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| 1 | Value of ecosystem services in China显示文摘The function and services are the important components of the life-support system in theplanet, as well as the basic elements for sustainable development of environment and society. It is a must to evaluate it for incorporating it with the social-economic system. It is also an important approach to draw the public attention on the environmental and ecosystem conservation. In this study, the ecosystem function and services in China were estimated by employing the classification and economic parameters from Costanza et al. The type and area of terrestrial ecosystems were extracted from Vegetation Map of China (1:4 000 000), and then the distribution map of ecosystem services of China was drawn. According to our calculation, the total value of ecosystem services in China is 77 834.48×108 RMB yuan per annum. The value for terrestrial ecosystem is 56 098.46×108 yuan per annum, and that for marine ecosystem is 21 736.02×108 yuan per annum. The value of ecosystem services in China is 1.73 times bigger | CHEN Zhongxin & ZHANG XinshiLaboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Current address: Institute of Natural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，10： | 128 |
| 2 | Genetic basis and breeding application of clonal diversity and dual reproduction modes in polyploid Carassius auratus gibelio显示文摘A unisexual species is generally associated with polyploidy, and reproduced by a unisexual reproduction mode, such as gyno- genesis, hybridogenesis or parthenogenesis. Compared with other unisexual and polyploid species, gibel carp (Carassius au- ratus gibelio) has a higher ploidy level of hexaploid. It has undergone several successive rounds of genome polyploidy, and experienced an additional, more recent genome duplication event. More significantly, the dual reproduction modes, including gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, have been demonstrated to coexist in the polyploid gibel carp. This article reviews the genetic basis concerning polyploidy origin, clonal diversity and dual reproduction modes, and outlines the progress in new va- riety breeding and gene identification involved in the reproduction and early development. The data suggests that gibel carp are under an evolutionary trajectory of diploidization. As a novel evolutionary developmental (Evo-Devo) biology model, this work highlights future perspectives about the functional divergence of duplicated genes and the sexual origin of vertebrate animals. | GUI JianFang* & ZHOU Li State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，4： | 62 |
| 3 | Biomass carbon stocks in China's forests between 2000 and 2050:A prediction based on forest biomass-age relationships显示文摘China's forests are characterized by young forest age,low carbon density and a large area of planted forests,and thus have high potential to act as carbon sinks in the future.Using China's national forest inventory data during 1994-1998 and 1999-2003,and direct field measurements,we investigated the relationships between forest biomass density and forest age for 36 major forest types.Statistical approaches and the predicted future forest area from the national forestry development plan were applied to estimate the potential of forest biomass carbon storage in China during 2000-2050.Under an assumption of continuous natural forest growth,China's existing forest biomass carbon(C) stock would increase from 5.86 Pg C(1 Pg=1015 g) in 1999-2003 to 10.23 Pg C in 2050,resulting in a total increase of 4.37 Pg C.Newly planted forests through afforestation and reforestation will sequestrate an additional 2.86 Pg C in biomass.Overall,China's forests will potentially act as a carbon sink for 7.23 Pg C during the period 2000-2050,with an average carbon sink of 0.14 Pg C yr-1.This suggests that China's forests will be a significant carbon sink in the next 50 years. | XU Bing,GUO ZhaoDi,PIAO ShiLong & FANG JingYun* Department of Ecology,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 61 |
| 4 | Plausible impact of global climate change on water resources in the Tarim River Basin显示文摘Combining the temperature and precipitation data from 77 climatological stations and the climatic and hydrological change data from three headstreams of the Tarim River: Hotan, Yarkant, and Aksu in the study area, the plausible association between climate change and the variability of water resources in the Tarim River Basin in recent years was investigated, the long-term trend of the hydrological time series including temperature, precipitation, and streamflow was detected, and the possible association between the El Ni(n)o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and these three kinds of time series was tested. The results obtained in this study show that during the past years, the temperature experienced a significant monotonic increase at the speed of 5%, nearly 1℃ rise; the precipitation showed a significant decrease in the 1970s, and a significant increase in the1980s and 1990s, the average annual precipitation was increased with the magnitude of 6.8 mm per decade. A step change occurred in both temperature and precipitation time series around 1986, which may be influenced by the global climate change. Climate change resulted in the increase of the streamflow at the headwater of the Tarim River, but the anthropogenic activities such as over-depletion of the surface water resulted in the decrease of the streamflow at the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The study result also showed that there is no significant association between the ENSO and the temperature, precipitation and streamflow. | CHEN Yaning & XU Zongxue Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China College of Environmental Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，1： | 56 |
| 5 | Analysis on the ecological benefits of the stream water conveyance to the dried-up river of the lower reaches of Tarim River,China显示文摘This paper analyzes the monitored data of the 4 times of stream water conveyances to the river section where the stream flow was cut-off, of 9 groundwater-monitoring sections and 18 vegetation plots in the lower reaches of Tarim River. The results show that the groundwater depth in the lower reaches of Tarim River rose from 9.87 m before the conveyances to 7.74 m and 3.79 m after the first and second conveyances, 3.61 and 3.16 m after the 2 phases of the third conveyance, and 2.66 m after the fourth conveyance. The transverse response scope of groundwater level was gradually enlarged along both sides of the channel of conveyances, i.e., from 450 m in width after the first conveyance to 1050 m after the fourth conveyance, but the response degree of groundwater level was reduced with the increase of the distance away from the channel of conveyances. The composition, distribution and growth status of the natural vegetation are directly related to the groundwater depth. The indexes of Simpson’s biodiversity, McIntosh’s evenness and Margalef’s richness, which reflect the change of the quantity of species and the degree of biodiversity, are reduced from 0.70, 0.48 and 0.90 to 0.26, 0.17 and 0.37 re- spectively along with the drawdown of groundwater level from the upper reaches to the lower reaches. After the stream water conveyances, the natural vegetation in the lower reaches is saved and restored along with the rise of groundwater level, the response scope of vegetation is gradually enlarged, i.e., from 200— 250 m in width after the first conveyance to 800 m after the fourth conveyance. However, there is still a great disparity to the objective of protecting the “Green Corridor”in the lower reaches of Tarim River. Thus, it is suggested to convey the stream water in double-channel way, combine the conveyance with water supply in surface scope, or construct the modern pipe-conveyance network systems so as to save the natural vegetation in an intensive way, achieve the efficient water consumption and speed up the restoration and re- generation of the damaged ecosystems in the lower reaches of Tarim River. | CHEN Yaning1,ZHANG Xiaolei1,ZHU Xiangmin2,LI Weihong1,ZHANG Yuanming1,XU Hailiang1,ZHANG Hongfeng1 & CHEN Yapeng1 1.Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China 2.Management Beureau od Tarim River Basin,Kurle 831102,China Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Yaning(email: cheyn@ms.xjb.ac.cn) | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，11： | 58 |
| 6 | Patterns of above-and belowground biomass allocation in China's grasslands:Evidence from individual-level observations显示文摘Above-and belowground biomass allocation not only influences growth of individual plants,but also influences vegetation structures and functions,and consequently impacts soil carbon input as well as terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling.However,due to sampling difficulties,a considerable amount of uncertainty remains about the root:shoot ratio(R/S),a key parameter for models of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling.We investigated biomass allocation patterns across a broad spatial scale.We collected data on individual plant biomass and systematically sampled along a transect across the temperate grasslands in Inner Mongolia as well as in the alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau.Our results indicated that the median of R/S for herbaceous species was 0.78 in China's grasslands as a whole.R/S was significantly higher in temperate grasslands than in alpine grasslands(0.84 vs.0.65).The slope of the allometric relationship between above-and belowground biomass was steeper for temperate grasslands than for alpine.Our results did not support the hypothesis that aboveground biomass scales isometrically with belowground biomass.The R/S in China's grasslands was not significantly correlated with mean annual temperature(MAT) or mean annual precipitation(MAP).Moreover,comparisons of our results with previous findings indicated a large difference between R/S data from individual plants and communities.This might be mainly caused by the underestimation of R/S at the individual level as a result of an inevitable loss of fine roots and the overestimation of R/S in community-level surveys due to grazing and difficulties in identifying dead roots.Our findings suggest that root biomass in grasslands tended to have been overestimated in previous reports of R/S. | WANG Liang*,NIU KeChang,YANG YuanHe & ZHOU Peng Department of Ecology,Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China. | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 54 |
| 7 | Numerical Simulation on Climate Effects of Freezing-Thawing Processes Using CCM3显示文摘A parameterization of soil freezing-thawing physics for use in the land-surface model of the National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCAR) Community Climate Model(CCM3) is developed and evaluated.The new parameterization scheme has improved the representation of physical processes in the existing land surface model.Numerical simulations using CCM3 with improved land-surface processes and with the original land-surface processes are compared against the NCEP reanalysis.It is found that the CCM3 version using the improved land surface model shows significant improvements in simulating precipitation in China during the summer season,the general circulation over East Asia,and wind fields over the Tibet Plateau.For the summer season,the improved model was able to better simulate the Indian summer monsoon components,including the mean northerly wind in the upper troposphere and mean southerly wind in the lower troposphere. | Chenghai Wang1,2*,Guodong Cheng3,Aijun Deng4,Wenjie Dong5 1.State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research In-stitute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 2.State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Insti-tute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 3.State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research In-stitute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 4.Department of Meteorology,The Pennsylvania State University,University Park,PA 16802 5.State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology Resource,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China Chenghai Wang1,2*,Guodong Cheng3,Aijun Deng4,Wenjie Dong5 1.State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research In-stitute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 2.State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Insti-tute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 3.State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research In-stitute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China 4.Department of Meteorology,The Pennsylvania State University,University Park,PA 16802 5.State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology Resource,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China | 2008 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2008，，1： | 44 |
| 8 | Above-and belowground biomass in relation to envi- ronmental factors in temperate grasslands, Inner Mongolia显示文摘Above- and belowground biomasses of grasslands are important parameters for characterizing re- gional and global carbon cycles in grassland ecosystems. Compared with the relatively detailed in- formation for aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB) is poorly reported at the re- gional scales. The present study, based on a total of 113 sampling sites in temperate grassland of the Inner Mongolia, investigated regional distribution patterns of AGB, BGB, vertical distribution of roots, and their relationships with environmental factors. AGB and BGB increased from the southwest to the northeast of the study region. The largest biomass occurred in meadow steppe, with mean AGB and BGB of 196.7 and 1385.2 g/m2, respectively; while the lowest biomass occurred in desert steppe, with an AGB of 56.6 g/m2 and a BGB of 301.0 g/m2. In addition, about 47% of root biomass was distributed in the top 10 cm soil. Further statistical analysis indicated that precipitation was the primary determinant factor in shaping these distribution patterns. Vertical distribution of roots was significantly affected by precipitation, while the effects of soil texture and grassland types were weak. | MA WenHong1,2, YANG YuanHe1, HE JinSheng1, ZENG Hui1,2 & FANG JingYun1 1 Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2 School of Environment & Urban Study, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，3： | 34 |
| 9 | Effect of Cultivation on Spatial Distribution of Nematode Trophic Groups in Black Soil显示文摘Geostatistics combined with GIS was applied to assess the spatial distribution of nematode trophic groups following two contrasting soil uses in the black soil region of Northeast China. Two plots, one with fallow for 12 years and the other cultivated, were marked on regular square grids with 2-m spacing. Soil samples were collected from each sampling point, nematodes were extracted from these samples and classified into four trophic groups: bacterivores, fungivores, plant parasites, and omnivores/predators. The numbers of total nematodes and trophic groups analyzed had normal distributions on both fallow and cultivated plots. The absolute abundances of total nematodes and trophic groups were observed to be much more homogeneous on cultivated plot than on fallow one. Geostatistical analysis showed that the densities of total nematodes and trophic groups on both fallow and cultivated plots exhibited spatial dependence at the sampled scale and their experimental semivariograms were adjusted to a spherical or exponential model, except those of bacterivores and fungivores on cultivated plot. The spatial distribution of nematode trophic groups was found to be different for the two land uses, indicating that cultivation changed the native condition for soil nematode activities. | LIANG WENJU, LI QI, JIANG YONG, CHEN WENBO and WEN DAZHONGShenyang Experimental Station of Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 (China) | 2003 | Pedosphere2003，13，2： | 29 |
| 10 | Integration mechanisms of transgenes and population fitness of GH transgenic fish显示文摘It has been more than 20 years since the first batch of transgenic fish was produced. Five stable germ-line transmitted growth hormone (GH) transgenic fish lines have been generated. This paper reviews the mechanisms of integration and gene targeting of the transgene, as well as the viability, reproduction and transgenic approaches for the reproductive containment of GH-transgenic fish. Further, we propose that it should be necessary to do the following studies, in particularly, of the breeding of transgenic fish: to assess the fitness of transgenic fish in an aqueous environment with a large space and a complex structure; and to develop a controllable on-off strategy of reproduction in transgenic fish. | HU Wei & ZHU ZuoYan* State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，4： | 27 |
| 11 | Quantitative relationships between vegetation and several pollen taxa in surface soil from North China显示文摘According to the vegetation investigation and pollen analysis of surface samples sampled along a precipitation gradient of the Northeast China Transect (NECT), several pollen taxa, including Pinus, Betula, Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Ulmus, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae and Cyperaceae, were chosen to make the regression and correlation analyses. The results indicated that there exists a close relationship between vegetation and pollen taxa in surface samples. The regression parameters for ten taxa in the forests in the eastern part of NECT were different from those in the steppes in the western part. Pinus, Betula, Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae, which have large slope and y-intercept terms, were over-representative taxa. Acer, Gramineae and Cyperaceae, which have small slope and y-intercept terms, were under-representative taxa. Quercus, Tilia and Ulmus whose slope terms have negative correlation with y-intercept terms were equi-representative taxa. The pollen taxa with large slope or large y-intercept | LI Yiyin, ZHANG Xinshi & ZHOU Guangsheng1. Department of Urbon and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2. Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China 3. School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China Correspondence should be addressed to Li Yiyin | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，16： | 24 |
| 12 | Genetic analysis of 'all-fish' growth hormone gene transferred carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and its F_1 generation显示文摘Recornbinant 'all-fish' growth hormone gene (GH) was microinjected into the fertilized eggs of carp. A comparison between the growth traits of transgenics and non-transgenics was carried out, and the transgenic individuals with significant 'fast-growing' effect were successfully gained. A comparison on the reproductivities was also given out between the transgenics and their non-transgenic siblings, and showed that the reproductive capacity of transgenics was substantially equivalent to those of the non-transgenics. On the other hand, the genetic separation and the characteristic distribution of the FI generation were genetically analyzed, which gave solid evidence for the hypothesis that 2-3 chromosomes are integrated with trans-gene. In addition, the distinct biological effects for multi-site-integrated transgenes were further discussed. The present study opens a door for the breeding of 'fast-growing' transgenic fish. | WANG Yaping, HU Wei, WU Gang,SUN Yonghua, CHEN Shangping, ZHANG Fuying,ZHU Zuoyan, FENG Jianxin & ZHANG Xirui1. State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China 2. Henan Institute of Aquaculture, Zhengzhou 450044, China | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，14： | 23 |
| 13 | Can transgenic rice cause ecological risks through transgene escape?显示文摘Alien transgene escape from genetically engineered rice to non-transgenic varieties or close wild relatives (including weedy rice) may lead to unpredictable ecological risks. However, for transgene escape to occur three conditions need to be met: (i) spatially, transgenic rice and its non-transgenic counterparts or wild relatives should have sympatric distributions; (ii) temporally, the flowering time of transgenic rice and the non-transgenic varieties or wild relatives should overlap; and (iii) biologically, transgenic rice and its wild relative species should have such a sufficiently close relationship that their interspecific hybrids can have normal generative reproduction. This paper presents research data on the geographic distribution, flowering habits, interspecific hybridization, and gene flow of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) and its closely related wild relatives containing the AA genome. The objective is to estimate the possibility of transgene escape to non-transgenic rice varieties and wild relatives of rice, which may result in unpredictable ecological risks. | LU Baorong , SONG Zhiping and CHEN Jiakuan(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China) | 2003 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2003，13，1： | 21 |
| 14 | Biomass and carbon dynamics of a tropical mountain rain forest in China显示文摘Biometric inventories for 25 years,from 1983 to 2005,indicated that the Jianfengling tropical mountain rain forest in Hainan,China,was either a source or a modest sink of carbon.Overall,this forest was a small carbon sink with an accumulation rate of(0.56±0.22) Mg C ha-1yr-1,integrated from the long-term measurement data of two plots(P9201 and P8302).These findings were similar to those for African and American rain forests((0.62±0.23) Mg C ha-1yr-1).The carbon density varied between(201.43±29.38) Mg C ha-1 and(229.16±39.2) Mg C ha-1,and averaged(214.17±32.42) Mg C ha-1 for plot P9201.Plot P8302,however,varied between(223.95±45.92) Mg C ha-1 and(254.85±48.86) Mg C ha-1,and averaged(243.35±47.64) Mg C ha-1.Quadratic relationships were found between the strength of carbon sequestration and heavy rainstorms and dry months.Precipitation and evapotranspiration are two major factors controlling carbon sequestration in the tropical mountain rain forest. | CHEN DeXiang1*,LI YiDe1,LIU HePing2,XU Han1,XIAO WenFa3,LUO TuShou1,ZHOU Zhang4 & LIN MingXian1 1Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou 510520,China 2Department of Physics,Atmospheric Science and Geoscience,Jackson State University,MS 39217,USA 3Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China 4Department of Ecology,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100872,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 20 |
| 15 | Fractionation of heavy metals in shallow marine sediments from Jinzhou Bay,China显示文摘This work investigated the distribution and speciation of Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn in the shallow sediments of Jinzhou Bay, Northeast China, which has been heavily contaminated by nonferrous smelting activities. The concentrations of Cd, Cu and Pb in sediments were found to be 100, 13 and 7 times, respectively, being higher than the national guideline (GB 18668-2002). Sequential extraction test showed that 39%-61% of Cd were exchangeable fractions, indicating that Cd in the sediments posed a high risk to local environments. While Cu and Pb were at moderate risk levels. According to the relationships between percentage of metal speciation and total metal concentration, it was concluded that the distributions of Cd, Cu and Pb in some geochemical fractions were dynamic in the process of pollutants migration and the stability of metals in sediments of Jinzhou Bay decreased in the order of Pb > Cu > Cd. | Shaofeng Wang, Yongfeng Jia, Shuying Wang, Xin Wang, He Wang, Zhixi Zhao, Bingzhu LiuKey Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China. | 2010 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2010，22，1： | 20 |
| 16 | The precipitation strengthening behavior of Cu-rich phase in Nb contained advanced Fe-Cr-Ni type austenitic heat resistant steel for USC power plant application | Cheng-yu Chi a, Hong-yao Yu b, Jian-xin Dong b, Wen-qing Liu c, Shi-chang Cheng d, Zheng-dong Liu d, Xi-shan Xie b a School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China b School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China c Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China d Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China | 2012 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2012，22，3： | 20 |
| 17 | Transformation of Compound K from Saponins in Leaves of Panax notoginseng by Immobilized β-Glucanase显示文摘Objective To prepare an active anti-tumor component,compound K(C-K),from saponins in leaves of Panax notoginseng(SLPN) using immobilized β-glucanase.Methods Two entrapments,alginate gel-1(Alg 1) and alginate gel-2(Alg 2),were evaluated for their ability to immobilize β-glucanase.The amount and purity of C-K obtained from the transformation process were analyzed by HPLC,and the immobilizing parameters were optimized.Results β-Glucanase can be immobilized and reused with either of the entrapment.However,using Alg 1 resulted in higher enzyme activity than Alg 2.The optimal concentration of the immobilized enzyme was 10%;The optimal crosslinking time was 4-6 h;and the optimal concentration of the crosslinking agent was 6%- 7%.Conclusion Immobilized β-glucanase shows sustained enzyme activity,good ethanol tolerance,and was reusable for the preparation of C-K from SLPN. | DONG Hui-juan1,2,JIANG Bin-hui3,HAN Ying3,GENG Yong1,ZHAO Yu-qing4 1.Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China 2.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China 3.School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110004,China 4.Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,Shenyang 110016,China | 2010 | Chinese Herbal Medicines2010，2，1： | 20 |
| 18 | Compound contamination and secondary ecological effects of Cd and As in soil-alfalfa ecosystems显示文摘CompoundcontaminationandsecondaryecologicaleffectsofCdandAsinsoil-alfalfaecosystems(ZhouQixing;GaoZhengmin)(InstituteofApplie... | Zhou Qixing Gao Zhengmin(Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese academy of Sciences),Shenyang 10015,China) | 1994 | Journal of Environmental Sciences1994，6，3： | 20 |
| 19 | Ecological response to the climate change on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang显示文摘The Tianshan Mountains is a high and huge mountain body lying across the central part of Xinjiang, China, and is also the main area where the runoff forms in Xinjiang. In this paper, a set of RS-based study methods is put forward for deriving the information about the natural change of the ecology in arid areas, and the relationship between the climate change trend and the corresponding ecological response on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 40 years is analyzed from the scales of the land cover ecosystems and landscapes based on the observed data of climate, hydrology, modern glaciers and lakes on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 40 years and the satellite RS data since recent 10 years by using the RS and GIS technologies. The results are as follows: (1) The overall trend of climate change on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains since recent 40 years is that both air temperature and precipitation are increased, especially the increase amplitudes of air tempera-ture, precipitation and annual runoff volume are high since the decade of the 1990s; (2) the in-tegrated indexes of the vegetation in all the geographical divisions on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are obviously increased since recent 10 years, especially in the artificial oases and the foothill belts, such a change trend is advantageous for improving the vegetation ecology; and (3) the vegetation ecology in the arid areas is extremely sensitive to the climate change, the vegetation coverage and the biomass on the northern slope of the Tianshan Moun-tains are continuously increased because of the climate change since recent 10 years, their in-crease amplitudes in the plains and during the late stage are obviously higher than that in the mountainous regions and during the early stage. | CHEN Xi1, LUO Geping1, XIA Jun2, ZHOU Kefa1, LOU Shaoping3 & YE Minquan4 1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China 2. Institute of Geographical and Resources Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 3. Urumqi Meteorological-satellite Land Station, Urumqi 830011, China 4. Seismological Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urümqi 830011, China Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Xi | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，6： | 19 |
| 20 | Changes in individual plant traits and biomass allocation in alpine meadow with elevation variation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau显示文摘Plant traits and individual plant biomass allocation of 57 perennial herbaceous species,belonging to three common functional groups (forbs,grasses and sedges) at subalpine (3700 m ASL),alpine (4300 m ASL) and subnival (≥5000 m ASL) sites were examined to test the hypothesis that at high altitudes,plants reduce the proportion of aboveground parts and allocate more biomass to belowground parts,especially storage organs,as altitude increases,so as to geminate and resist environmental stress.However,results indicate that some divergence in biomass allocation exists among organs.With increasing altitude,the mean fractions of total biomass allocated to aboveground parts decreased.The mean fractions of total biomass allocation to storage organs at the subalpine site (7%±2% S.E.) were distinct from those at the alpine (23%±6%) and subnival (21%±6%) sites,while the proportions of green leaves at all altitudes remained almost constant.At 4300 m and 5000 m,the mean fractions of flower stems decreased by 45% and 41%,respectively,while fine roots increased by 86% and 102%,respectively.Specific leaf areas and leaf areas of forbs and grasses deceased with rising elevation,while sedges showed opposite trends.For all three functional groups,leaf area ratio and leaf area root mass ratio decreased,while fine root biomass increased at higher altitudes.Biomass allocation patterns of alpine plants were characterized by a reduction in aboveground reproductive organs and enlargement of fine roots,while the proportion of leaves remained stable.It was beneficial for high altitude plants to compensate carbon gain and nutrient uptake under low temperature and limited nutrients by stabilizing biomass investment to photosynthetic structures and increasing the absorption surface area of fine roots.In contrast to forbs and grasses that had high mycorrhizal infection,sedges had higher single leaf area and more root fraction,especially fine roots. | MA WeiLing1,2,SHI PeiLi1*,LI WenHua1,HE YongTao1,ZHANG XianZhou1,SHEN ZhenXi1 & CHAI SiYue1,2 1Lhasa National Ecological Research Station,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China 2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，9： | 19 |
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