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| 1 | Therapeutic uses of animal biles in traditional Chinese medicine:An ethnopharmacological,biophysical chemical and medicinal review显示文摘Forty-four different animal biles obtained from both invertebrates and vertebrates(including human bile)have been used for centuries for a host of maladies in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)beginning with dog,ox and common carp biles approximately in the Zhou dynasty(c.1046-256 BCE).Overall,different animal biles were prescribed principally for the treatment of liver,biliary,skin(including burns),gynecological and heart diseases,as well as diseases of the eyes,ears,nose,mouth and throat.We present an informed opinion of the clinical efficacy of the medicinal uses of the different animal biles based on their presently known principal chemical components which are mostly steroidal detergent-like molecules and the membrane lipids such as unesterified cholesterol and mixed phosphatidylcholines and sometimes sphingomyelin,as well as containing lipopigments derived from heme principally bilirubin glucuronides.All of the available information on the ethnopharmacological uses of biles in TCM were collated from the rich collection of ancient Chinese books on materia medica held in libraries in China and United States and the composition of various animal biles was based on rigorous separatory and advanced chemical identification techniques published since the mid-20th century collected via library(Harvard’s Countway Library)and electronic searches(PubMed and Google Scholar).Our analysis of ethnomedical data and information on biliary chemistry shows that specific bile salts,as well as the common bile pigment bilirubin and its glucuronides plus the minor components of bile such as vitamins A,D,E,K,as well as melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)are salutary in improving liver function,dissolving gallstones,inhibiting bacterial and viral multiplication,promoting cardiac chronotropsim,as well as exhibiting anti-inflammatory,anti-pyretic,anti-oxidant,sedative,anti-convulsive,anti-allergic,anti-congestive,anti-diabetic and anti-spasmodic effects.Pig,wild boar and human biles diluted with alcohol were shown to form an artificial skin for burns and wounds one thousand years ago in the Tang dynasty(618-907 CE).Although various animal biles exhibit several generic effects in common,a number of biles appear to be advantageous for specific therapeutic indications.We attempt to understand these effects based on the pharmacology of individual components of bile as well as attempting to identify a variety of future research needs. | David Q-H Wang Martin C Carey | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，29： | 11 |
| 2 | Integrative taxonomy of the Russet Bush Warbler Locustella mandelli complex reveals a new species from central China显示文摘Background: The Russet Bush Warbler Locustella(previously Bradypterus) mandelli complex occurs in mountains in the eastern Himalayas, southern China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia. The taxonomy has been debated,with one(L. seebohmi) to four(L. seebohmi, L. mandelli, L. montis and L. timorensis) species having been recognised.Methods: We used an integrative approach, incorporating analyses of morphology, vocalizations and a molecular marker, to re-evaluate species limits in the L. mandelli complex.Results: We found that central Chinese L. mandelli differed from those from India through northern Southeast Asia to southeast China in plumage, morphometrics and song. All were easily classified by song, and(wing + culmen)/tail ratio overlapped only marginally. Both groups were reciprocally monophyletic in a mitochondrial cytochrome b(cytb) gene tree, with a mean divergence of 1.0 ± 0.2%. They were sympatric and mostly altitudinally segregated in the breeding season in southern Sichuan province. We found that the Mt Victoria(western Myanmar) population differed vocally from other L. mandelli, but no specimens are available. Taiwan Bush Warbler L. alishanensis was sister to the L. mandelli complex, with the most divergent song. Plumage, vocal and cytb evidence supported the distinctness of the south Vietnamese L. mandelli idonea. The Timor Bush Warbler L. timorensis, Javan Bush Warbler L.montis and Benguet Bush Warbler L. seebohmi differed distinctly in plumage, but among-population song variation in L. montis exceeded the differences between some populations of these taxa, and mean pairwise cytb divergences were only 0.5–0.9%. We also found that some L. montis populations differed morphologically.Conclusions: We conclude that the central Chinese population of Russet Bush Warbler represents a new species,which we describe herein, breeding at mid elevations in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou provinces.The taxonomic status of the other allopatric populations is less clear. However, as they differ to a degree comparable with that of the sympatric L. mandelli and the new species, we elevate L. idonea to species status, and retain L. seebohmi and L. montis as separate species, the latter with timorensis as a subspecies. Further research should focus on different populations of L. montis and the Mt Victoria population of L. mandelli. | Per Alstrom Canwei Xia Pamela C Rasmussen Urban Olsson Bo Dai Jian Zhao Paul J Leader Geoff J Carey Lu Dong Tianlong Cai Paul I Holt Hung Le Manh Gang Song Yang Liu Yanyun Zhang Fumin Lei | 2015 | Chinese Birds2015，，2： | 4 |
| 3 | Uterine biology in pigs and sheep显示文摘There is a dialogue between the developing conceptus (embryo-fetus and associated placental membranes) and maternal uterus which must be established during the peri-implantation period for pregnancy recognition signaling, implantation, regulation of gene expression by uterine epithelial and stromal cells, placentation and exchange of nutrients and gases. The uterus provide a microenvironment in which molecules secreted by uterine epithelia or transported into the uterine lumen represent histotroph required for growth and development of the conceptus and receptivity of the uterus to implantation. Pregnancy recognition signaling mechanisms sustain the functional lifespan of the corpora lutea (CL) which produce progesterone, the hormone of pregnancy essential for uterine functions that support implantation and placentation required for a successful outcome of pregnancy. It is within the peri-implantation period that most embryonic deaths occur due to deficiencies attributed to uterine functions or failure of the conceptus to develop appropriately, signal pregnancy recognition and/or undergo implantation and placentation. With proper placentation, the fetal fluids and fetal membranes each have unique functions to ensure hematotrophic and histotrophic nutrition in support of growth and development of the fetus. The endocrine status of the pregnant female and her nutritional status are critical for successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This review addresses the complexity of key mechanisms that are characteristic of successful reproduction in sheep and pigs and gaps in knowledge that must be the subject of research in order to enhance fertility and reproductive health of livestock species. | Fuller W Bazer Gwonhwa Song Jinyoung Kim Kathrin A Dunlap Michael Carey Satterfield Gregory A Johnson Robert C Burghardt Guoyao Wu | 2012 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2012，3，3： | 3 |
| 4 | Formation of regular arrays of silicon microspikes by femtosecond laser irradiation through a mask显示文摘 | Shen M Crouch C H Carey J E | 2003 | Appl Phys Lett2003，82，： | 1 |
| 5 | Physical-chemical behavior of dietary and bilary lipids during intestinal digestion and absorption显示文摘 | Hernell O straggers J E Carey M C | 1990 | Biochemistry1990，29，： | 1 |
| 6 | Foaming properties of mixtures of a non-ionic (C,2DMPO) and an ionic surfactant (C-2TAB) 显示文摘 | CAREY E STUBENRAUCH C | 2010 | J Colloid Interface Sci2010，346，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Development of a bioassay method for the selectionof entomopathogenicfungi virulent to the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria ( Forakal) 显示文摘 | PRIOR C CAREY M HRAHAMYJ | 1995 | J Appl Ent1995，11，9： | 1 |
| 8 | Comparison of structure and properties of femtosecond and nanosecond laserstructured silicon 显示文摘 | Crouch C H Carey J E Warrender J M | 2004 | Appl Phys Lett2004，84，： | 1 |
| 9 | Constraint-induced move ment therapy in the treatment of the upper limb in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy:a Cochrane systematic review显示文摘 | Hoare B Imms C Carey L | 2007 | Clin Rehabil2007，21，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Characterization of crystallization pathways during cholesterol precipitation from human gallbladder biles: Identical pathways to corresponding model biles with three predominating sequences显示文摘 | Wang D Q H Carey M C | 1996 | J Lipid Res1996，37，： | 1 |
| 11 | Nature of the Electon Interactions in Aryl-substituted polysilanes显示文摘 | Pitt C G Carey R N Toren E C Jr | 1972 | J Am Chem Soc1972，94，11： | 1 |
| 12 | Biliary lipids and cholesterol gallstone disease显示文摘 | WANG D Q COHEN D E CAREY M C | 2009 | J Lipid Res2009，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Visible and near-infrared responsivity of femtosecond-laser microstructured silicon photodiodes显示文摘 | Carey J E Crouch C H Shen M | 2005 | Opt Lett2005，30，： | 1 |
| 14 | The triple negative para- dox : primary tumor chemosensitivity of breast cancer subtypes显示文摘 | Carey L A Dees E C Sawyer L | 2007 | Clin Cancer Res2007，13，8： | 1 |
| 15 | Lactic acid bacteria and bifidobac- teria attenuate the proinflammatory response in intestinal epi- thelial cells induced by Salmonella enteriea serovar Typhimuri- tan显示文摘 | Carey C M Kostrzynska M | 2012 | Canadian journal of microbiology2012，59，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Nature of the Electon Interactions in Aryl-substituted polysilanes显示文摘 | Pitt C G Carey R N Toren E C Jr | 1972 | J Am Chem Soc1972，94，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Formation of regular arrays of silicon microspikes by femloseeond laser irradiation through a n,ask显示文摘 | SHEN M Y CROUCH C H CAREY J E | 2003 | Applied Physics Letters2003，82，11： | 1 |
| 18 | Case detection, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with primary aldosteronism : an endocrine society clinieal practice guideline显示文摘 | Fun der JW Carey RM Fardel la C | 2008 | J Clin Endoerinol Metab2008，93，9： | 1 |
| 19 | The triple negative paradox:primary tumor chemosensitivity of breast cancer subtypes显示文摘 | CAREY L A DEES E C SAWYER L | 2007 | Clin Cancer Res2007，13，8： | 1 |
| 20 | Abdominal adiposity and coronary heart disease in women 显示文摘 | EXRODE K M CAREY V J HENNEKENS C H | 1998 | JAMA1998，280，： | 1 |
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