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| 1 | GRADE指南:Ⅰ.导论--GRADE证据概要表和结果总结表显示文摘本文是GRADE(Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation)系列文章的导论。该系列文章为使用GRADE系统提供指导,介绍如何将该系统用于系统评价、卫生技术评估(HTAs)及临床实践指南中备选方案的证据质量评价和推荐强度评级。GRADE方法始于提出一个明晰的问题,包括对所有重要结果的详细说明。证据被收集和汇总后,GRADE提供了明确的标准来评价其质量,包括研究设计、偏倚风险、不精确性、不一致性、间接性及效应量大小。根据支撑证据质量及备选方案带来的预期和非预期结果间的平衡情况,推荐强度以强/弱(或表述为'有条件的'/'任意的')作为特征。GRADE建议用简洁、透明、信息量丰富的结果总结表来汇总证据(以显示证据质量及每一重要结果的相对效应量和绝对效应量),和(或)以证据概要表形式额外提供证据质量评价理由的详细信息。本系列的后续文章涉及如何采用GRADE方法明确构建问题、评价证据质量及形成推荐意见。 | Gordon Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Elie Akl Regina Kunz Gunn Vist Jan Brozek Susan Norris Yngve Falck-Ytter Paul Glasziou Hans deBeer Roman Jaeschke David Rind Joerg Meerpohl Philipp Dahm Holger J.Schünemann GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 蒋兰慧 沈建通 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，4： | 205 |
| 2 | GRADE指南:Ⅱ.构建问题、确定重要结果显示文摘GRADE要求明确说明相关的背景、人群、干预措施和对照,同时要求不论研究结果能否形成证据,均需详述所有重要结果。对某一特定管理问题,人群、干预措施及结果应在不同研究间足够类似,才能认为得到相似的效应量合乎情理。指南制定者在收集证据前应先详细说明各结局的相对重要性,同样地,证据总结完成时也需要详细说明这一点。考虑到替代结局的重要性,对采用替代指标描述且对患者很重要的结局,作者应评估其重要性,并进而降低这种间接结果的证据质量等级。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Regina Kunz David Atkins Jan Brozek Gunn Vist Philip Alderson Paul Glasziou Yngve Falck-Ytter Holger J.Schünemann GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 陈群飞 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，4： | 40 |
| 3 | GRADE指南:Ⅶ.证据质量评价--不一致性显示文摘本文针对二分类变量结局指标相对(而非绝对)治疗效果的不一致性。证据本身不会因不同研究结果具有一致性而升级,但可能因不一致而降低质量级别。衡量一致性的标准包括点估计值的相似性、可信区间的重叠程度以及统计学判定标准包括异质性检验和I2。系统评价作者应提出并检验少数几个与患者、干预措施、结局指标以及方法学相关的先验假设以探寻异质性来源。当不一致性很大且无法解释时,因不一致性而降低质量级别是恰当的,特别当某些研究显示有显著益处而其他显示无益甚至有害时(而非仅是疗效大与疗效小的比较)。明显的亚组效应可能不可靠。如果亚组效应满足以下条件,其可信度将会增加:基于少数几个有具体方向的先验假设、亚组比较来自研究内而非研究间、交互检验的P值小、结果有生物学意义。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Regina Kunz James Woodcock Jan Brozek Mark Helfand Pablo Alonso-Coello Paul Glasziou Roman Jaeschke Elie A.Akl Susan Norris Gunn Vist Philipp Dahm Vijay K.Shukla Julian Higgins Yngve Falck-Ytter Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE小组 李幼平 杨晓妍 王莉 蔡羽嘉 陈群飞 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 33 |
| 4 | GRADE指南:Ⅸ.证据质量升级显示文摘证据质量升级的最常见原因是效应量大。当方法学严谨的观察性研究表明风险至少降低或增加2倍时,GRADE建议考虑将证据质量升高1级;当风险至少降低或增加5倍时,考虑将证据质量升高2级。当存在剂量-反应关系,或所有合理的混杂、偏倚会降低明显的治疗效应,或混杂、偏倚使得结果无效为假效应时,系统评价作者和指南制定者也可考虑升高证据质量。其他考虑因素包括起效迅速、潜在的疾病(状态)趋势以及间接证据。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Shahnaz Sultan Paul Glasziou Elie A.Akl Pablo Alonso-Coello David Atkins Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Victor Montori Roman Jaeschke David Rind Philipp Dahm Joerg Meerpohl Gunn Vist Elise Berliner Susan Norris Yngve Falck-Ytter M.Hassan Murad Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 李玲 王应强 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 22 |
| 5 | A dissipated energy comparison to evaluate fatigue resistance using 2-point bending显示文摘Fatigue is the main failure mode in pavement engineering.Typically,micro-cracks originate at the bottom of asphalt concrete layer due to horizontal tensile strains.Micro-cracks start to propagate towards the upper layers under repeated loading which can lead to pavement failure.Different methods are usually used to describe fatigue behavior in asphalt materials such as:phenomenological approach,fracture mechanics approach and dissipated energy approach.This paper presents a comparison of fatigue resistances calculated for different dissipated energy models using 2-point bending(2PB) at IFSTTAR in Nantes.2PB tests have been undertaken under different loading and environmental conditions in order to evaluate the properties of the mixtures(stiffness,dissipated energy,fatigue life and healing effect). | Cinzia Maggiore Gordon Airey Paul Marsac | 2014 | Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition)2014，1，1： | 16 |
| 6 | 诊断性试验和策略的证据质量和推荐强度的分级显示文摘GRADE系统能对诊断性试验或策略的证据质量和推荐强度进行分级。本文旨在阐释在此过程中如何考虑患者的重要结局, | Holger J Schünemann Andrew D Oxman Jan Brozek Paul Glasziou Roman Jaeschke Gunn E Vist John W Williams Jr Regina Kunz Jonathan Craig Victor M Montori Patrick Bossuyt Gordon H Guyatt 李晓 黄程 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，5： | 7 |
| 7 | Efficacy of boceprevir, an NS3 protease inhibitor, in combination with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C infection (SPRINT-1): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial显示文摘 | Paul Y Kwo Eric J Lawitz Jonathan McCone Eugene R Schiff John M Vierling David Pound Mitchell N Davis Joseph S Galati Stuart C Gordon Natarajan Ravendhran Lorenzo Rossaro Frank H Anderson Ira M Jacobson Raymond Rubin Kenneth Koury Lisa D Pedicone Clifford | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9742： | 3 |
| 8 | Label-retaining liver cancer cells are relatively resistant to sorafenib显示文摘 | Hong-Wu Xin Chenwi M Ambe Danielle M Hari Gordon W Wiegand Tyler C Miller Jin-Qiu Chen Andrew J Anderson Satyajit Ray John E Mullinax Tomotake Koizumi Russell C Langan Douglas Burka Michelle A Herrmann Paul K Goldsmith Alexander Stojadinovic Udo Rudloff S | 2013 | Gut2013，，12： | 2 |
| 9 | An Interferon-free Antiviral Regimen for HCV after Liver Transplantation显示文摘 | Paul Y. Kwo Parvez S. Mantry Eoin Coakley Helen S. Te Hugo E. Vargas Robert Brown Fredric Gordon Josh Levitsky Norah A. Terrault James R. Burton Wangang Xie Carolyn Setze Prajakta Badri Tami Pilot-Matias Regis A. Vilchez Xavier Forns | 2014 | The New England Journal of Medicine2014，，25： | 2 |
| 10 | Early Fluid Resuscitation Reduces Morbidity Among Patients With Acute Pancreatitis显示文摘 | Matthew G. Warndorf Jane T. Kurtzman Michael J. Bartel Mougnyan Cox Todd Mackenzie Sarah Robinson Paul R. Burchard Stuart R. Gordon Timothy B. Gardner | 2011 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2011，，8： | 1 |
| 11 | Loss of the sulfate transporter Sic13a4 in placenta causes severe fetal abnormalities and death in mice显示文摘 | Joanna Rakoczy Zhe Zhang Francis Gerard Bowling Paul Anthony Dawson David Gordon Simmons | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，11： | 1 |
| 12 | Diagnosis and Management of Partial Small Bowel Obstruction after Laparoscopic Antecolic Antegastric Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity显示文摘 | Minyoung Cho Lester Carrodeguas David Pinto Charles Lascano Flavia Soto Oliver Whipple Richard Gordon Conrad Simpfendorfer John Paul Gonzalvo Samuel Szomstein Raul J. Rosenthal | 2006 | Journal of the American College of Surgeons2006，，2： | 1 |
| 13 | A New Classification of Thoracolumbar Injuries: The Importance of Injury Morphology, the Integrity of the Posterior Ligamentous Complex, and Neurologic Status显示文摘 | Alexander R. Vaccaro Ronald A. Lehman R John Hurlbert Paul A. Anderson Mitchel Harris Rune Hedlund James Harrop Marcel Dvorak Kirkham Wood Michael G. Fehlings Charles Fisher Steven C. Zeiller D Greg Anderson Christopher M. Bono Gordon H. Stock Andrew K. B | 2005 | Spine2005，，20： | 1 |
| 14 | Alliances,networks and competitive strategy:Rethinking clusters of innovation显示文摘 | Tracy Paul Clark Gordon L | 2003 | Growth & Change2003，34，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Intranasal delivery: Physicochemical and therapeutic aspects显示文摘 | Henry R. Costantino Lisbeth Illum Gordon Brandt Paul H. Johnson Steven C. Quay | 2007 | International Journal of Pharmaceutics2007，，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Relationship between age, renal function and bone mineral density in the US population显示文摘 | Sidney Klawansky Eugene Komaroff Paul F. Cavanaugh David Y. Mitchell Matthew J. Gordon Janet E. Connelly Susan D. Ross | 2003 | Osteoporosis International2003，，7： | 1 |
| 17 | Role of Aberrant Sialylation of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Granulocytes on Binding and Signal Transduction by Chemotactic Peptides and Colony Stimulating Factors显示文摘 | Paul Cyopick Raymond Culliton Inka Brockhausen D. Robert Sutherland Gordon B. Mills Michael Baker | 1993 | Leukemia & Lymphoma (-)1993，，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Behavioral Changes in Transgenic Mice Expressing Both Amyloid Precursor Protein and Presenilin-1 Mutations: Lack of Association with Amyloid Deposits显示文摘 | Leigh A. Holcomb Marcia N. Gordon Paul Jantzen Karen Hsiao Karen Duff Dave Morgan | 1999 | Behavior Genetics1999，，3： | 1 |
| 19 | A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL TO EVALUATE METHODS OF POSTOPERATIVE CARE OF HYPOSPADIAS显示文摘 | GORDON McLORIE BYRON JOYNER DANIEL HERZ JACKIE McCALLUM DARIUS BAGLI PAUL MERGUERIAN ANTOINE KHOURY | 2001 | The Journal of Urology2001，，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Induction of tumor-specific T-cell responses by vaccination with tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cells in colorectal cancer patients with carcinoembryonic-antigen positive tumors显示文摘 | Ayala Tamir Ernesto Basagila Arash Kagahzian Long Jiao Steen Jensen Joanna Nicholls Paul Tate Gordon Stamp Farzin Farzaneh Phillip Harrison Hans Stauss Andrew J. T. George Nagy Habib Robert I. Lechler Giovanna Lombardi | 2007 | Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy2007，，12： | 1 |
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