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| 1 | Alterations in metastatic properties of hepatocellular carcinoma cell following H-ras oncogene transfection显示文摘AIM To demonstrate the relationship betweenH-ras oncogene and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) metastasis.METHODS Activated H-ras oncogene wastransfected into SMMC 7721, a cell line derivedfrom human HCC, by calcium phosphatetransfection method. Some metastasis-relatedparameters were detected in vitro, includingadhesion assay, migration assay, expression ofcollagenase ⅣV (c ⅣV ase) and epidermal growthfactor receptor (EGFR).RESULTS The abilities of H-ras-transfected cellclones in adhesion to laminin (LN) or fibronectin(FN), migration, c Ⅳ ase secretion increasedmarkedly, and the expression of EGFR elevatedmoderately. More importantly, these alterationswere consistent positively with the expressionof p21, the protein product of H-ras oncogene.CONCLUSION H-ras oncogene could inducethe metastatic phenotype of HCC cell in vitro toraise its metastatic potential. | Qing Wang~1 Zhi Ying Lin~2 Xiao Li Feng~3 ~1Department of Microbiology,Medical Center of Fudan University.the former Shanghai Medical University,Shanghai 200032,China ~2Liver Cancer Institute,Zhongshan Hospital,Shanghai 200032,China ~3Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry,Academy Sinica,Shanghai 200031,ChinaQing Wang earned master degree from Shanghai Medical University in 1996,now a senior lecturer of microbiology,specialized in the role of oncogcncs on tumor metastasis,having 8 papers published. | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，3： | 48 |
| 2 | CO_2浓度变化和气候变化对中国陆地生态系统净初级生产及其平衡的影响(英文)显示文摘本文应用陆地生态系统模型(TEM,4.0)对中国陆地生态系统在目前气候下的净初级生产力,以及在CO2浓度增加和气候变化后的净初级生产力的变化进行了预测。气候变化模型采用三种大气环流模型生成,即:GISS、GFDL和OSU模型。在当前气候条件和CO2浓度(312.5×10-6)下,TEM模型预测中国陆地生态净初级生产力为3,653TgC·a-1(1012gC·a-1)。温带常绿阔叶林是生产力最高的生物区,占有中国净初级生产力的最大比例。NPP的空间格局主要与降水量和温度的空间分布相关联。中国陆地生态系统的年净初级生产力对CO2浓度和气候的变化敏感。在陆地区域尺度上,其年净初级生产力仅在CO2浓度上升至519×10-6的情况下可增加6.0%(219TgC·a-1)。在气候变化而无CO2浓度变化的条件下,净初级生产力的响应在GISS气候方案下表现为1.5%(54.8TgC·a-1)的降低,在GFDL-q气候方案下表现为8.4%(306.9TgC·a-1)的增加。在气候和CO2浓度均发生变化的情况下,净初级生产力有较大程度的增加,在GISS气候方案下的增加比例为18.7%(683TgC·a-1),在GFDL-q气候? | Xiao 1,2 , X., J.M.Melillo 1, D.W.Kicklighter 1, Y.Pan 1, A.D.McGuire 3 and J.Helfrich 1 ( 1The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA) ( 2 The Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Globa | 1998 | 植物生态学报1998，22，2： | 35 |
| 3 | New development thoughts on the bio-inspired intelligence based control for unmanned combat aerial vehicle显示文摘Bio-inspired intelligence is in the spotlight in the field of international artificial intelligence,and unmanned combat aerial vehicle(UCAV),owing to its potential to perform dangerous,repetitive tasks in remote and hazardous,is very promising for the technological leadership of the nation and essential for improving the security of society.On the basis of introduction of bioinspired intelligence and UCAV,a series of new development thoughts on UCAV control are proposed,including artificial brain based high-level autonomous control for UCAV,swarm intelligence based cooperative control for multiple UCAVs,hy-brid swarm intelligence and Bayesian network based situation assessment under complicated combating environments, bio-inspired hardware based high-level autonomous control for UCAV,and meta-heuristic intelligence based heterogeneous cooperative control for multiple UCAVs and unmanned combat ground vehicles(UCGVs).The exact realization of the proposed new development thoughts can enhance the effectiveness of combat,while provide a series of novel breakthroughs for the intelligence,integration and advancement of future UCAV systems. | DUAN HaiBin 1 ,SHAO Shan 2 ,SU BingWei 3 &ZHANG Lei 41 State Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Holistic Flight Control,School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Beijing 100191,China 2 Flight Control Department,Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute,Shenyang 110035,China 3 Beijing Institute of Near Space Vehicle’s System Engineering,Beijing 100076,China 4Integration and Project Section,Air Force Equipment Academy,Beijing 100085,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，8： | 32 |
| 4 | Discontinuous deformation analysis based on complementary theory显示文摘The contact between blocks is treated by the open-close iteration in the conventional discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA),which needs to introduce spurious springs between two blocks in contact and to assume the normal stiffness and the tangential stiffness (the penalty factors). Unreasonable values of stiffness would result in numerical problems. To avoid the penalty factors and the open-close iteration,we reformulate the DDA as a mixed complementary problem (MiCP) and then choose the path Newton method (PNM) to solve the problem. Some examples including those originally designed by Shi are reanalyzed,which proves feasibility of the proposed procedure. | ZHENG Hong1,2 & JIANG Wei2 1 China Three Gorges University,Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Ministry of Education, Yichang 443002,China 2 State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，9： | 15 |
| 5 | A LINEAR THEORY FOR DISTURBANCE OF COHERENT STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM OF SAND WAVES IN OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW显示文摘The formation of sand wave is such a process in which the roughness and discontinuity of the original bed surface cause the disturbance of the bottom laminar flow in an open channel, and the development of the disturbance in turn leads to instability of the flow and the appearance of the coherent structure. The evolution and development of the coherent structure further promote the undulations of bed surface and sand waves rise finally. The sand wave is explained as a result of action that the bed sediment particles are disturbed by the coherent structure. This study shows that the sand wave formation is the result of disturbance action of neutral coherent structure, and the sand wave shape obtained in computations is identical to the practical one. | Yuchuan BAI1, Andreas MALCHEREK2 and Changbo JIANG 1 Institute for Sedimentation on River and Coast Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. E-Mail: Ychbai@tiu.edu.cn 2 Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute | 2001 | International Journal of Sediment Research2001，16，2： | 14 |
| 6 | Quantitative analysis of soil pores under natural vegetation successions on the Loess Plateau显示文摘Soil pore is a key attribute of the soil structure that affects soil reservoir under natural vegetation recovery on the Loess Plateau.This study is to quantitatively analyze soil pore parameters,measured with Computed Tomography(CT) at 15-57 mm depths under five different vegetation succession stages using a concept of substituting 'space' for 'time' in the Ziwuling Forest Region of the Loess Plateau.The results showed that the soil pore parameters,such as pore number,porosity,circularity,and fractal dimension,increased significantly under the natural vegetation successions and varied with the pattern climax community stage>pioneering arbor community stage>scrub community stage>herbaceous community stage>abandoned farmland stage,indicating that natural vegetation recovery could remarkably improve soil pore characteristics.With the vegetation succession,this positive effect will be strengthened gradually,which means that the soil pore parameters may appear to be best at the climax community stage.Soil organic matter content increased linearly with the soil pore parameters(P<0.001).Increased organic matter accumulation was one of the major reasons for the changes in soil pore characteristics in natural vegetation succession. | ZHAO ShiWei1,ZHAO YongGang1,2 & WU JinShui3 1 State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China 3 Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，4： | 14 |
| 7 | Temperature and precipitation trends in Minqin Desert during the period of 1961-2007显示文摘This paper analyzed the data of temperature and precipitation in Minqin,typical desert area in north-west China,during the period of 1961 2007 by linear regression.The result indicated that the increasing rate of the mean annual temperature in Minqin was higher than that of the average of China;and the temperature in February increased by 3.01oC averagely in the past 47 years.The climate in Minqin displayed an evident warming trend.However,there was no evidently increasing trend of precipitation in the past 47 years,and drought occurred during the whole growing season. | ShuJuan ZHU1,2,3,ZhaoFeng CHANG1,2,3 1 Gansu Minqin National Field Observation & Research Station on Ecosystem of Desertified Rangeland,Minqin 733300,China 2 Key Laboratory of Desertification Combating of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 733070,China 3 Gansu Desert Control Research Institute,Lanzhou 733070,China | 2011 | Journal of Arid Land2011，3，3： | 14 |
| 8 | The new interpretation of support vector machines on statistical learning theory显示文摘This paper is concerned with the theoretical foundation of support vector machines (SVMs). The purpose is to develop further an exact relationship between SVMs and the statistical learning theory (SLT). As a representative, the standard C-support vector classification (C-SVC) is considered here. More precisely, we show that the decision function obtained by C-SVC is just one of the decision functions obtained by solving the optimization problem derived directly from the structural risk minimization principle. In addition, an interesting meaning of the parameter C in C-SVC is given by showing that C corresponds to the size of the decision function candidate set in the structural risk minimization principle. | ZHANG ChunHua 1 , TIAN YingJie 2 & DENG NaiYang 3,1 School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China 2 Research Center on Fictitious Economy and Data Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 3 College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China | 2010 | Science China Mathematics2010，53，1： | 12 |
| 9 | Global absorption center map of the mafic minerals on the Moon as viewed by CE-1 IIM data显示文摘Determining the global distribution of minerals on the Moon has been an important goal of lunar science. Hyperspectral remote sensing is an important approach to acquiring minerals on the Moon on the global scale. The wavelength of the absorption band center is the key parameter for identifying minerals with reflectance spectra as well as remote sensing data. The global absorption center map of the mafic minerals of the Moon was produced for the first time with the Chang’E-1 IIM data. This map shows the global distribution of mafic minerals such as orthopyroxenes, clinopyroxenes, and olivine and even plagioclase feldspar of the Moon. The validation for some representative areas indicates that the global map is reliable and even more detailed than the results derived from Clementine-data. Moreover, our method is insensitive to the topography and viewing and illumination geometries. The global absorption band center map not only contributes to the lunar science research, but also has other implications to be further studied. Moreover, the preprocessing methods such as calibration and correction introduced in this study can be useful in other research with IIM data. | WU YunZhao 1,4* , ZHANG Xia 2 , YAN BoKun 3 , GAN FuPing 3 , TANG ZeSheng 4 , XU AoAo 4 , ZHENG YongChun 5 & ZOU YongLiao 5 1 School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China 2 Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 3 Institute for Remote Sensing Method, China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources, Beijing 100083, China 4 Collaborative Research Laboratory on Lunar and Planetary Exploration, Macao University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China 5 National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，12： | 11 |
| 10 | RILL EROSION PROCESS ON STEEP SLOPE LAND OF THE LOESS PLATEAU显示文摘Rill erosion processes and principle of preventing rill erosion of different applied measures are studied by rainfall simulation and field investigation. Research results show that rill erosion processes can be schematically divided into five stages, that is, concentrated flow forming process; little waterfalls in the concentrated flow forming Process; little waterfalls developing into rill head cut process; rill head cuts developing to form discontinuous rill process and discontinuous rills connecting to form continuous rill process. Rill head cuts backward erosion, rill wall collapsing and runoff washing rill bed are the main patterns of rill development. The relevant equation between critical runoff volume of occurring rill erosion and slope degree can be expressed as follows: Q = 76. 10 - 2. 10J. And relevant equation between critical slope length of occurrence Of rill erosion and slope degree is parabolic with a minimum-value. In addition, influence of rill erosion development on slope runoff and soil erosion, benefits and principle of reducing rill erosion amount of mulch, non-tillage system and remained residue, strip alternation of grass and crop, horizontal ditch are also studied. | ZHENG Fenli and TANG Keli (1 The English text has been altered and edited by Dr. DING Lianzhen 2 Engineer, National Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences and institute of Soil and Water Conservati | 1997 | International Journal of Sediment Research1997，12，1： | 9 |
| 11 | Preliminary study on interaction between plant frictional root and rock-soil mass显示文摘The interaction between lateral root system of woody plant and soil mass is similar to the one between shrub, herbage and soil mass, and has the effect of frictional reinforcement on slope soil. It plays an important role in reinforcing soil strength in shallow slope. Therefore, slope soil mass can be considered as a composite of soil and plant roots and the soil strength and stability of shallow slope soil mass are improved. However, current researches still remain on the level of qualitatively analyzing the relation between root and soil mass. In this paper, some exploratory researches on quantitative analysis of the interaction mechanism between root and soil mass are conducted. With the study of interaction between herbage root system (lateral root system of woody plants) and soil mass, the mechanical model of interaction between frictional root and soil mass is established. The accuracy of the model is verified by field experiments of Pinus Yunnanensis. The mechanical model provides a crucial theoretical guidance to quantitatively analyzing the interaction between plant root and soil mass; it also has certain values in application. | YAN ZhiXin1’2, SONG Yun3, JIANG Ping1’2 & WANG HouYu4 1 Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China (Lanzhou University), Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730000, China 2 School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China 3 College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China 4 Air Force Engineering Design & Research Bureau, Beijing 100077, China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，7： | 9 |
| 12 | A preliminary study on vegetation-erosion dynamics and its applications显示文摘Vegetation-erosion dynamics is a new interdisciplinary science, studying the laws of evolution of watershed vegetation under the action of various ecological stresses. Introducing a qualitative expression of ecological stresses in this paper, the present authors establish the cou- pled differential equations for the vegetation-erosion process and derive a theoretical solution. The model is applied to the Anjiagou watershed on the Loess Pateau and the Xiaojiang water- shed and its sub-watersheds on the Yunnan Plateau. The calculated results agree well with the vegetation development processes. Abstracted from the differential equations the so-called vegetation-erosion chart is worked out, with which we can predict the development trend of vegetation under no human stresses. It is demonstrated that the erosion control is important for vegetation development and reforestation must be a long-term strategy. On the Yunnan Plateau with relatively high precipitation and temperature, vegetation can be greatly improved if erosion is controlled. On the dry and cold Loess Pateau suffering from high rate of soil erosion, however, vegetation can effectively control erosion but erosion reduction exhibits low effectiveness on vegetation development. Vegetation in the area is not stable and management is always needed to maintain the vegetation. | WANG Zhaoyin 1,2 , WANG Guangqian 1 , LI Changzhi 1 & WANG Feixin 1 1. Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2. International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation, Beijing 100084, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，5： | 7 |
| 13 | On the placement of actuators and sensors for flexible structures with closely spaced modes显示文摘This paper analyzed the fundamental limitations of previous work and developed a new method to optimally locate actuators and sensors for structures with close modes. Optimization criteria were defined based on the distinguishing modal controllability and observability measures of close modes. An appropriate genetic algorism was adopted as the optimization algorism. Solving the high order Lyapunov functions was avoided by means of the closed-form expressions for controllability and observability Grammians. Since structure with widely separated natural frequencies is approximately balanced, computational efficiency was improved by grouping close modes together and dealing with the resulting subsystems independently. Finally, the effectiveness and optimality of the novel placement scheme were verified on a model structure with close modes. | LIU XiaoXiang1,2 & HU Jun1,2 1 Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing 100190, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Intelligent Control, Beijing 100190, China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，7： | 7 |
| 14 | 稀土元素分析显示文摘本文对1992~1993年间稀土元素分析化学方面的进展进行了评述,内容包括分离方法,重量法,容量法,吸光光度法,荧光光度法,原子吸收光谱法,原子发射光谱法,原子荧光光谱法,X-射线荧光光谱法,发光分析法,中子活化分析法,电化学分析法,质谱法(MS)及其他分析方法的综述,引用文献305篇。 | Liu Wenhua Wang Changqing and Cao Xiangjiu (Beijing GeneralResearch institute for Non-Ferrous Metals, Beijingl 00088 ) , Fenxi Shiyanshi , 1 994 , 1 3 ( 5 1 , 77~ 87This is the fourth biennial periodic review on rareearth elements analysis. The review i | 1994 | 分析试验室1994，13，5： | 6 |
| 15 | Influence of Ru addition on microstructure and stress-rupture property of Ni-based single crystal superalloys | Jing-yang CHEN~1,Qiang FENG~(1,2),La-mei CAO~3,Zu-qing SUN~1 1.State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials,University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083,China 2.National Center for Materials Service Safety,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 3.National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural Materials, Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials,Beijing 100095,China | 2010 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2010，20，1： | 5 |
| 16 | Anisotropic damage coupled modeling of saturated porous rock显示文摘It is widely acknowledged that the natural rock mass is anisotropic and its failing type is also non-isotropic. An orthotropic elastic damaged model has been proposed in which the elastic deformation,the damaged deformation and irreversible deformation can be identified respectively. A second rank damage tensor is employed to characterize the induced damage and damage evolution related to the propagation conditions of microcracks. A specific form of the Gibbs free energy function is used to obtain the effective elastic stiffness and the limited scopes of damage parameters are suggested. The model’s parameter determination is proposed by virtue of conventional tri-axial test. Then,the proposed model is developed to simulate the coupled hydraulic mechanical responses and traction behaviors in different loading paths of porous media. | LU YingFa1,2, WU XinXing1,2 & SHAO JianFu3 1 Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China 2 School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China 3 University of Sciences and Technologies of Lille, Lille 59655, France | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，10： | 5 |
| 17 | A numerical study on fire endurance of wood beams exposed to three-side fire显示文摘To investigate the fire endurance of wood beams exposed to three-side fire, we conducted bearing capacity tests of two wood beams and experiments of five wood beams exposed to three-side fire. The finite element software ANSYS was also used to predict the fire endurance of those beams with the indirect order coupling method. It was found that the fire endurance decreases as the load level increases, and the reduction ratio tends to decrease. In the case of a certain load level, the fire endurance is improved if the section size is increased or covered by the fire protection coating. The central deformation increases as the fire duration increases, and the ratio of increase tends to rise. On another note, an increase in the density of wood leads to a rise in the fire endurance of a given beam. From the finite element method (FEM) calculation results, the fire endurance decreases as the load level increases, and the reduction ratio tends to decrease. When the load level is greater than 0.5, the fire endurance is significantly reduced, and it does not change significantly when the load level changes. Lastly, for a load level magnitude below 0.5, the fire endurance and load level are proportional to one another. | Jin ZHANG 1, Qing-feng XU2, Yi-xiang XU3, Bin WANG1, Jing-xiang SHANG1 (1Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China) (2Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Technology Research on Engineering Structure, Shanghai Research Institute of Building Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China) (3Department of Civil Engineering, Strathclyde University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK) | 2012 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)2012，13，7： | 5 |
| 18 | Global analysis on slope stability and its engineering application显示文摘In hydraulic engineering, sometimes it is necessary to consider the stability of sliding bodies with lateral frictional boundaries. Neither the existing three dimensional limit equilibrium methods nor the commercial software products are able to treat such situations. The three dimensional factor of safety is accordingly underestimated; while the shearing strength based on the three dimensional back analysis is overestimated. In this study, the lateral boundaries are regarded as the part of the slip surface. Based on the expression of the normal pressure on the slip surface and the patch interpolation, a rigorous solution for the three dimensional limit equilibrium analysis is realized. Meanwhile, the proposed procedure is applied to the stability analysis of the slope with a cable platform on the right bank in Da Gang Shan hydraulic project under construction. | ZHENG Hong1,2 & ZHOU ChuangBing3 1 State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Wuhan 430071, China 2 China Three Gorges University, Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Ministry of Education, Yi Chang 443002, China 3 School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，2： | 4 |
| 19 | Lunar digital elevation model and elevation distribution model based on Chang’E-1 LAM data显示文摘More than 8.2 million effective data samples were obtained by the Chang’E-1 Laser Altimeter (LAM).In order to produce a global topographic model of the moon with improved accuracy,a hierarchical many-knot spline method was proposed in this paper.This algorithm makes use of a hierarchy of control lattices to approximate or interpolate the LAM data.Based on the proposed algorithm,a 0.0625°×0.0625° grid of global lunar DEM was obtained and it was compared with ULCN2005,CLTMs01 and Kaguya models,respectively.At the same time,this paper explored the elevation distribution law and established the elevation distribution model.It is shown that the global lunar and nearside elevation distribution is positively skewed and leptokurtic normal distribution,and the farside elevation distribution is a positively skewed and platykurtic normal distribution. | CAI ZhanChuan1,2,ZHENG CaiMu1,2,TANG ZeSheng1,2,3 & QI DongXu1,2,4 1 Faculty of Information Technology,Macao University of Science and Technology,Macao,China 2 Collaborative Research Laboratory on Lunar and Planetary Exploration,Macao University of Science and Technology,Macao,China 3 School of Information Science and Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China 4 School of Information Science and Technology,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，9： | 4 |
| 20 | Distinguished Effects of Interannual Salinity Variability on the Development of the Central-Pacific El Ni o Events显示文摘El Nio events in the central equatorial Pacific (CP) are gaining increased attention,due to their increasing intensity within the global warming context.Various physical processes have been identified in the climate system that can be responsible for the modulation of El Nio,especially the effects of interannual salinity variability.In this work,a comprehensive data analysis is performed to illustrate the effects of interannual salinity variability using surface and subsurface salinity fields from the Met Office ENSEMBLES (EN3) quality controlled ocean dataset.It is demonstrated that during the developing phase of an El Nio event,a negative sea surface salinity (SSS) anomaly in the western-central basin acts to freshen the mixed layer (ML),decrease oceanic density in the upper ocean,and stabilize the upper layers.These related oceanic processes tend to reduce the vertical mixing and entrainment of subsurface water at the base of the ML,which further enhances the warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with the El Nio event.However,the effects of interannually variable salinity are much more significant during the CP-El Nio than during the eastern Pacific (EP) El Nio,indicating that the salinity effect might be an important contributor to the development of CP-El Nio events. | ZHENG Fei 1,WAN Li-Ying 2,and WANG Hui 3 1 International Center for Climate and Environment Science (ICCES),Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China 2 Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting,National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center,Beijing 100081,China 3 National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China | 2012 | Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters2012，5，2： | 4 |
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