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| 1 | Nrf2 and Snail-1 in the prevention of experimental liver fibrosis by caffeine显示文摘AIM:To determine the molecular mechanisms involved in experimental hepatic fibrosis prevention by caffeine(CFA).METHODS:Liver fibrosis was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal thioacetamide or bile duct ligation and they were concomitantly treated with CFA(15 mg/kg per day).Fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltrate were evaluated and classified by Knodell index.Inflammatory infiltrate was quantified by immunohistochemistry(anti-CD11b).Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for collagenⅠ?(Col-1),connective tissue growth factor(CTGF),transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1),tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1(IL-1),IL-6,superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT).Activation of Nrf2 and Snail-1 was analyzed by Westernblot.TNF-αexpression was proved by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay,CAT activity was performed by zymography.RESULTS:CFA treatment diminished fibrosis index in treated animals.The Knodell index showed both lower fibrosis and necroinflammation.Expression of profibrogenic genes CTGF,Col-1 and TGF-β1 and proinflammatory genes TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1 was substantially diminished with CFA treatment with less CD11b positive areas.Significantly lower values of transcriptional factor Snail-1 were detected in CFA treated rats compared with cirrhotic rats without treatment;in contrast Nrf2was increased in the presence of CFA.Expression of SOD and CAT was greater in animals treated with CFA showing a strong correlation between mRNA expression and enzyme activity.CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that CFA inhibits the transcriptional factor Snail-1,down-regulating profibrogenic genes,and activates Nrf2 inducing antioxidant enzymes system,preventing inflammation and fibrosis. | Daniela Gordillo-Bastidas Edén Oceguera-Contreras Adriana Salazar-Montes Jaime González-Cuevas Luis Daniel Hernández-Ortega Juan Armendáriz-Borunda | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，47： | 7 |
| 2 | Gastro-duodenal disease in Africa: Literature review and clinical data from Accra, Ghana显示文摘Gastroduodenal disease(GDD)was initially thought to be uncommon in Africa.Amongst others,lack of access to optimal health infrastructure and suspicion of conventional medicine resulted in the reported prevalence of GDD being significantly lower than that in other areas of the world.Following the increasing availability of flexible upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy,it has now become apparent that GDD,especially peptic ulcer disease(PUD),is prevalent across the continent of Africa.Recognised risk factors for gastric cancer(GCA)include Helicobater pylori(H.pylori),diet,Epstein-Barr virus infection and industrial chemical exposure,while those for PUD are H.pylori,non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug(NSAID)-use,smoking and alcohol consumption.Of these,H.pylori is generally accepted to be causally related to the development of atrophic gastritis(AG),intestinal metaplasia(IM),PUD and distal GCA.Here,we perform a systematic review of the patterns of GDD across Africa obtained with endoscopy,and complement the analysis with new data obtained on premalignant gastric his-topathological lesions in Accra,Ghana which was compared with previous data from Maputo,Mozambique.As there is a general lack of structured cohort studies in Africa,we also considered endoscopy-based hospital or tertiary centre studies of symptomatic individuals.In Africa,there is considerable heterogeneity in the prevalence of PUD with no clear geographical patterns.Furthermore,there are differences in PUD within-country despite universally endemic H.pylori infection.PUD is not uncommon in Africa.Most of the African tertiary-centre studies had higher prevalence of PUD when compared with similar studies in western countries.An additional intriguing observation is a recent,ongoing decline in PUD in some African countries where H.pylori infection is still high.One possible reason for the high,sustained prevalence of PUD may be the significant use of NSAIDs in local or over-the-counter preparations.The prevalence of AG and IM,were similar or modestly higher over rates in western countries but lower than those seen in Asia..In our new data,sampling of 136 patients in Accra detected evidence of pre-malignant lesions(AG and/or IM)in 20 individuals(14.7%).Likewise,the prevalence of pre-malignant lesions,in a sample of 109 patients from Maputo,were 8.3%AG and 8.3%IM.While H.pylori is endemic in Africa,the observed prevalence for GCA is rather low.However,cancer data is drawn from country cancer registries that are not comprehensive due to considerable variation in the availability of efficient local cancer reporting systems,diagnostic health facilities and expertise.Validation of cases and their source as well as specificity of outcome definitions are not explicit in most studies further contributing to uncertainty about the precise incidence rates of GCA on the continent.We conclude that evidence is still lacking to support(or not)the African enigma theory due to inconsistencies in the data that indicate a particularly low incidence of GDD in African countries. | Timothy N Archampong Richard H Asmah Cathy J Richards Vicki J Martin Christopher D Bayliss Edília Botao Leonor David Sandra Beleza Carla Carrilho | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，26： | 3 |
| 3 | 巨噬细胞中缺氧诱导因子1α表达促进动脉粥样硬化的发展显示文摘粥样硬化病变包含缺氧区域,但缺氧病理生理的重要性未知。缺氧诱导因子1a(hypoxia-induciblefactor-1α,HIF-1α)是细胞对低氧反应的关键转录因子。研究人员对HIF-1α在巨噬细胞促进小鼠动脉粥样硬化的生物学效应方面进行调查和验证。 | 刘莉 叶鹏 Aarup A Pedersen TX Junker N Christoffersen C Bartels ED Madsen M Nielsen CH Nielsen LB | 2016 | 中华高血压杂志2016，24，9： | 3 |
| 4 | Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance显示文摘 | Houstis N Rosen ED Lander ES | 2006 | Nature2006，440，7086： | 1 |
| 5 | Up-re- gulation of the parathyroid calcium-sensing receptor after bum injury in sheep:a potential contributoryfactor to postburn hypocalcemia显示文摘 | Murphey ED Chattopadhyay N Bai M | 2000 | Crit Care Med2000，28，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance 显示文摘 | Houstis N Rosen ED Lander ES | 2006 | Nature2006，440，7086： | 1 |
| 7 | Increased miR-146a in gastric cancer directly targets SMAD4 and is involved in modulating cell prolifera- tion and apoptosis显示文摘 | Xiao B Zhu ED Li N | 2012 | Oncol Rep2012，27，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Lymphedema:knowledge,treatment and impact among breast cancer survivors显示文摘 | Stark N | 2000 | Breast J2000，6，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Comparison of conven- tional and miniemulsion copolymerizations of acrylic monomers using poly(vinyl alcohol) as the sole stabilizer显示文摘 | Kim N Sudol ED Dimonie VL EI-Aasser MS | 2004 | Macromolecules2004，37，： | 1 |
| 10 | Fear appeal messages affect accessibility of attitudes toward the threat and adaptive behaviors显示文摘 | Roskos ED Yu J Rhodes N | 2004 | Communication Monographs2004，71，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Hippocampal a7 and a4b2 nicotinic receptors and working memory显示文摘 | Levin ED Bradley A Addy N | 2002 | Neuroscience2002，109，： | 1 |
| 12 | Predicting adaptive performance:Further tests of a model of adaptability显示文摘 | Pulakos ED Schmitt N Dorsey DW | 2002 | Hu- man Performance2002，，15： | 1 |
| 13 | Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance显示文摘 | Houstis N Rosen ED Lander ES | 2006 | Nature2006，440，： | 1 |
| 14 | Immuno- tolerogenic functions of HLA - G : relevance in transplantation and oncology 显示文摘 | LeMaoult J Rouas- Freiss N Carosella ED | 2005 | Autoimmunity Rev2005，4，8： | 1 |
| 15 | Beyond the increasing complexity of the immunomodulatory HLA-G molecule显示文摘 | Carosella ED Favier B Rouas-Freiss N | 2008 | Blood2008，111，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Hippocampal α7 and α4β2 nicotinic receptors and working memory显示文摘 | Levin ED Bradley A Addy N | 2002 | Neuroscience2002，109，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Beyond the in- creasing complexity of the immunomodulatory HLA - G molecule 显示文摘 | Carosella ED Favier B Rouas - Freiss N | 2008 | Blood2008，111，10： | 1 |
| 18 | HLA-G: an immune checkpoint molecule显示文摘 | Carosella ED Rouas-Freiss N Roux DT | 2015 | Adv Immunol2015，127，： | 1 |
| 19 | HLA-G5 expression by trophoblast cells:the facts显示文摘 | Rouas-Freiss N Carosella ED | 2005 | Mol Hum Reprod2005，11，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Analysis of joint angle-frequency estimation using ESPRIT 显示文摘 | Aweke N Lemma Alle-Jan van der Veen Ed F Deprettere | 2003 | IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing2003，51，5： | 1 |
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