogen response in corn. | Chuanqi Xie Ce Yang Alexander Hummel Jr Gregg A Johnson Forrest T Izuno | 2018 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2018，11，4： | 2 |
| 6 | Toward the Next Generation of Recommender Systems:A Survey of the State-of-the-Art and Possible Extensions显示文摘 | GEDIMINAS A ALEXANDER T | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 7 | Genetically null mice reveal a central role for epidermal growth factor receptor in the differentiation of the hair follicle and normal hair development显示文摘 | Hansen L A Alexander N Hogan M E Sundberg J P Dlugosz A Threadgill D W Magnuson T Yuspa S H | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 8 | Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association 显示文摘 | Pearson T A Mensah G A Alexander R W | 2003 | Circulation2003，107，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Formation of eutectic inter- metallic rosettes by entrapment of liquid droplets during cel- lular columnar growth显示文摘 | Alexander D T L Greer A L | 2004 | Acta Mater2004，52，： | 1 |
| 10 | Induction of synde-can -1 expression in stromal fibroblasts promotes proliferation of hu-man breast cancer cells显示文摘 | MAEDA T ALEXANDER C M FHIEDL A | 2004 | Cancer Res2004，64，2： | 1 |
| 11 | A comprehensive map of the porcine genome 显示文摘 | Rohrer G A Alexander L J Hu Z Smith T P L Keele JW Beattie C W | 1996 | Genome Res1996，6，： | 1 |
| 12 | Angiographic management of traumatic arteriovenous fistulas:clinical results显示文摘 | CLARK R A GALLANT T E ALEXANDER E S | 1983 | Radiology1983，147，1： | 1 |
| 13 | A Murine Model of Streptococuus Suis Type2 Meningitis in the Pigs显示文摘 | Williams A Black More W Alexander T | 1998 | Rev Vet Sci1998，45，： | 1 |
| 14 | Acute kidney injury post neo- natal asphyxia显示文摘 | DURKAN A M ALEXANDER R T | 2011 | J Pediatr2011，158，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Seeing I to I:A pathway to interpersonal connectedness显示文摘 | Pinel E Long A Landau M Alexander K Pyszczynski T | | 0，，90： | 1 |
| 16 | Hepatitis C virus treatment in the real world: optimising treatment and access to therapies显示文摘 | Zoulim Fabien Liang T Jake Gerbes Alexander L Aghemo Alessio Deuffic-Burban Sylvie Dusheiko Geoffrey Fried Michael W Pol Stanislas Rockstroh Ju?rgen Kurt Terrault Norah A Wiktor Stefan | 2015 | Gut2015，，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Enabling scalable spectral clustering for image segmentation显示文摘 | Frederick T Alexander W David A C | 2010 | Pattern Recognition2010，43，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Solid-state intermetalle phase transformation in 3XXX aluminium alloys显示文摘 | ALEXANDER D T L GREER A L | 2002 | Acta Mate- rialia2002，50，10： | 1 |
| 19 | The SOCS box: a tale of destruction and degradation显示文摘 | Kile B T Schulman B A Alexander W S etal | 2002 | Trends Biochem Sci2002，27，： | 1 |
| 20 | Testing web applications by modeling with FSMs显示文摘 | Anneliese A Andrews Jeff Offutt Roger T Alexander | 2005 | Software System Model2005，4，： | 1 |
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