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| 1 | Autoimmune hepatitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: A case series and review of the literature显示文摘BACKGROUND Abnormal liver chemistry is a common problem in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Common causes of abnormal liver enzymes in this population include viral hepatitis B/C or opportunistic infection, drug toxicity, and neoplasm. Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare cause of hepatitis in HIV-infected individuals;however, this condition has been increasingly reported over the past few years. CASE SUMMARY We present 13 HIV-infected patients (5 males and 8 females) who developed autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) after their immune status was restored, i.e. all patients had stable viral suppression with undetectable HIV viral loads, and median CD4+ counts of 557 cells/× 106 L. Eleven patients presented with chronic persistent elevation of aminotransferase enzyme levels. One patient presented with acute hepatitis and the other patient presented with jaundice. The median levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase enzymes were 178 and 177 U/mL, respectively. Elevation of immunoglobulin G levels was present in 11 (85%) patients. Antinuclear antibody and anti-smooth muscle antibody were positive in 11 (85%) and 5 (38%) patients. Liver biopsy was performed in all patients. They had histopathological findings compatible with AIH. The patients were started on prednisolone for remission induction, with good response. After improvement of the liver chemistry, the dose of prednisolone was tapered, and azathioprine was added as life-long maintenance therapy. At the last follow-up visit, all were doing well, without HIV viral rebound or infectious complications. CONCLUSION This report underscores the emergence of autoimmune hepatitis in the context of HIV infection. | Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Anapat Sanpawat Anchalee Avihingsanon Sombat Treeprasertsuk | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，35： | 7 |
| 2 | Measurement of urinary chemokine and growth factor messenger RNAs: a noninvasive monito- ring in lupus nephritis 显示文摘 | Avihingsanon Y Phumesin P Benjachat T | 2006 | Kidney Int2006，69，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Gemini: A non-infe- riority study of saquinavir/ritonavir versus lopinavir/ritonavir as initial HIV-1 therapy in adults显示文摘 | Walmsley S Avihingsanon A Slim J | 2009 | J Acquir Immune Defic Syn- dr2009，50，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Decreased renal expression of vas- cular endothelial growth factor in lupus ne- phritis is associated with worse prognosis 显示文摘 | Avihingsanon Y Benjachat T Tassanarong A et aI | 2009 | Kidney International2009，75，12： | 1 |
| 5 | Major organ lupus involvement: severe lupus nephritis显示文摘 | Avihingsanon Y Hirankam N | 2010 | Lupus2010，19，12： | 1 |
| 6 | A randomized trial of combination hepatitis B therapy in HIV/HBV coinfected antiretroviral naive individuals in Thailand显示文摘 | Matthews GV Avihingsanon A Lewin SR | 2008 | Hepatology2008，48，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine compared with emtricitabine alone in antiretroviral-naive HIV-HBV coinfection in Thailand显示文摘 | Avihingsanon A Lewin SR Kerr S | 2010 | Antivir Ther2010，15，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Major lupus organ involvement: severe lupus nephritis显示文摘 | Avihingsanon Y Hirankarn N | 2010 | Lupus2010，19，12： | 1 |
| 9 | A random- ized trial of combination hepatitis B therapy in HIV/HBV coinfected antiretroviral naive individuals in Thailand 显示文摘 | Matthcws GV Avihingsanon A Lewin SR | 2008 | Hepatology2008，48，： | 1 |
| 10 | Immunologic markers as predictors of tuberculosis-associated immtme reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV and tuberculosis coinfected persons in Thailand 显示文摘 | Tieu HV Ananworanich J Avihingsanon A | 2009 | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses2009，25，11： | 1 |
| 11 | Outcome of microemulsion cyclosporine C2 concentration monitoring in kidney transplantation显示文摘 | Praditpomsilpa K Avihingsanon Y Nivatvong S | 2005 | Clin Transplant2005，19，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Defects in Notchl upregulation upon activation of T Cells from pa-tients with systemic lupus erythematosus are related to lu- pus disease activity显示文摘 | Sodsai P Hirankarn N Avihingsanon Y | 2008 | Lupus2008，17，7： | 1 |
| 13 | Decreased renal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in lupus nephritis is associated with worse prognosis显示文摘 | Avihingsanon Y Benjachat T Tassanarong A | 2009 | Kidney Int2009，75，12： | 1 |
| 14 | A randomized trial of combination hepatitis B therapy in HIV /HBV coinfected antiretroviral naive individuals in Thailand显示文摘 | Matthews GV Avihingsanon A Lewin SR | 2008 | Hepatology2008，48，： | 1 |
| 15 | Measurement of urinary chemokine and growth factor messenger RNAs: a nonin-vasive monitoring in lupus nephritis显示文摘 | Avihingsanon Y Phumesin P Benjachat T | 2006 | Kidney Int2006，69，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Expression of protective genes in human renal allografts: a regulatory response to injury associated with graft rejection.显示文摘 | Avihingsanon Y Ma N Csizmadia E | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Expression of protective genes in human renal allografts: a regulatory response to injury associated with graft rejection 显示文摘 | Avihingsanon Y Ma N Csizmadia E | 2002 | Transplantation2002，73，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Gemini: a noninferiority study of saquinavir/ritonavir versus lopinavir/ ritonavir as initial HIV-1 therapy in adults 显示文摘 | Walmsley S Avihingsanon A Slim J | 2009 | J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr2009，50，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Major lupus organ involve- ment: severe lupus nephritis显示文摘 | Avihingsanon Y Hirankarn N | 2010 | Lupus2010，19，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Defects in Notchl upregulation upon activation of T ceils from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are related to lupus disease activity 显示文摘 | Sodsai P Hirankarn N Avihingsanon Y | 2008 | Lupus2008，17，7： | 1 |
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