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| 1 | α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂治疗2型糖尿病的系统评价(英文)显示文摘目的评价α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂治疗2型糖尿病患者的效果。方法检索Cochrane图书馆、MEDLINE、EMBASE、CurrentContents、LILACS在研试验数据库,主题为α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的综述的参考文献,并联系纳入试验的专家与实施者。最近检索日期为2003年月12月(CurrentContents)和2003年4月(其他数据库)。纳入α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂单一疗法与其它干预比较,治疗2型糖尿病疗程至少12周的随机对照试验,并且试验至少包括以下结局之一:病死率、患病率、生活质量、血糖控制、血脂、胰岛素水平、体重、不良事件。两名评价者独立阅读所有摘要,评价质量并提取数据,分歧通过协商解决或由第三位评价者裁决。由一位统计学家在对提取数据输入数据库时进行检查。我们尽量联系所有作者以核实数据。结果共纳入41个试验、8130例受试者,其中30个针对阿卡波糖,7个针对米格列醇,1个针对优格列波糖,还有3个为不同α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂间的比较。绝大多数研究疗程为24周,仅有2个研究超过1年。与安慰剂相比,阿卡波糖血糖控制效果更好:糖化血红蛋白–0.8%[95%CI(–0.9,–0.7)],空腹血糖–1.1mmol/L[95%CI(–1.4,–0.9)],负荷血糖–2.3mmol/L[95%CI(–2.7,–1.9)],阿卡波糖对糖化血红蛋白的作用呈非剂量依赖。我们发现其可降低负荷胰岛素,但对血脂和体重未见临床相关的作用。不良反应主要来自胃肠道且与剂量相关。相对于磺脲,阿卡波糖将空腹和负荷胰岛素水平分别降低至–24.8pmol/L[95%CI(–43.3,–6.3)]和–133.2pmol/L[95%CI(–184.5,–81.8)],但阿卡波糖引起的不良反应更多。结论关于α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂是否影响2型糖尿病患者的病死率和患病率仍不清楚。相反,其对血糖控制或胰岛素水平作用明显,对血脂和体重的作用差异无统计学意义。α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂更长疗程的效果仍不确定。阿卡波糖剂量超过50mg(TID)时不能进一步影响糖化血红蛋白水平,不良反应反而更多,与磺脲相比,α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂降低了空腹和负荷胰岛素水平,但在血糖控制和不良反应方面存在不利影响。 | VandeLaarFA Lucassen PLBJ Akkermans RP Van de Lisdonk EH Rutten GEHM Van Weel C 陈耀龙(译) 孙丁(审校) | 2006 | 中国循证医学杂志2006，6，5： | 9 |
| 2 | Epidemiology of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in Brazil(Epi Gastro):A population-based study according to sex and age group显示文摘AIM:To determine the prevalences of symptoms consistent with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)and dyspepsia in South America.METHODS:A telephone survey was conducted among adult owners of land-based telephones in S?o Paulo,Brazil,using previously validated computer-assisted sampling and survey protocols.The Portugueselanguage survey included(1)sociodemographic characteristics(e.g.,weight,height,smoking)and comorbidities;(2)dietary habits;(3)presence of symptoms consistent with GERD or dyspepsia within the prior 3mo;and(4)use of medications and other therapies to manage symptoms.Data were stratified post-hoc into three homogeneous geographical regions of S?o Paulo according to the Social Exclusion Indices of the districts and postal codes.Survey response data from each respondent were weighted by the numbers of adults and landline telephones in each household.The analyses were weighted to account for sampling design and to be representative of the S?o Paulo population according to city census data.RESULTS:Among 4570 households contacted,an adult from 3050(66.7%)agreed to participate.The nonresponse rate was 33.3%.The mean(SE)respondent age was 42.6(16.0)years.More than half of all respondents were women(53.1%),aged 18 through 49 years(66.7%),married or cohabitating(52.5%),and/or above normal-weight standards(i.e.,35.3%overweight and 16.3%obese).A total of 26.5%of women were perimenopausal.More than 20%of respondents reported highly frequent symptoms consistent with GERD(e.g.,gastric burning sensation=20.8%)or dyspepsia(e.g.,abdominal swelling/distension=20.9%)at least once per month.Prevalences of these symptoms were significantly(approximately 1.5-to 2.0-fold)higher among women than men but did not vary significantly as a function of advancing age.For instance,14.1%of women reported that they experienced stomach burning(symptom of GERD)at least twice per week,compared to 8.4%of men(P=0.012 byχ2 test).A total of 15.7%of women reported that they experienced abdominal swelling(symptom of dyspepsia)at least twice per week,compared to 6.4%of men(P<0.001byχ2 test).Despite frequent manifestations of GERD or dyspepsia,most(≥90%)respondents reported that they neither received prescription medications fromphysicians,nor took behavioral measures(e.g.,dietary modifications),to manage symptoms.CONCLUSION:Symptoms consistent with dyspepsia and GERD are prevalent in Brazil and represent major public-health and clinical challenges. | Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Latorre Aline Medeiros da Silva Décio Chinzon Jaime N Eisig Telma RP Dias-Bastos | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，46： | 2 |
| 3 | 内皮细胞活化与高血压患者的认知功能有关显示文摘高血压与认知功能障碍和痴呆的发生有关,可能是因为高血压是引发脑损伤的一个重要危险因素,脑损伤是脑小血管病的一种表现。已发现内皮细胞活化和炎症在脑小血管病的发病机制中发挥重要作用。该研究调查以几种血管标志物为基础的内皮细胞活化或炎症的综合积分是否与原发性高血压患者3年后的认知功能有关。 | Uiterwijk R Huijts M Staals J Rouhl RP De Leeuw PW Kroon AA Van Oostenbrugge RJ 陈云 叶鹏 | 2016 | 中华高血压杂志2016，24，6： | 2 |
| 4 | The vertebral artery: its relationship with adjoining tissues in its course intra and inter transverse procwsses in man 显示文摘 | Chopard RP de Miranda Neto MH Lucas GA | 1992 | Rev Patel Med1992，110，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Biological correlates of FDG uptake in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer显示文摘 | De Geus-Oei LF Van Krieken JH Aliredjo RP | 2007 | Lung Cancer2007，55，1： | 1 |
| 6 | The role of STATs in myeloid differentiation and leukemia显示文摘 | Coffer PJ Koenderman L De Groot RP | 2000 | Oncogene2000，19，： | 1 |
| 7 | Staging,respectability,and outcome in 225 patients with hilarcholangiocarcinoma显示文摘 | Jarnagin WR Fong Y De Matteo RP | 2001 | Ann Surg2001，234，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha 2 ( GFRA2 ) gene is associated with tardive dyskinesia 显示文摘 | Souza RP de Luca V Remington G | 2010 | Psychopharmacology ( Bell)2010，210，： | 1 |
| 9 | Biological correlates of FDG uptake in non-small cell lung cancer显示文摘 | de Geus-Oei LF van Krieken JH Aliredjo RP | 2007 | Lung Cancer2007，55，： | 1 |
| 10 | Factors influceing the de- velopment of osteoneerosis in patients treated for slipped capital femoral epiphysis显示文摘 | Tokmakova KP Stanton RP Mason DE | 2003 | J Bone Joint Surg(Am)2003，85，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Patients with usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia-related vulvar cancer have an increased risk of cervical abnormalities显示文摘 | de Bie RP van de Nieuwenhof HP Bekkers RL | 2009 | Br J Cancer2009，101，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Laparoscopic parastomal hernia repair using a keyhole technique results in a high recurrence rate显示文摘 | Hansson BM Bleichrodt RP de Hingh IH | 2009 | Surg Endosc2009，23，7： | 1 |
| 13 | Descending aortic pseudoaneurysm of uncertain etiology: to stentgraft or to operate?显示文摘 | Deshpande RP Casselman FP De Geest R | 2006 | Eur J Cardiothorac Surg2006，30，3： | 1 |
| 14 | p53 and Egr-1 additively suppress transformed growth in HT1080 cells but Egr-1 counteracts p53 - dependent apoptosis 显示文摘 | de Belle I Huang RP Fan Y | 1999 | Oncogene1999，18，24： | 1 |
| 15 | Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock 2008显示文摘 | De/linger RP Levy MM Carlet JM | 2008 | Intensive Care Med2008，34，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Sentinel lymph node biopsy accurately stages the regional lymph nodes for T1-T2 oral squamous cell carcinomas: results of a prospective multi-institutional trial显示文摘 | Civantos FJ Zitsch RP Schuller DE | 2010 | J Clin Oncol2010，28，8： | 1 |
| 17 | The vegetative state and its prognosis following nontraumatic coma 显示文摘 | Levy DE Knill-Jones RP Plum F | 1978 | Ann N Y Acad Sci1978，315，： | 1 |
| 18 | The role of STATs in myeloid differentiation and leukemia显示文摘 | Coffer PJ Koenderrnan L de Groot RP | 2000 | Oncogene2000，19，21： | 1 |
| 19 | Comparison of a 60-versus 90-minute determination of ST-segment resolution after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarc-tion显示文摘 | De Lemos JA Antman EM Giugliano RP | 2000 | Am J Cardiol2000，86，： | 1 |
| 20 | Temporary closure of open abdominal wounds : the vacuum pack 显示文摘 | Brock WB Barker DE Burns RP | 1995 | Am Surg1995，61，1： | 1 |
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