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| 1 | Pancreatic cancer: A review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and outcomes显示文摘This review aims to outline the most up-to-date knowledge of pancreatic adenocarcinoma risk, diagnostics, treatment and outcomes, while identifying gaps that aim to stimulate further research in this understudied malignancy. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal condition with a rising incidence, predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer death in some regions. It often presents at an advanced stage, which contributes to poor five-year survival rates of 2%-9%, ranking firmly last amongst all cancer sites in terms of prognostic outcomes for patients. Better understanding of the risk factors and symptoms associated with this disease is essential to inform both health professionals and the general population of potential preventive and/or early detection measures. The identification of high-risk patients who could benefit from screening to detect pre-malignant conditions such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasms is urgently required, however an acceptable screening test has yet to be identified. The management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is evolving, with the introduction of new surgical techniques and medical therapies such as laparoscopic techniques and neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, however this has only led to modest improvements in outcomes. The identification of novel biomarkers is desirable to move towards a precision medicine era, where pancreatic cancer therapy can be tailored to the individual patient, while unnecessary treatments that have negative consequences on quality of life could be prevented for others. Research efforts must also focus on the development of new agents and delivery systems. Overall, considerable progress is required to reduce the burden associated with pancreatic cancer. Recent, renewed efforts to fund large consortia and research into pancreatic adenocarcinoma are welcomed, but further streams will be necessary to facilitate the momentum needed to bring breakthroughs seen for other cancer sites. | Andrew McGuigan Paul Kelly Richard C Turkington Claire Jones Helen G Coleman R Stephen McCain | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，43： | 140 |
| 2 | 在结肠和直肠的癌症的淋巴节点收获: 当前的考虑显示文摘 The prognostic significance of identifying lymph node(LN) metastases following surgical resection for colon and rectal cancer is well recognized and is reflected in accurate staging of the disease.An established body of evidence exists,demonstrating an association between a higher total LN count and improved survival,particularly for node negative colon cancer.In node positive disease,however,the lymph node ratios may represent a better prognostic indicator,although the impact of this on clinical treatment has yet to be universally established.By extension,strategies to increase surgical node harvest and/or laboratory methods to increase LN yield seem logical and might improve cancer staging.However,debate prevails as to whether or not these extrapolations are clinically relevant,particularly when very high LN counts are sought.Current guidelines recommend a minimum of 12 nodes harvested as the standard of care,yet the evidence for such is questionable as it is unclear whether an increasing the LN count results in improved survival.Findings from modern treatments,including down-staging in rectal cancer using pre-operative chemoradiotherapy,paradoxically suggest that lower LN count,or indeed complete absence of LNs,are associated with improved survival;implying that using a specific number of LNs harvested as a measure of surgical quality is not always appropriate.The pursuit of a sufficient LN harvest represents good clinical practice;however,recent evidence shows that the exhaustive searching for very high LN yields may be unnecessary and has little in? uence on modern approaches to treatment. | James R McDonald Andrew G Renehan Sarah T O’Dwyer Najib Y Haboubi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2012，4，1： | 8 |
| 3 | Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum: An update and implications for treatment显示文摘AIM: To provide an update on the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, staging and management of rectal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE was performed with the reference list of selected articles reviewed to ensure all relevant publications were captured. The search strategy was limited to the English language, spanning from 1946 to 2015. A qualitative analysis was undertaken examining patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment and outcome. The quantitaive analysis was limited to data extracted on treatment and outcomes including radiological, clinical and pathological complete response where available. The narrative and quantitative review were synthesised in concert.RESULTS: The search identified 487 articles in total with 79 included in the qualitative review. The quantitative analysis involved 63 articles, consisting of 43 case reports and 20 case series with a total of 142 individual cases. The underlying pathogenesis of rectal SCC while unclear, continues to be defined, with increasing evidence of a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence and a possible role for human papilloma virus in this progression. The presentation is similar to rectal adenocarcinoma, with a diagnosis confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. Many presumed rectal SCC's are in fact an extension of an anal SCC, and cytokeratin markers are a useful adjunct in this distinction. Staging is most accurately reflected by the tumour-nodemetastasis classification for rectal adenocarcinoma. It involves examining locoregional disease by way of magnetic resonance imaging and/or endorectal ultrasound, with systemic spread excluded by way of computed tomography. Positron emission tomography is integral in the workup to exclude an external siteof primary SCC with metastasis to the rectum. While the optimal treatment remains as yet undefined, recent studies have demonstrated a global shift away from surgery towards definitive chemoradiotherapy as primary treatment. Pooled overall survival was calculated to be 86% in patients managed with chemoradiation compared with 48% for those treated traditionally with surgery. Furthermore, local recurrence and metastatic rates were 25% vs 10% and 30% vs 13% for the chemoradiation vs conventional treatment cohorts.CONCLUSION: The changing paradigm in the treatment of rectal SCC holds great promise for improved outcomes in this rare disease. | Glen R Guerra Cherng H Kong Satish K Warrier Andrew C Lynch Alexander G Heriot Samuel Y Ngan | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，3： | 5 |
| 4 | 澳大利亚人乳头状瘤病毒疫苗计划实施5年对年轻人群生殖器疣患病情况的影响:国家调查数据分析显示文摘目的评估2007年中开始的澳大利亚人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗计划对生殖器疣患病情况的影响。设计国家调查数据趋势分析。数据来源数据收集于2004--2011年度澳大利亚8所性健康服务机构;其中2所最大的临床中心收集了自我报告的本中心2009年度HPV疫苗现状。研究对象2004--2011年度首次就诊的85770名澳大利亚出生的国民;其中7686(9.0%)名患生殖器疣。主要结局测量比较前疫苗时期(2004—2007年中)和疫苗时期(2007年中-2001年末)不同人群生殖器疣新发病率变化趋势。结果疫苗时期21岁以下和21~30岁女性诊断患有生殖器疣的比例明显下降,发病率分别从2007年度的11.5%和11.3%下降至2011年度的0.85%和3.1%,P均〈0.001。在30岁以上的女性中未发现发病率的明显下降。在21岁以下和21~30岁异性恋男性人群中疫苗时期生殖器疣的发病率较前疫苗时期明显下降,分别由2007年度12.1%和18.2%下降至2011年度2.2%和8.9%,P均〈0.001。30岁以上的异性恋男性人群中发病率无明显下降。2011年235名21岁以下女性在使用HPV疫苗后无新发生殖器疣病例。结论年轻女性生殖器疣发病率的显著下降和2011年度部分年轻女性使用疫苗后的零发病率,说明HPV疫苗获得实验室外的良好功效。异性恋男性生殖器疣发病率的显著下降可能是由于群体免疫所致。 | Hammad Ali,lecturer Basil Donovan, professor HandanWand,senior lecturer Tim R H Read, sexual health physician David G Regan,senior lecturer Andrew E Grulich, professor Christopher K FaMey, professor Rebecca J Guy, associate professor 尹婕(译) 潘凌亚(校) | 2013 | 英国医学杂志中文版2013，16，4： | 4 |
| 5 | Nat Genet:单基因突变导致过敏性皮炎的发生显示文摘最近,研究者们鉴定出了一类导致神经性皮炎发生的关键基因突变:CARDll。来自美国NIH过敏与传染病研究所的研究者们通过对四个没有血缘关系的患病家庭进行分析,发现了这一导致疾病产生的基因、 | Chi A Ma, Yuan Zhang, Michael A Weinreich, Jonathan J Lyons, Celeste G Nelson, Thomas DiMaggio, Kelly D Stone, Joshua D Milner Jeffrey R Stinson, Elisa Ruffo, Batsukh Dorjbal, Swadhinya Arjunaraja, Kelsey Voss, Andrew L Snow Jordan K Abbott, Pia J Hauk, Paul R Reynolds, Erwin W Gelfand Elisa Ruffo Salomé Glauzy, Natsuko Yamakawa, Eric Meffre Jennifer Stoddard, Julie Niemela, Sergio D Rosenzweig Yu Zhang, Helen F Matthews Joshua J McElwee Nina Jones Alejandro Palma, Matías Oleastro, Emma Prieto, Andrea R Bernasconi, Geronimo Dubra, Silvia Danielian, Jonathan Zaiat, Marcelo A Marti Brian Kim Megan A Cooper Neil Romberg | 2017 | 现代生物医学进展2017，17，27： | 3 |
| 6 | A new Early Cretaceous dinosaur track assemblage and the first definite non-avian theropod swim trackway from China显示文摘The trackway of a swimming theropod (ichnogenus Characichnos) is reported from the Lower Cretaceous Feitianshan Formation of Sichuan, China. These swim tracks help confirm that non-avian theropods were capable of forging moderately deep bodies of water. The trackway occurs on the same surface as a typical walking trackway of a sauropod (ichnogenus Brontopodus). Both occurrences are the first reported from the Cretaceous of Sichuan, and the swim tracks are the first well-preserved example of a Characichnos trackway from China. Additionally, a theropod walking trackway and several ornithopod walking trackways (similar to the ichnogenus Caririchnium) occur in the same horizon. The ornithopod trackways show a parallel orientation, suggesting gregarious behavior of the trackmakers, which may have been iguanodontiforms and/or hadrosauriforms. The co-occurrence of theropod swim tracks and theropod walking tracks suggests a fluctuation of water depth within a distinct time span. | XING LiDa LOCKLEY Martin G ZHANG JianPing MILNER Andrew R C KLEIN Hendrik LI DaQing PERSONS IV W Scott EBI JieFang | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，19： | 3 |
| 7 | Association between raw wool characteristics and processing to top 显示文摘 | Rottenbury R A Andrews MW Brown G H | 1983 | Textile Res J1983，，53： | 2 |
| 8 | Age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factor profile:A pooled analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes(T2D)in younger adults,an increasingly common public health issue,is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality,which may be due to a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile in individuals diagnosed at a younger age.AIM To investigate the association between age at diagnosis and the cardiovascular risk profile in adults with T2D.METHODS A pooled dataset was used,comprised of data from five previous studies of adults with T2D,including 1409 participants of whom 196 were diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 years.Anthropometric and blood biomarker measurements included body weight,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,body fat percentage,glycaemic control(HbA1c),lipid profile and blood pressure.Univariable and multivariable linear regression models,adjusted for diabetes duration,sex,ethnicity and smoking status,were used to investigate the association between age at diagnosis and each cardiovascular risk factor.RESULTS A higher proportion of participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 were female,current smokers and treated with glucose-lowering medications,compared to participants diagnosed later in life.Participants diagnosed with T2D under the age of 40 also had higher body weight,BMI,waist circumference and body fat percentage,in addition to a more adverse lipid profile,compared to participants diagnosed at an older age.Modelling results showed that each one year reduction in age at diagnosis was significantly associated with 0.67 kg higher body weight[95%confidence interval(CI):0.52-0.82 kg],0.18 kg/m^(2) higher BMI(95%CI:0.10-0.25)and 0.32 cm higher waist circumference(95%CI:0.14-0.49),after adjustment for duration of diabetes and other confounders.Younger age at diagnosis was also significantly associated with higher HbA1c,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides.CONCLUSION The diagnosis of T2D earlier in life is associated with a worse cardiovascular risk factor profile,compared to those diagnosed later in life. | Mary M Barker Francesco Zaccardi Emer M Brady Gaurav S Gulsin Andrew P Hall Joseph Henson Zin ZinHtike Kamlesh Khunti Gerald P McCann Emma L Redman David R Webb Emma G Wilmot Tom Yates Jian Yeo Melanie J Davies Jack A Sargeant | 2022 | World Journal of Diabetes2022，13，3： | 2 |
| 9 | Lymphoepithelial cysts and cystic lymphangiomas: Underrecognized benign cystic lesions of the pancreas显示文摘AIM: To identify their diagnostic and prognostic clinical characteristics in a large series.METHODS: Retrospective review of clinicopathologic and imaging characteristics of patients diagnosed with lymphoepithelial cysts and cystic lymphangiomas of the pancreas at Massachusetts General Hospital.RESULTS: Twelve patients were identified between 1/1/1997 and 8/1/2007. Their median age was 55.5 years(range 19-78 years), and 6 were females. The le-sion was incidentally discovered in half of the patients.Contrast enhanced computed tomography demonstrat-ed that the cysts had thin walls, without calcifications, pancreatic duct dilation or pancreatic parenchyma inva-sion. Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration(EUS/FNA) confirmed the diagnosis of a lymphoepithe-lial cyst in 3 patients, one of whom was spared an op-eration and continues to do well after 6 years. Eleven patients had a resection: 3 pancreaticoduodenecto-mies, 7 distal pancreatectomies, and 1 enucleation. The median size of the cysts was 3 cm(range 2-20 cm). At a median follow-up of 57 mo no recurrences or other pancreas-related conditions occurred.CONCLUSION: Lymphoepithelial cysts and cystic lymphangiomas of the pancreas can be diagnosed with a combination of contrast-enhanced computed tomog-raphy scans and EUS/FNA. If the lesion is asymptom-atic, an operation might be avoided. | Ioannis T Konstantinidis Avinash Kambadakone Onofrio A Catalano Dushyant V Sahani Vikram Deshpe David G Forcione Jennifer A Wargo Carlos Fernandez-del Castillo Keith D Lillemoe Andrew L Warshaw Cristina R Ferrone | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2014，6，7： | 2 |
| 10 | Methylation of TIMP3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma显示文摘AIM: To measure the frequency of DNA methylation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) promoter and relate this to any change of gene expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients from a region of high incidence in China.METHODS: Cancer cell lines were treated with or without the demethylating reagent 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine. Methylation of the TIMP3 promoter was assessed in three regions by melt curve analysis and its expression was assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Tumors and proximal resection margins were obtained from 64 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from a region of high incidence in China. Methylation was assessed by melt curve analysis and expression by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Methylation in one of the three promoter regions assessed correlated with gene silencing in esophageal cell lines. A degree of methylation of TIMP3 was found in only four esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and partial loss of TIMP3 protein expression in just one.CONCLUSION: Methylation and loss of expression of TIMP3 occurs infrequently in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a region of high incidence in China. | Eric Smith Neville J De Young Zi-Qiang Tian Maria Caruso Andrew R Ruszkiewicz Jun-Feng Liu Glyn G Jamieson Paul A Drew | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，2： | 2 |
| 11 | Sum capacity of multiuser MIMO broadcast channels with block diagonalization显示文摘 | SHEN Z CHEN R ANDREWS J G | 2007 | IEEE Trans on Wireless Communications2007，6，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Size, Structure and Administrative Overheads : An Empirical Analysis of English Local Authorities 显示文摘 | Andrews R Boyne G A | 2009 | Urban Studies2009，46，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Novel chiral pyrrolidinone scaffolds derived from threonine with antibacterial activity显示文摘 | Muhammad A Cowley Andrew R Moloney Mark G | 2010 | Tetrahedron: Asymmetry2010，21，1314： | 1 |
| 14 | Application ofcomputed global radiation for areas of high relief 显示文摘 | Williams L D Barry R G Andrews J T | 1972 | Journal of Applied Meteorology1972，，11： | 1 |
| 15 | Networked MIMO with clustered linear precoding显示文摘 | ZHANG J CHEN R H ANDREWS J G | 2009 | IEEE Transactions on Wireless Commu- nications2009，8，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Detection of ivermectin residues in bovine liver using an enzyme immunoassay显示文摘 | STENVEN R H ANDREW G B IMELDA M T | 1998 | Analyst1998，123，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Determining the geographic origin of milk in Australasia using multi-element stable isotope ratio analysis显示文摘 | Crittenden R G Andrew A S LeFournour M | 2007 | International Dairy Journal2007，17，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Levels of Expression of P-Selectin, E-Selectin, and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Coronary Atherectomy Specimens from Patients With Stable and Unstable Angina Pectoris显示文摘 | Alan N Tenaglia MD Andrew J Buda MD Robert G Wilkins MD Michael K Barron MD Paul R Jeffords BS Khoa Vo BS Maureen O Jordan BS Barry A Kusnick MD David J Lefer PhD | 1997 | The American Journal of Cardiology1997，，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Efficient and adaptive congestion control for heterogeneous delay-tolerant networks 显示文摘 | Milena R Andrew G | 2012 | AdHoe Networks2012，10，7： | 1 |
| 20 | Low complexity user selection algorithms for multiuser MIMO systems with block diagonalization显示文摘 | Shen Z Chen R Andrews J G | 2006 | IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing2006，54，9： | 1 |
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