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| 1 | 诊断性试验和策略的证据质量和推荐强度的分级显示文摘GRADE系统能对诊断性试验或策略的证据质量和推荐强度进行分级。本文旨在阐释在此过程中如何考虑患者的重要结局, | Holger J Schünemann Andrew D Oxman Jan Brozek Paul Glasziou Roman Jaeschke Gunn E Vist John W Williams Jr Regina Kunz Jonathan Craig Victor M Montori Patrick Bossuyt Gordon H Guyatt 李晓 黄程 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，5： | 7 |
| 2 | Direct laser writing of volumetric gradient index lenses and waveguides显示文摘Direct laser writing(DLW)has been shown to render 3D polymeric optical components,including lenses,beam expanders,and mirrors,with submicrometer precision.However,these printed structures are limited to the refractive index and dispersive properties of the photopolymer.Here,we present the subsurface controllable refractive index via beam exposure(SCRIBE)method,a lithographic approach that enables the tuning of the refractive index over a range of greater than 0.3 by performing DLW inside photoresist-filled nanoporous silicon and silica scaffolds.Adjusting the laser exposure during printing enables 3D submicron control of the polymer infilling and thus the refractive index and chromatic dispersion.Combining SCRIBE’s unprecedented index range and 3D writing accuracy has realized the world’s smallest(15μm diameter)spherical Luneburg lens operating at visible wavelengths.SCRIBE’s ability to tune the chromatic dispersion alongside the refractive index was leveraged to render achromatic doublets in a single printing step,eliminating the need for multiple photoresins and writing sequences.SCRIBE also has the potential to form multicomponent optics by cascading optical elements within a scaffold.As a demonstration,stacked focusing structures that generate photonic nanojets were fabricated inside porous silicon.Finally,an all-pass ring resonator was coupled to a subsurface 3D waveguide.The measured quality factor of 4600 at 1550 nm suggests the possibility of compact photonic systems with optical interconnects that traverse multiple planes.SCRIBE is uniquely suited for constructing such photonic integrated circuits due to its ability to integrate multiple optical components,including lenses and waveguides,without additional printed supports. | Christian R.Ocier Corey A.Richards Daniel A.Bacon-Brown Qing Ding Raman Kumar Tanner J.Garcia Jorik van de Groep Jung-Hwan Song Austin J.Cyphersmith Andrew Rhode Andrea N.Perry Alexander J.Littlefield Jinlong Zhu Dajie Xie Haibo Gao Jonah F.Messinger Mark L.Brongersma Kimani C.Toussaint Jr Lynford L.Goddard Paul V.Braun | 2020 | Light(Science & Applications)2020，9，1： | 6 |
| 3 | Magnetic resonance angiography for the primary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: A review from the international workshop for pulmonary functional imaging显示文摘Pulmonary contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography(CE-MRA) is useful for the primary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism(PE). Many sites have chosen not to use CE-MRA as a first line of diagnostic tool for PE because of the speed and higher efficacy of computerized tomographic angiography(CTA). In this review, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of CEMRA and the appropriate imaging scenarios for the primary diagnosis of PE derived from our unique multiinstitutional experience in this area. The optimal patient for this test has a low to intermediate suspicion for PE based on clinical decision rules. Patients in extremis are not candidates for this test. Younger women(< 35 years of age) and patients with iodinated contrast allergies are best served by using this modality We discuss the history of the use of this test, recent technical innovations, artifacts, direct and indirect findings for PE, ancillary findings, and the effectiveness(patient outcomes) of CE-MRA for the exclusion of PE. Current outcomes data shows that CE-MRA and NM V/Q scans are effective alternative tests to CTA for the primary diagnosis of PE. | Nanae Tsuchiya Edwin JR van Beek Yoshiharu Ohno Hiroto Hatabu Hans-Ulrich Kauczor Andrew Swift Jens Vogel-Claussen Jürgen Biederer James Wild Mark O Wielpütz Mark L Schiebler | 2018 | World Journal of Radiology2018，10，6： | 4 |
| 4 | Effect of different intensities of physical activity on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in adult rats fed with a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet显示文摘Background: Physical activity(PA) and diet are 2 lifestyle factors that affect cardiometabolic risk. However, data on how a high-fat highcarbohydrate(HFHC) diet influences the effect of different intensities of PA on cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular function in a controlled setting are yet to be fully established. This study investigated the effect of sedentary behavior, light-intensity training(LIT), and high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in HFHC-fed adult rats.Methods: Twelve-week-old Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups(12 rats/group): control(CTL), sedentary(SED), LIT, and HIIT.Biometric indices, glucose and lipid control, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, vascular reactivity, and cardiac electrophysiology of the experimental groups were examined after 12 weeks of HFHC-diet feeding and PA interventions.Results: The SED group had slower cardiac conduction(p = 0.0426) and greater thoracic aortic contractile responses(p < 0.05) compared with the CTL group. The LIT group showed improved cardiac conduction compared with the SED group(p = 0.0003), and the HIIT group showed decreased mesenteric artery contractile responses compared with all other groups and improved endothelium-dependent mesenteric artery relaxation compared with the LIT group(both p < 0.05). The LIT and HIIT groups had lower visceral(p = 0.0057 for LIT, p = 0.0120 for HIIT)and epididymal fat(p < 0.0001 for LIT, p = 0.0002 for HIIT) compared with the CTL group.Conclusion: LIT induced positive adaptations on fat accumulation and cardiac conduction, and HIIT induced a positive effect on fat accumulation,mesenteric artery contraction, and endothelium-dependent relaxation. No other differences were observed between groups. These findings suggest that few positive health effects can be achieved through LIT and HIIT when consuming a chronic and sustained HFHC diet. | Romeo B.Batacan Jr Mitch J.Duncan Vincent J.Dalbo Geraldine L.Buitrago Andrew S.Fenning | 2018 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2018，7，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Current concepts in the rehabilitation of the overhead throwing athlete显示文摘 | Wilk KE Meister K Andrews JR | 2002 | Am J Sports Med2002，30，： | 1 |
| 6 | Gonedotropin - releasing hormone modulation of protein kinase - C activity in perifused anterior pituitary cell culture显示文摘 | Andrews WV Hansen JR Janovick JA | 1996 | Endocrinol1996，127，： | 1 |
| 7 | A study of the products of the reaction of phosphorus and dioxygen显示文摘 | Bauschlicher C W Jr Zhou M Andrews L | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 8 | The brain's default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease显示文摘 | Buckner RL Andrews Hanna JR Schacter DL | 2008 | Ann N Y Acad Sci2008，1124，10： | 1 |
| 9 | Analgesia for thoracic surgery 显示文摘 | Andrew ND Christopher JR | 2014 | An- aesth Intens Care2014，15，11： | 1 |
| 10 | Shoulder muscle recruit- ment patterns and related biomeehanics during upper extremity sports显示文摘 | Escamilla RF Andrews JR | 2009 | Sports Med2009，39，7： | 1 |
| 11 | Current concepts in the rehabilitation of overhead throwing athlete 显示文摘 | Wilk KE Meister K Andrews JR | 2002 | Am J Sports Med2002，30，2： | 1 |
| 12 | River Channel Restoration-Guiding Principles for Sustainable Projects显示文摘 | Andrew Brookes F Douglas Shields JR | 1996 | John Wiley & Sons1996，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Improved interlaboratory comparisons of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediment显示文摘 | William D Macleod Jr Andrew J Friedman Donald W Brown | 1998 | Marine Environmental Research1998，26，： | 1 |
| 14 | Comparison of propofol/ remifentanil and sevoflurane/remifentanil for maintenance of an- aesthesia for elective intracranial surgery 显示文摘 | Sneyd JR Andrews CJH Tsubokawa T | 2005 | British J Anaesth2005，94，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Rational dosing of antimicrobial a- gents : Phaimacokinetie and pharmaeodynamic strategies 显示文摘 | Robert C Owens Jr Andrew F | 2009 | Heahh-Syst Pharm2009，66，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Early local cytokine profiles in strains of mice with different outcomes from chlamydial genital tract infection显示文摘 | Andrews CW Jr Sikes JD | 2001 | Infect Immun2001，69，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Valgus extension overload in the pitching elbow显示文摘 | Wilson FD Andrews JR Blackburn TA | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 18 | The importance of the follicular phase to success and failure in in vitro fertilization显示文摘 | Jones HW Jr Acosta A Andrews MC | 1983 | Fertil Stefil1983，40，： | 1 |
| 19 | Early local cytokine profiles in strains of mice with different outcomes from chlamydial genital tract infection 显示文摘 | Darville T Andrews CW Jr Sikes JD | 2001 | Infect Immun2001，69，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Comparison of propofol/remifentanil and sevoflurane/remifentanil for maintenance of anaesthesia for elective intracranial surgery显示文摘 | Sneyd JR Andrews CJ Tsubokawa T | | 0，，06： | 1 |
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