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| 1 | Conduit necrosis following esophagectomy: An up-to-date literature review显示文摘Esophageal conduit ischaemia and necrosis is an uncommon but devastating complication of esophagectomy and remains one of the most challenging issues in surgical practice. The incidence, time interval to develop symptoms, and clinical presentation are highly variable with no predictable pattern. Evidence comes from case reports and case series rather than randomized controlled trials.We describe the issues surrounding conduit necrosis affecting the stomach,jejunum and colon as an esophageal replacement and the advantages,disadvantages and challenges of each type of reconstruction. Diagnosis is challenging for the most experienced surgeon. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and computed tomography thorax with both oral and intravenous contrast is the gold standard. Management, either conservative or interventional is also a difficult decision. Management options include conservative treatment and more aggressive treatments such as stent insertion, surgical debridement and repair of the esophagus using jejunum, colon or a musculocutaneous flap. In spite of recent advances in surgical techniques, there is no reliable strategy to manage esophageal conduit necrosis. Our review covers the pathophysiology and clinical significance of esophageal necrosis while highlighting current techniques of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this life-threatening condition. | Antonios Athanasiou Mairead Hennessy Eleftherios Spartalis Benjamin H L Tan Ewen A Griffiths | 2019 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2019，11，3： | 2 |
| 2 | Medicine prices, availability, and affordability in 36 developing and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis显示文摘 | A Cameron M Ewen D Ross-Degnan D Ball R Laing | 2009 | 2009 (9659)2009，，9659： | 2 |
| 3 | Essential medicines are more available than other medicines around the globe 显示文摘 | Bazargani YT Ewen M De Boer A | 2014 | PLoS One2014，9，87： | 1 |
| 4 | Syndiospecific propylene polymerizations with group 4 metallocenes显示文摘 | Ewen J A Jones R L Razavi A | 1988 | J Am Chem Soc1988，110，18： | 1 |
| 5 | Chronic psychosocial stress causes apical dendritic atrophy of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in subordinate tree shrews显示文摘 | Magarinos A M Mc Ewen B S Flugge G | 1996 | Neuroscience1996，16，10： | 1 |
| 6 | Toxic effectcs of deoxynivalenol on ribosomes and tissues of the spring wheat cultivars Frontana and Casavant显示文摘 | Miller J D Ewen M A | 1997 | Natural Toxins1997，5，： | 1 |
| 7 | Assessment of 115 Candidate Genes for Diabetic Nephropathy by Transmission/Disequilibrium Test显示文摘 | Ewens KG George R A Sharma K | | 0，，11： | 1 |
| 8 | How students experience professional social-ization显示文摘 | Howkins E Ewens A | 1990 | Int J Nurs Stud1990，36，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Cost-effectiveness of infliximab for the treatment of active and progressive psoriatic arthritis显示文摘 | Ewen C Christian A Yogesh SP | 2011 | Value in Health2011，14，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Increasing NADH oxidation reduces overflow metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae显示文摘 | Vemuri G N Eiteman M A Mc Ewen J E | 2007 | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2007，104，7： | 1 |
| 11 | Vascular calcification does not predict anastomotic leak or conduit necrosis following oesophagectomy显示文摘BACKGROUND Anastomotic leaks(AL)and gastric conduit necrosis(CN)are serious complications following oesophagectomy.Some studies have suggested that vascular calcification may be associated with an increased AL rate,but this has not been validated in a United Kingdom population.AIM To investigate whether vascular calcification identified on the pre-operative computed tomography(CT)scan is predictive of AL or CN.METHODS Routine pre-operative CT scans of 414 patients who underwent oesophagectomy for malignancy with oesophagogastric anastomosis at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham between 2006 and 2018 were retrospectively analysed.Calcification of the proximal aorta,distal aorta,coeliac trunk and branches of the coeliac trunk was scored by two reviewers.The relationship between these calcification scores and occurrence of AL and CN was then analysed.The Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group definition of AL and CN was used.RESULTS Complication data were available in n=411 patients,of whom 16.7%developed either AL(15.8%)or CN(3.4%).Rates of AL were significantly higher in female patients,at 23.0%,compared to 13.9%in males(P=0.047).CN was significantly more common in females,(8.0%vs 2.2%,P=0.014),patients with diabetes(10.6%vs 2.5%,P=0.014),a history of smoking(10.3%vs 2.3%,P=0.008),and a higher American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade(P=0.024).Out of the 14 conduit necroses,only 4 occurred without a concomitant AL.No statistically significant association was found between calcification of any of the vessels studied and either of these outcomes.Multivariable analyses were then performed to identify whether a combination of the calcification scores could be identified that would be significantly predictive of any of the outcomes.However,the stepwise approach did not select any factors for inclusion in the final models.The analysis was repeated for composite outcomes of those patients with either AL or CN(n=69,16.7%)and for those with both AL and CN(n=10,2.4%)and again,no significant associations were detected.In the subset of patients that developed these outcomes,no significant associations were detected between calcification and the severity of the complication.CONCLUSION Calcification scoring was not significantly associated with Anastomotic Leak or CN in our study,therefore should not be used to identify patients who are high risk for these complications. | Benjamin J Jefferies Emily Evans James Bundred James Hodson John L Whiting Colm Forde Ewen A Griffiths | 2019 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2019，11，7： | 1 |
| 12 | Fit for purpose:does specialist community nurse education prepare nurses for practice?显示文摘 | EWENS A HOWINS E MCCLURE L | 2001 | Nurs Educ Today2001，21，2： | 1 |
| 13 | How students experience professional socialization显示文摘 | Howkins E Ewens A | 1999 | Inter J Nurs Studies1999，36，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Prices & availability of common medicines at six sites in india using a standard methodology显示文摘 | Kotwani A Ewen M Dey D | 2007 | Indian Journal of Medical Research2007，125，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Relationship between survival and binding of plant lectins during small intestinal passage and their effectiveness as growth factors显示文摘 | PUSZTAI A EWEN S W GRANT G | 1990 | Digestion1990，46，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Medicine prices, availability, and affordability in 36 developing and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis显示文摘 | A Cameron M Ewen D Ross-Degnan D Ball R Laing | 2009 | The Lancet2009，，9659： | 1 |
| 17 | Effect of diets containing genetically modified potatoes expressing galanthus nivalis lectin on rat small intestine显示文摘 | Ewen S W Pusztai A | 1999 | Lancet1999，354，9187： | 1 |
| 18 | Effect of diets containing genetically modified potatoes expressing Galanthus nivalis lectine on rats small intestine 显示文摘 | Ewen S W B Pusztai A | 1999 | The LANECT1999，354，： | 1 |
| 19 | How Students Experience Professional Socialization显示文摘 | Howkins E J Ewens A | 1999 | Int J Nurs Stud1999，36，1： | 1 |
| 20 | The history ol bio- logical control with Nosema locustae Lessons for locust management显示文摘 | Dunn P I- Mechalas B J Ewen A B | 1999 | Insect Sci Applic1999，19，4： | 1 |
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