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| 1 | 焦炭特性及其在高炉下部的变化过程显示文摘气化、石墨化和溶解是影响焦炭从高炉软熔带至炉缸间行为的三个主要过程。过去几年在一些专题项目中对这些过程进行了研究。简要叙述并讨论了这些过程的相互作用及其与焦炭特性的关系。对焦炭的气化反应进行了实验室测试研究,用以评价高炉条件下焦炭的特性。用高炉条件下的气化测试装置测试了几种焦炭试样,考查的质量指标包括反应性、结构变化和强度等。用实际尺寸的焦炭块对块状焦炭试样的高温行为进行了评估,将不同种类的焦炭试样加热到2 000℃,以鉴别其在高温下的行为。高温下焦炭将发生石墨化,对高温反应后的强度进行了评定,并作了显微观察,发现了一些现象和组织结构的变化。焦炭与液态渣铁相互作用的研究结果对焦炭在高炉下部的行为有了更好的理解。通过试验研究了焦炭抗液态铁水溶解的性能,对入炉前的焦炭和经高温反应的焦炭分别进行了试验。分析讨论了焦炭的抗气化、抗石墨化和抗铁水溶解性能与其结构、化学成分和强度的关系。 | B van der Velden C J Atkinson T Bakker J R H Stuurwold G J Tijhuis 徐万仁 | 2014 | 世界钢铁2014，，2： | 11 |
| 2 | Pineal clock gene oscillation is disturbed in Alzheimer's disease, due to functional disconnection from the "master clock"显示文摘 | Wu YH Fischer DF Kalsbcck A Garidou-Boof ML van der Vliet J van Heijningen C Liu RY Zhou JN Swaab DE | 2006 | 中国生物学文摘2006，20，9： | 7 |
| 3 | Performance of the Montreal classification for inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘AIM:To validate the Montreal classification system for Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC) within the Netherlands.METHODS:A selection of 20 de-identified medical records with an appropriate representation of the inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) sub phenotypes were scored by 30 observers with different professions(gastroenterologist specialist in IBD,gastroenterologist in training and IBD-nurses) and experience level with IBD patient care.Patients were classified according to the Montreal classification.In addition,participants were asked to score extra-intestinal manifestations(EIM) and disease severity in CD based on their clinical judgment.The inter-observer agreement was calculated by percentages of correct answers(answers identical to the 'expert evaluation') and Fleiss-kappa(k).Kappa cutoffs:< 0.4-poor; 0.41-0.6-moderate; 0.61-0.8-good; > 0.8 excellent.RESULTS:The inter-observer agreement was excellent for diagnosis(k = 0.96),perianal disease(k = 0.92) and disease location in CD(k = 0.82) and good for age of onset(k = 0.67),upper gastrointestinal disease(k = 0.62),disease behaviour in CD(k = 0.79) and disease extent in UC(k = 0.65).Disease severity in UC was scored poor(k = 0.23).The additional items resulted in a good inter-observer agreement for EIM(k = 0.68) and a moderate agreement for disease severity in CD(k = 0.44).Percentages of correct answers over all Montreal items give a good reflection of the inter-observer agreement(> 80%),except for disease severity(48%-74%).IBD-nurses were significantly worse in scoring upper gastrointestinal disease in CD compared to gastroenterologists(P = 0.008) and gastroenterologists in training(P = 0.040).Observers with less than 10 years of experience were significantly better at scoring UC severity than observers with 10-20 years(P = 0.003) and more than 20 years(P = 0.003) of experience with IBD patient care.Observers with 10-20 years of experience with IBD patient care were significantly better at scoring upper gastrointestinal disease in CD than observers with less than 10 years(P = 0.007) and more than 20 years(P = 0.007) of experience with IBD patient care.CONCLUSION:We found a good to excellent interobserver agreement for all Montreal items except for disease severity in UC(poor). | Lieke M Spekhorst Marijn C Visschedijk Rudi Alberts Eleonora A Festen Egbert-Jan van der Wouden Gerard Dijkstra Rinse K Weersma | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，41： | 4 |
| 4 | 海绵动物的演化意义及其生物硅的仿生应用显示文摘海绵动物是地球上最古老、最简单的动物,但对它在生物进化中的定位却经历了一个漫长而复杂的认识过程.作为“活化石”,海绵动物为生物演化研究提供了最好的证据;而对海绵动物研究更令人入胜的是近年来人们发现硅质海绵动物骨针的独特结构和良好光纤特性,从而开辟了利用纳米生物技术进行仿生合成的广泛研究领域.综述了海绵动物的发现及新的分子生物学进化证据,骨针硅蛋白催化合成生物硅的研究进展及仿生合成在纳米生物技术和医学领域的潜在应用. | Werner E G Müller 王晓红 曾令森 Heinz C Schrder | 2007 | 科学通报2007，52，12： | 4 |
| 5 | The floating shoulder显示文摘 | van Noort A van der Werken C | | 0，，03： | 2 |
| 6 | Effect of culture conditions on endothelial cell growth and responsiveness显示文摘 | Relou I A Damen C A van der Schaft D W | 1998 | Tissue Cell1998，30，5： | 2 |
| 7 | Potential therapeutic benefits stemming from the thermal nature of irreversible electropora tion of solid cancers显示文摘To the Editor:Irreversible electroporation(IRE)is a CE-and FDAapproved treatment modality for pancreatic and liver tumors that is based on the site-confined destruction of tumor tissue by multiple short,high-intensity electrical pulses.^([1])Currently there is a heated debate about whether the therapy is thermal or non-thermal.The'non-thermal proponents'advocate | Michal Heger Allard C van der Wal Gert Storm Martin J van Gemert | 2015 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2015，14，3： | 2 |
| 8 | Vertebroplasty versus conservative treatment in acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (Vertos II): an open-label randomised trial显示文摘 | Caroline AH Klazen Paul NM Lohle Jolanda de Vries Frits H Jansen Alexander V Tielbeek Marion C Blonk Alexander Venmans Willem Jan J van Rooij Marinus C Schoemaker Job R Juttmann Tjoen H Lo Harald JJ Verhaar Yolanda van der Graaf Kaspar J van Everdingen Al | 2010 | 2010 (9746)2010，，9746： | 2 |
| 9 | Loss of transgelin in breast and colon tumors and in RIE-1 cells by Ras deregulation of gene expression through Raf -independent pathways显示文摘 | Shields J M Rogers Graham K Der C J | 2002 | J Biol Chem2002，277，12： | 1 |
| 10 | The bacterial translocase: a dynamic protein channel complex显示文摘 | de Keyzer J van der Does C Driessen A J | 2003 | Cell Mol Life Sci2003，60，： | 1 |
| 11 | An increased polymerlc IgA level is not a prognostic marker for progressive IgA nephropathy显示文摘 | Van der Boog PJ Van Kooten C Van Seggelen A | 2004 | Nephrol Dial Transplant2004，19，10： | 1 |
| 12 | Agricultural nutrient losses to surface water in the Netherlands:Impact, strategies, and perspectives显示文摘 | Van Der Molen D T Breeuwsma A Boers P C M | 1998 | Journal of Environmentol Quality1998，27，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Usefulness of clinical, echocardiographic, and procedural characteristics to predict outcome after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation显示文摘 | VAN DER LEE C SCHOLZEL B TEN BERGJ M | 2008 | Am J Cardiol2008，101，： | 1 |
| 14 | A gene encoding an antigen recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma显示文摘 | Van der Bruggen P T raver Sari C Chomez P | 1991 | Science1991，254，5038： | 1 |
| 15 | Significant changes in the bacterioplankton community structure of a maritime Antarctic fieshwater lake following nutrient enrichment显示文摘 | PEARCE D A van der GAST C J WOODWARD K | 2005 | Microbiology2005，151，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Site of intimal rupture or erosion of thrombosed eor- onary atheroselerotie plaques is characterized by an inflammatory process irrespeetive of the dominant plaque morphology 显示文摘 | van der Wal A C | 1994 | Circula- tion1994，89，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Biodiversity assessment using markers for ecologically important traits显示文摘 | Van TIENDEREN P H De HAAN A A Van der LINDEN C G | 2002 | Trends Ecol Evol2002，17，： | 1 |
| 18 | Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome显示文摘 | Drosten C Gunther S Preiser W van der Werf S Brodt HR Becker S | 2003 | N Engl J Med2003，348，： | 1 |
| 19 | Chemical processes affecting the mobility of major,minor and trace elements during weathering of granitic rocks显示文摘 | Middelburg J J Van Der Weijden C H Woittiex J R W | 1988 | Chem Geol1988，68，： | 1 |
| 20 | Chemical processes affecting the mobility of major,minor and trace elements during weathering of granitic rocks显示文摘 | Middelburg J J Van der Weijden C H Woittiez J R W | 1988 | Chemical Geology1988，68，： | 1 |
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