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| 1 | Portal vein thrombosis:Insight into physiopathology,diagnosis,and treatment显示文摘Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a relatively common complication in patients with liver cirrhosis, but might also occur in absence of an overt liver disease. Several causes, either local or systemic, might play an important role in PVT pathogenesis. Frequently, more than one risk factor could be identified; however, occasionally no single factor is discernable. Clinical examination, laboratory investigations, and imaging are helpful to provide a quick diagnosis, as prompt treatment might greatly affect a patient's outcome. In this review, we analyze the physiopathological mechanisms of PVT development, together with the hemodynamic and functional alterations related to this condition. Moreover, we describe the principal factors most frequently involved in PVT development and the recent knowledge concerning diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Finally, we analyze the implications of PVT in the setting of liver transplantation and its possible influence on patients' future prognoses. | Francesca R Ponziani Maria A Zocco Chiara Campanale Emanuele Rinninella Annalisa Tortora Luca Di Maurizio Giuseppe Bombardieri Raimondo De Cristofaro Anna M De Gaetano Raffaele Landolfi Antonio Gasbarrini | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，2： | 75 |
| 2 | Measurement of calprotectin in ascitic fluid to identify elevated polymorphonuclear cell count显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic capability of calprotectin in ascitic fluid for detecting a polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count > 250/μL ascites. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, a total of 130 ascites samples were analysed from 71 consecutive patients referred for paracentesis. Total and differential leukocyte cell counts were determined manually with a Neubauer chamber and gentianviolet stain. Calprotectin was measured in 1 mL ascetic fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a point-of-care (POC) lateral flow assay with the Quantum Blue Reader (Bühlmann Laboratories). All measurements were carried out in a central laboratory by senior personnel blinded to patient history. A PMN count > 250/μL was the primary endpoint of the study. The diagnostic value of ascitic calprotectin measurement was assessed by comparing to the final diagnosis of each patient that had been adjudicated by investigators blinded to calprotectin values. RESULTS: The PMN count was > 250/μL in 19 samples (14.6%) from 15 patients (21.1%) and varied widely among the study population (range 10-19 800/mL and 1-17 820/mL, respectively). Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) was the final diagnosis in four patients (5.6%). All patients with PMN ≤ 250/μL had negative bacterial culture. PMN count was elevated in five patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, three with lymphoma, one with neuroendocrine carcinoma, and two with secondary peritonitis due to abdominal perforation. PMN cell counts correlated with ascitic calprotectin values (Spearman's rho; r = 0.457 for ELISA, r = 0.473 for POC). A considerable range of ascitic calprotectin concentrations was detected by ELISA [median 0.43 μg/mL, interquartile range (IQR) 0.23-1.23 (range 0.10-14.93)] and POC [median 0.38 μg/mL, IQR 0.38-0.56 (range 0.38-13.31)]. Ascitic calprotectin levels were higher in samples with PMN > 250/μL, by both ELISA [median (IQR) 2.48 μg/mL (1.61-3.65) vs 0.10 μg/mL (0.10-0.36), P < 0.001] and POC [2.78 μg/mL (2.05-5.37) vs 0.38 μg/mL (0.38-0.41), P < 0.001]. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for identifying an elevated PMN count was 0.977 (95%CI: 0.933 to 0.995) for ELISA and 0.982 (95%CI: 0.942 to 0.997) for POC (P = 0.246 vs ELISA). Using the optimal cut-off value for ELISA (0.63 μg/mL), ascitic calprotectin had 94.8% sensitivity, 89.2% specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios of 8.76 and 0.06 respectively, positive and negative predictive values of 60.0% and 99.0% respectively, and 90.0% overall accuracy. Using the optimal cut-off value for POC (0.51 μg/mL), the respective values were 100.0%, 84.7%, 6.53, 0.00, 52.8%, 100% and 87.7%. Correlation between ELISA and POC was excellent (r = 0.873, P < 0.001). The mean ± SD of the difference was -0.11 ± 0.48 μg/mL with limits of agreement of + 0.8 μg/mL (95%CI: 0.69 to 0.98) and -1.1 μg/mL (95%CI: -1.19 to -0.91). CONCLUSION: Ascitic calprotectin reliably predicts PMN count > 250/μL, which may prove useful in the diagnosis of SBP, especially with a readily available bedside testing device. | Emanuel Burri Felix Schulte Jürgen Muser Rémy Meier Christoph Beglinger | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，13： | 10 |
| 3 | Antibacterial action of amphoteric and cationic biopolymers显示文摘 | Muzzarelli RAA Tarsi R Emanuell M | 1987 | Prod Chim Aerosol Sel1987，28，： | 2 |
| 4 | Soil carbon pools and world life zones显示文摘 | POST W M EMANUEL W R ZINKE P J | 1982 | Nature1982，298，： | 1 |
| 5 | Some radar imagery results using supper resolution technique显示文摘 | EMANUEL R FELIX COSTINEL T | 2004 | IEEE Trans on Antennas and Propagation2004，52，5： | 1 |
| 6 | The global carbon cycle 显示文摘 | PENG T-H EMANUEL W R | 1990 | Am Sci1990，78，： | 1 |
| 7 | A search of the missing carbon sink:a model of terrestrial biospheric response to landuse change and atmospheric CO2显示文摘 | King A W Emanuel W R Wullschleger S D and Post W M | 1995 | Tellus1995，47，： | 1 |
| 8 | Soil carbon pools and world life zones显示文摘 | Post W M Emanuel W R Zinke P | 1982 | Nature1982，298，8： | 1 |
| 9 | Soil carbon pool and world life zone显示文摘 | Post W M Emanuel W R Zinke P J | 1982 | Nature1982，298，： | 1 |
| 10 | Projecting future concentrations of atmospheric CO2 with global carbon cycle models:the importance of simulating historical changes显示文摘 | King A W Emanuel W R Post W M | 1992 | Environment management1992，16，： | 1 |
| 11 | The effect of heat and fight on the composition of some volatile compounds in wine 显示文摘 | D'AURIA M EMANUELE L RACIOPPI R | 2009 | Food Chemistry2009，117，1： | 1 |
| 12 | The global carbon cycle显示文摘 | Post W M Peng T H Emanuel W R | 1990 | American Scientist1990，78，： | 1 |
| 13 | Soil pool and world life zones 显示文摘 | Post W M Emanuel W R Zinke P J | 1982 | Nature1982，298，： | 1 |
| 14 | Soil carbon pools and world life zones 显示文摘 | POST W M EMANUEL W R | 1982 | Nature1982，298，： | 1 |
| 15 | Kinetic Model and Computer Simulation for a pulsed DF-CO2 Chemical Transfer Laser显示文摘 | Kerber R L Cohen N Emanuel G | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 16 | Effects of a new multielement buffer on production,ruminal environment,and blood minerals of lactating dairy cow显示文摘 | Emanuele S M Ventura M | 1988 | J Dairy Sci1988，71，： | 1 |
| 17 | Soil car- bon pools and world life zones 显示文摘 | Post W M Emanuel W R Zinke P J | 1982 | Nature1982，298，： | 1 |
| 18 | Soil carbon pools and world life zones显示文摘 | Post W M Emanuel W R | 1982 | Nature1982，298，： | 1 |
| 19 | Soil carbon pools and life zones显示文摘 | Emanuel W R Zinke P J | 1982 | Nature1982，298，： | 1 |
| 20 | Soil carbon pools and world life zones显示文摘 | Post W M Emanuel W R Zinke P J | 1982 | Nature1982，298，2： | 1 |
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