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| 1 | Subcurative radiation significantly increases cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary glioblastoma multiforme in vivo显示文摘Tumor cell proliferation, infiltration, migration, and neovascularization are known causes of treatment resistance in glioblastoma multiforme(GBM). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radiation on the growth characteristics of primary human GBM developed in a nude rat. Primary GBM cells grown from explanted GBM tissues were implanted orthotopically in nude rats. Tumor growth was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging on day 77(baseline) after implantation. The rats underwent irradiation to a dose of 50 Gy delivered subcuratively on day 84 postimplantation(n = 8), or underwent no radiation(n = 8). Brain tissues were obtained on day 112(nonirradiated) or day 133(irradiated). Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine tumor cell proliferation(Ki-67) and to assess the expression of infiltration marker(matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-2) and cell migration marker(CD44). Tumor neovascularization was assessed by microvessel density using von-Willebrand factor(vWF) staining. Magnetic resonance imaging showed well-developed, infiltrative tumors in 11 weeks postimplantation. The proportion of Ki-67-positive cells in tumors undergoing radiation was(71 ± 15)% compared with(25 ± 12)% in the nonirradiated group(P = 0.02). The number of MMP-2-positive areas and proportion of CD44-positive cells were also high in tumors receiving radiation, indicating great invasion and infiltration. Microvessel density analysis did not show a significant difference between nonirradiated and irradiated tumors. Taken together, we found that subcurative radiation significantly increased proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary GBM. Our study provides insights into possible mechanisms of treatment resistance following radiation therapy for GBM. | Adarsh Shankar Sanath Kumar Asm Iskander Nadimpalli RS Varma Branislava Janic Ana deCarvalho Tom Mikkelsen Joseph A Frank Meser M Ali Robert A Knight Stephen Brown Ali S Arbab | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2014，33，3： | 5 |
| 2 | Immobilization increases the vulnerability of rabbit medial collateral ligament autografts to creep显示文摘 | Boorman RS Shrive NG Frank CB | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 3 | Morphometric evaluation of brain infracts in rats and gerbilc显示文摘 | Lundy EF Solik BS Frank Rs | 1986 | J Pharmacological Methods1986，16，： | 1 |
| 4 | Morphometric evaluation of brain infarcts in rats and gerbils 显示文摘 | Lundy EF Solik BS Frank RS | 1986 | J Pharmacol Methods1986，16，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Combination Angiostatin and endostatin gene transfer induces synergistic antiangiogenic activity in vitro and antitumor efficacy in leukemia and solid tumors in mice显示文摘 | Scappaticci RS Anjali P | 2001 | Molecular Therapy2001，2，： | 1 |
| 6 | Marihuana smoking and intraocular pressure显示文摘 | HEPLER RS FRANK IR | 1971 | J Am Med Assoc1971，217，10： | 1 |
| 7 | Morphometric evaluation of brain infracts in rats and gerbilc显示文摘 | Lundy EF Solik BS Frank Rs | 1986 | J Pharmacological Methods1986，16，3： | 1 |
| 8 | The apolipoprotein (a) gene resides on human chromosome 6q26-27,in close proximity to the homologous gene for plasminogen显示文摘 | Klisak I Sparkes RS | 1988 | Hum Genet1988，79，： | 1 |
| 9 | Using liquid chroma-tography-tandem mass spectrometry to quantify monohydrox-ylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in u-rine显示文摘 | Frank O Stephen MR Jon RS | 2009 | J Chromatography B2009，877，1112： | 1 |
| 10 | Morphometric evaluation of brain infarcts in rats and gerbils 显示文摘 | Lundy EF Solic BS Frank RS | 1986 | J Pharmacd Methods1986，16，： | 1 |
| 11 | Morphometric evaluation of brain infarcts in rats and gerbils 显示文摘 | Lundy EF Solik BS Frank RS | 1986 | J Pharmacol Methods1986，16，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Morphometric evaluation of brain infarcts in rats and gerbils显示文摘 | Lundy EF Solik BS Frank RS | 1986 | J Phamacol Method1986，16，： | 1 |
| 13 | Immunization of dogs and cats with a DNA vaccine against rabies virus显示文摘 | Osorio JE Tomlinson CC Frank RS | 1999 | Vaccine1999，17，910： | 1 |
| 14 | Morphometric evalu tion of brain infarcts in rats and gerbils显示文摘 | Lundy EF Solik BS Frank RS | 1986 | pharmacol methods1986，16，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Immunization of dogs and cats with a DNA vaccine against rabies virus显示文摘 | Osorio JE Tomlinson CC Frank RS | 1999 | Vaccine1999，17，910： | 1 |
| 16 | Morphometric evaluation of brain infarcts in rats and gerbils显示文摘 | Lundy EF Solik BS Frank RS | 1989 | J Pharmacol Methods1989，16，： | 1 |
| 17 | Morphometric evaluation of brain in-farcts in rats and gerbils 显示文摘 | Lundy EF Solik BS Frank RS | 1986 | J Pharmacol Methods1986，16，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Marihuana smoking and intraocularpressure显示文摘 | Hepler RS Frank IR | 1971 | JAMA1971，217，10： | 1 |
| 19 | Morphometric evaluation of brain infracts in rats and gerbilc显示文摘 | Solik BS Frank RS | 1986 | J Pharmacological Methods1986，16，： | 1 |
| 20 | Multidrug pump inhibitors uncover remarkable activity of plant antimicrobials 显示文摘 | George T Frank RS Olga L | 2002 | Antimicrob Agents Chemother2002，46，10： | 1 |
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