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| 1 | Amino acids and mammary gland development:nutritional implications for milk production and neonatal growth显示文摘Milk is synthesized by mammary epithelial cel s of lactating mammals. The synthetic capacity of the mammary gland depends largely on the number and efficiency of functional mammary epithelial cel s. Structural development of the mammary gland occurs during fetal growth, prepubertal and post-pubertal periods, pregnancy, and lactation under the control of various hormones(particularly estrogen, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, progesterone, placental lactogen, and prolactin) in a species- and stage-dependent manner. Milk is essential for the growth, development, and health of neonates. Amino acids(AA), present in both free and peptide-bound forms, are the most abundant organic nutrients in the milk of farm animals. Uptake of AA from the arterial blood of the lactating dam is the ultimate source of proteins(primarily β-casein and α-lactalbumin) and bioactive nitrogenous metabolites in milk. Results of recent studies indicate extensive catabolism of branched-chain AA(leucine, isoleucine and valine) and arginine to synthesize glutamate,glutamine, alanine, aspartate, asparagine, proline, and polyamines. The formation of polypeptides from AA is regulated not only by hormones(e.g., prolactin, insulin and glucocorticoids) and the rate of blood flow across the lactating mammary gland, but also by concentrations of AA, lipids, glucose, vitamins and minerals in the maternal plasma, as well as the activation of the mechanistic(mammalian) target rapamycin signaling by certain AA(e.g.,arginine, branched-chain AA, and glutamine). Knowledge of AA utilization(including metabolism) by mammary epithelial cells will enhance our fundamental understanding of lactation biology and has important implications for improving the efficiency of livestock production worldwide. | Reza Rezaei Zhenlong Wu Yongqing Hou Fuller W.Bazer Guoyao Wu | 2016 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2016，7，4： | 36 |
| 2 | Biochemical and physiological bases for utilization of dietary amino acids by young Pigs显示文摘Protein is quantitatively the most expensive nutrient in swine diets. Hence it is imperative to understand the physiological roles played by amino acids in growth, development, lactation, reproduction, and health of pigs to improve their protein nutrition and reduce the costs of pork production. Due to incomplete knowledge of amino acid biochemistry and nutrition, it was traditionally assumed that neonatal, post-weaning, growing-finishing, and gestating pigs could synthesize sufficient amounts of all 'nutritionally nonessential amino acids' (NEAA) to support maximum production performance. Therefore, over the past 50 years, much emphasis has been placed on dietary requirements of nutritionally essential amino acids as building blocks for tissue proteins. However, a large body of literature shows that NEAA, particularly glutamine, glutamate, arginine and proline regulate physiological functions via cell signaling pathways, such as mammalian target of rapamycin, AMP-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-related kinase, Jun kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and NEAA-derived gaseous molecules (e.g., nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide). Available evidence shows that under current feeding programs, only 70% and 55% of dietary amino acids are deposited as tissue proteins in 14-day-old sow-reared piglets and in 30-day-old pigs weaned at 21 days of age, respectively. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the roles and dietary requirements of NEAA in swine nutrition. This review highlights the basic biochemistry and physiology of absorption and utilization of amino acids in young pigs to enhance the efficacy of utilization of dietary protein and to minimize excretion of nitrogenous wastes from the body. | Reza Rezaei Weiwei Wang Zhenlong Wu Zhaolai Dai Junjun Wang Guoyao Wu | 2013 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2013，4，2： | 22 |
| 3 | Protein hydrolysates in animal nutrition:Industrial production, bioactive peptides,and functional significance显示文摘Recent years have witnessed growing interest in the role of peptides in animal nutrition. Chemical, enzymatic, or microbial hydrolysis of proteins in animal by-products or plant-source feedstuffs before feeding is an attractive means of generating high-quality small or large peptides that have both nutritional and physiological or regulatory functions in livestock, poultry and fish. These peptides may also be formed from ingested proteins in the gastrointestinal tract, but the types of resultant peptides can vary greatly with the physiological conditions of the animals and the composition of the diets. In the small intestine, large peptides are hydrolyzed to small peptides,which are absorbed into enterocytes faster than free amino acids(AAs) to provide a more balanced pattern of AAs in the blood circulation. Some peptides of plant or animal sources also have antimicrobial, antioxidant,antihypertensive, and immunomodulatory activities. Those peptides which confer biological functions beyond their nutritional value are called bioactive peptides. They are usually 2–20 AA residues in length but may consist of >20AA residues. Inclusion of some(e.g. 2–8%) animal-protein hydrolysates(e.g., porcine intestine, porcine mucosa,salmon viscera, or poultry tissue hydrolysates) or soybean protein hydrolysates in practical corn-and soybean mealbased diets can ensure desirable rates of growth performance and feed efficiency in weanling pigs, young calves,post-hatching poultry, and fish. Thus, protein hydrolysates hold promise in optimizing the nutrition of domestic and companion animals, as well as their health(particularly gut health) and well-being. | Yongqing Hou Zhenlong Wu Zhaolai Dai Genhu Wang Guoyao Wu | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，3： | 22 |
| 4 | Dietary requirements of synthesizable amino acids by animals:a paradigm shift in protein nutrition显示文摘Amino acids are building blocks for proteins in all animals.Based on growth or nitrogen balance,amino acids were traditionally classified as nutritionally essential or nonessential for mammals,birds and fish.It was assumed that all the 'nutritionally nonessential amino acids(NEAA)' were synthesized sufficiently in the body to meet the needs for maximal growth and optimal health.However,careful analysis of the scientific literature reveals that over the past century there has not been compelling experimental evidence to support this assumption.NEAA(e.g.,glutamine,glutamate,proline,glycine and arginine) play important roles in regulating gene expression,cell signaling,antioxidative responses,fertility,neurotransmission,and immunity.Additionally,glutamate,glutamine and aspartate are major metabolic fuels for the small intestine to maintain its digestive function and to protect the integrity of the intestinal mucosa.Thus,diets for animals must contain all NEAA to optimize their survival,growth,development,reproduction,and health.Furthermore,NEAA should be taken into consideration in revising the 'ideal protein' concept that is currently used to formulate swine and poultry diets.Adequate provision of all amino acids(including NEAA) in diets enhances the efficiency of animal production.In this regard,amino acids should not be classified as nutritionally essential or nonessential in animal or human nutrition.The new Texas A&M University's optimal ratios of dietary amino acids for swine and chickens are expected to beneficially reduce dietary protein content and improve the efficiency of their nutrient utilization,growth,and production performance. | Guoyao Wu | 2015 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2015，6，1： | 18 |
| 5 | Autophagy and tight junction proteins in the intestine and intestinal diseases显示文摘The intestinal epithelium(IE) forms an indispensible barrier and interface between the intestinal interstitium and the luminal environment. The IE regulates water, ion and nutrient transport while providing a barrier against toxins, pathogens(bacteria, fungi and virus) and antigens. The apical intercellular tight junctions(TJ) are responsible for the paracellular barrier function and regulate transepithelial flux of ions and solutes between adjacent cells. Increased intestinal permeability caused by defects in the IE TJ barrier is considered an important pathogenic factor for the development of intestinal inflammation, diarrhea and malnutrition in humans and animals. In fact, defects in the IE TJ barrier allow increased antigenic penetration, resulting in an amplified inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), necrotizing enterocolitis and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Conversely, the beneficial enhancement of the intestinal TJ barrier has been shown to resolve intestinal inflammation and apoptosis in both animal models of IBD and human IBD. Autophagy(self-eating mechanism) is an intracellular lysosome-dependent degradation and recycling pathway essential for cell survival and homeostasis.Dysregulated autophagy has been shown to be directly associated with many pathological processes,including IBD. Importantly, the crosstalk between IE TJ and autophagy has been revealed recently. We showed that autophagy enhanced IE TJ barrier function by increasing transepithelial resistance and reducing the paracellular permeability of small solutes and ions, which is, in part, by targeting claudin-2,a cation-selective, pore-forming, transmembrane TJ protein, for lysosome(autophagy)-mediated degradation. Interestingly, previous studies have shown that the inflamed intestinal mucosa in patients with active IBD has increased claudin-2 expression. In addition, inflammatory cytokines(for example,tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-13, and interleukin-17) whose levels are increased in IBD patients cause an increase in claudin-2 expression and a claudin-2-dependent increase in TJ permeability. Thus, the role of claudin-2 in intestinal pathological processes has been attributed, in part, to the increase of intestinal TJ permeability. Claudin-2 represents a new therapeutic target in treating IBD,diarrhea and malnutrition in animals and humans. | Chien-An A.Hu Yongqing Hou Dan Yi Yinsheng Qiu Guoyao Wu Xiangfeng Kong Yulong Yin | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，3： | 14 |
| 6 | Influence of Tanshinone lla on heat shock protein 70,Bcl-2 and Bax expression in rats with spinal ischemia/reperfusion injury显示文摘Tanshinone lla is an effective monomer component of Danshen, which is a traditional Chinese medicine for activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis. Tanshinone lla can effectively improve brain tissue ischemia/hypoxia injury. The present study established a rat model of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury and intraperitoneally injected Tanshinone IIa, 0.5 hour prior to model establishment. Results showed that Tanshinone lla promoted heat shock protein 70 and Bcl-2 protein expression, but inhibited Bax protein expression in the injured spinal cord after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Furthermore, Nissl staining indicated a reduction in nerve cell apoptosis and fewer pathological lesions in the presence of Tanshinone lla, compared with positive control Danshen injection. | Li Zhang Weidong Gan Guoyao An | 2012 | Neural Regeneration Research2012，7，36： | 8 |
| 7 | Recent Advances in Swine Amino Acid Nutrition显示文摘Recent advances in swine protein nutrition are characterized by the development of functional amino acids(AA)in regulating fetal and postnatal survival,growth and development.These AA include arginine,glutamine,glutamate,proline,leucine,cysteine and tryptophan.Due to limited knowledge on AA nutrition,pork producers have traditionally paid little attention to supplementing the arginine family of AA to swine diets.Results of recent studies indicate that functional AA serve important regulatory functions in nutrient metabolism,protein turnover,and immune function,therefore enhancing efficiency of feed utilization by pigs.The underlying mechanisms include activation of nitric oxide,mammalian target of rapamycin,gaseous signaling,and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways,as well as anti-oxidative function.Dietary supplementation with arginine,glutamine,proline or leucine to weanling piglets enhances their growth performance.Arginine or glutamine is also effective in increasing milk production by lactating sows.Furthermore,supplementing arginine to the diet of pregnant gilts between days 30 and 114 of gestation increases the number of live-born piglets and litter birth-weight.Availability of feed-grade functional AA holds great promise for improving animal health and nutrient utilization in pig production worldwide.Additionally,feedstuffs of animal origin [e.g.,blood meal(ring dried),feather meal(hydrolyzed),meat and bone meal,porcine protein meal,and poultry by-product meal(both feed-and petfood-grades)] are excellent and cost-effective sources of both essential and functional AA for formulating balanced swine diets.New knowledge on AA nutrition provides a much needed scientific basis for revising the next edition of swine nutrient requirements. | Guoyao Wu Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition,Texas A&M University,College Station,TX,77843,U.S.A and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,China Agricultural University,Beijing,100193,China | 2010 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2010，1，2： | 7 |
| 8 | Application of new biotechnologies for improvements in swine nutrition and pork production显示文摘Meeting the increasing demands for high-quality pork protein requires not only improved diets but also biotechnology-based breeding to generate swine with desired production traits.Biotechnology can be classified as the cloning of animals with identical genetic composition or genetic engineering(via recombinant DNA technology and gene editing)to produce genetically modified animals or microorganisms.Cloning helps to conserve species and breeds,particularly those with excellent biological and economical traits.Recombinant DNA technology combines genetic materials from multiple sources into single cells to generate proteins.Gene(genome)editing involves the deletion,insertion or silencing of genes to produce:(a)genetically modified pigs with important production traits;or(b)microorganisms without an ability to resist antimicrobial substances.Current gene-editing tools include the use of zinc finger nuclease(ZFN),transcription activator-like effector nuclease(TALEN),or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated nuclease-9(CRISPR/Cas9)as editors.ZFN,TALEN,or CRISPR/Cas9 components are delivered into target cells through transfection(lipid-based agents,electroporation,nucleofection,or microinjection)or bacteriophages,depending on cell type and plasmid.Compared to the ZFN and TALEN,CRISPR/Cas9 offers greater ease of design and greater flexibility in genetic engineering,but has a higher frequency of off-target effects.To date,genetically modified pigs have been generated to express bovine growth hormone,bacterial phytase,fungal carbohydrases,plant and C.elagan fatty acid desaturases,and uncoupling protein-1;and to lack myostatin,α-1,3-galactosyltransferase,or CD163(a cellular receptor for the'blue ear disease'virus).Biotechnology holds promise in improving the efficiency of swine production and developing alternatives to antibiotics in the future. | Guoyao Wu Fuller W.Bazer | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，4： | 5 |
| 9 | Fetal and neonatal programming of postnatal growth and feed efficiency in swine显示文摘Maternal undernutrition or overnutrition during pregnancy alters organ structure, impairs prenatal and neonatal growth and development, and reduces feed efficiency for lean tissue gains in pigs. These adverse effects may be carried over to the next generation or beyond. This phenomenon of the transgenerational impacts is known as fetal programming, which is mediated by stable and heritable alterations of gene expression through covalent modifications of DNA and histones without changes in DNA sequences(namely, epigenetics). The mechanisms responsible for the epigenetic regulation of protein expression and functions include chromatin remodeling; DNA methylation(occurring at the 5′-position of cytosine residues within CpG dinucleotides); and histone modifications(acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination). Like maternal malnutrition, undernutrition during the neonatal period also reduces growth performance and feed efficiency(weight gain:feed intake; also known as weightgain efficiency) in postweaning pigs by 5–10%, thereby increasing the days necessary to reach the market bodyweight. Supplementing functional amino acids(e.g., arginine and glutamine) and vitamins(e.g., folate) play a key role in activating the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and regulating the provision of methyl donors for DNA and protein methylation. Therefore, these nutrients are beneficial for the dietary treatment of metabolic disorders in offspring with intrauterine growth restriction or neonatal malnutrition. The mechanism-based strategies hold great promise for the improvement of the efficiency of pork production and the sustainability of the global swine industry. | Yun Ji Zhenlong Wu Zhaolai Dai Xiaolong Wang Ju Li Binggen Wang Guoyao Wu | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，4： | 4 |
| 10 | A looped heat-driven thermoacoustic refrigeration system with direct-coupling configuration for room temperature cooling显示文摘Heat-driven thermoacoustic refrigeration has drawn extensive concern in the past decades due to its advantages of high reliability and external heat-driven mechanism.In such a system,heat can be firstly converted into acoustic power and then the acoustical power drives a refrigerator to generate cooling effect without any moving mechanical components.So far,most of researches on heat-driven thermoacoustic refrigeration have focused on cryo- genic application,such as natural gas liquefaction [1,2].In addition, heat-driven thermoacoustic refrigeration also plays important roles in recovering waste heat and provides an environment- friendly alternative to the current abso'rption chiller especially in the small-scale power range [3-7].However,two main obstacles to use the thermoacoustic technology in practice are its relatively low cooling capacity and low cooling efficiency.Either the two-loop configuration proposed by Luo et al.[5]or the configuration of a one-unit refrigerator driven by a three-unit engine brought forward by Kees [6],they both suffer from phase-shifting tube and mismatch between the thermoacoustic engine (TAE)and thermoacoustic refrigerator (TAR). | Huizhi Wang Limin Zhang Guoyao Yu Jianying Hu Ercang Luo Ying Ma Chao Jiang Xianxian Liu | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，1： | 4 |
| 11 | Enhanced Efficiency of Milk Utilization for Growth in Surviving Low-Birth-Weight Piglets显示文摘This study determined effects of birth weights (0.70 to 1.09, 1.10 to 1.49, 1.50 to 1.89, and≥1.90 kg) on the efficiency of milk utilization for growth in sow-reared piglets. One-hundred-sixty piglets from 18 multiparous sows (Landrace×Large White) were individually weighed immediately after birth (day 0) and at 7-day intervals for 35 days. Milk consumption of piglets was determined weekly using the weigh-suckle-weigh method. Deaths of piglets were recorded daily. Piglets with the lightest birth weight had the highest incidence of mortality. Birth weights between 0.70 and 1.89 kg were positively associated with average daily gains (ADG, g/day) during the suckling period (P<0.01). Compared with piglets having birth weights of 1.50 to 1.89 kg, birth weights≥1.90 kg did not confer any additional benefit on preweaning survival or ADG. Colostrum or milk consumption per kilogram of body weight among low-, normal-, and large-birth-weight piglets did not differ in the first week. At days 14 to 35, milk consumption of piglets (g/kg BW/day) increased (P<0.01) but the ratio of gain to milk consumption decreased (P<0.01) progressively, as their birth weights increased from 0.70 to ≥1.90 kg. Additionally, surviving low-birth-weight piglets had a higher relative growth rate (%/day) than normal-and large-birth-weight piglets. Based on these novel findings, it is imperative that great efforts be made to improve the survival of low-birth-weight piglets so as to increase the efficiency of nutrient utilization by both lactating sows and suckling piglets. | Reza Rezaei Darrell A. Knabe Xilong Li Shuo Feng Guoyao Wu | 2011 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2011，2，2： | 4 |
| 12 | Dietary supplementation with branchedchain amino acids enhances milk production by lactating sows and the growth of suckling piglets显示文摘Background:Under current dietary regimens,milk production by lactating sows is insufficient to sustain the maximal growth of their piglets.As precursors of glutamate and glutamine as well as substrates and activators of protein synthesis,branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs)have great potential for enhancing milk production by sows.Methods:Thirty multiparous sows were assigned randomly into one of three groups:control(a corn-and soybean meal-based diet),the basal diet+1.535%BCAAs;and the basal diet+3.07%BCAAs.The ratio(g/g)among the supplemental L-isoleucine,L-leucine and L-valine was 1.00:2.56:1.23.Diets were made isonitrogenous by the addition of appropriate amounts of L-alanine.Lactating sows had free access to drinking water and their respective diets.The number of live-born piglets was standardized to 9 per sow at d 0 of lactation(the day of parturition).On d 3,15 and 29 of lactation,body weights and milk consumption of piglets were measured,and blood samples were obtained from sows and piglets 2 h and 1 h after feeding and nursing,respectively.Results:Feed intake did not differ among the three groups of sows.Concentrations of asparagine,glutamate,glutamine,citrulline,arginine,proline,BCAAs,and many other amino acids were greater(P<0.05)in the plasma of BCAA-supplemented sows and their piglets than those in the control group.Compared with the control,dietary supplementation with 1.535%and 3.07%BCAAs increased(P<0.05)concentrations of free and protein-bound BCAAs,glutamate plus glutamine,aspartate plus asparagine,and many other amino acids in milk;milk production by 14%and 21%,respectively;daily weight gains of piglets by 19%and 28%,respectively,while reducing preweaning mortality rates by 50%and 70%,respectively.Conclusion:Dietary supplementation with up to 3.07%BCAAs enhanced milk production by lactating sows,and the growth and survival of their piglets. | Reza Rezaei Ana San Gabriel Guoyao Wu | 2022 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2022，13，6： | 4 |
| 13 | 谷氨酰胺、精氨酸和亮氨酸在肠道中的信号传导(一)显示文摘动植物蛋白中谷氨酰胺和亮氨酸含量丰富且较稳定,而食物和动物体液中精氨酸含量差异较大。除在蛋白质合成中起作用外,这三种氨基酸可独自激活信号传导通路以促进蛋白质的合成,并可能抑制肠上皮细胞自噬介导的蛋白质降解。此外,谷氨酰胺和精氨酸可分别激活有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶通路和哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)/p70(s6)激酶通路,从而加强粘膜细胞的迁移和修复。利用一氧化氮依赖型cGMP的信号级联,精氨酸可调节肠道多种生理活动,这有利于细胞的生存和维持动态平衡。动物体内外试验显示,谷氨酰胺和精氨酸可促进细胞增殖,并可针对养分损失、氧化损伤、应激和免疫应激来发挥不同的细胞保护作用。此外,一氧化氮存在时亮氨酸可加强肠道细胞的迁移。因此,通过细胞信号传导机制,精氨酸、谷氨酰胺和亮氨酸在肠道的生长发育和功能完善过程中发挥了关键作用。 | J.Marc Rhoads Guoyao Wu 邓会玲 | 2011 | 饲料与畜牧(新饲料)2011，，9： | 3 |
| 14 | Uterine biology in pigs and sheep显示文摘There is a dialogue between the developing conceptus (embryo-fetus and associated placental membranes) and maternal uterus which must be established during the peri-implantation period for pregnancy recognition signaling, implantation, regulation of gene expression by uterine epithelial and stromal cells, placentation and exchange of nutrients and gases. The uterus provide a microenvironment in which molecules secreted by uterine epithelia or transported into the uterine lumen represent histotroph required for growth and development of the conceptus and receptivity of the uterus to implantation. Pregnancy recognition signaling mechanisms sustain the functional lifespan of the corpora lutea (CL) which produce progesterone, the hormone of pregnancy essential for uterine functions that support implantation and placentation required for a successful outcome of pregnancy. It is within the peri-implantation period that most embryonic deaths occur due to deficiencies attributed to uterine functions or failure of the conceptus to develop appropriately, signal pregnancy recognition and/or undergo implantation and placentation. With proper placentation, the fetal fluids and fetal membranes each have unique functions to ensure hematotrophic and histotrophic nutrition in support of growth and development of the fetus. The endocrine status of the pregnant female and her nutritional status are critical for successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This review addresses the complexity of key mechanisms that are characteristic of successful reproduction in sheep and pigs and gaps in knowledge that must be the subject of research in order to enhance fertility and reproductive health of livestock species. | Fuller W Bazer Gwonhwa Song Jinyoung Kim Kathrin A Dunlap Michael Carey Satterfield Gregory A Johnson Robert C Burghardt Guoyao Wu | 2012 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2012，3，3： | 3 |
| 15 | A 300 Hz high frequency thermoacoustically driven pulse tube cooler显示文摘This article introduces the latest progress of a 300 Hz thermoacoustically driven pulse tube cooler. Based on the experience of former experiments, improvements have been made in the standing-wave engine, pulse tube cooler and their coupling mechanism. An inlet pressure ratio of 1.248 was obtained with the mean pressure and heating power of 4.13 MPa and 1760 W, respectively. A lowest no-load temperature of 69.5 K has been reached under this condition. This is the first time for thermoacousti- cally driven pulse tube coolers to reach the temperature below 70 K with such a high frequency. | ZHU ShangLong YU GuoYao ZHANG XiaoDong DAI Wei LUO ErCang ZHOU Yuan | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，8： | 3 |
| 16 | Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells:a feed-back regulation by mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)显示文摘Background: Endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress is associated with multiple pathological processes of intestinal diseases. Despite a critical role of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(m TORC1) in regulating cellular stress response, the crosstalk between m TORC1 and ER stress signaling and its contribution to the intestinal barrier function is unknown.Results: In the present study, we showed that intestinal epithelial cells(IEC-6) incubated with tunicamycin led to caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death. The induction of cell death was accompanied by activation of unfolded protein response as evidenced by increased protein levels for Bi P, p-IRE1α, p-e IF2α, p-JNK, and CHOP. Further study demonstrated that tunicamycin-induced cell death was enhanced by rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of m TORC1.Consistently, tunicamycin decreased transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER) and increased permeability of the cells. These effects of tunicamycin were exacerbated by m TORC1 inhibitor.Conclusions: Taken together, the data presented here identified a previously unknown crosstalk between an unfold protein response and m TORC1 signaling in the intestinal epithelium. This feed-back loop regulation on ER stress signaling by m TORC1 is critical for cell survival and intestinal permeability in epithelial cells. | Yun Ji Xuan Luo Ying Yang Zhaolai Dai Guoyao Wu Zhenlong Wu | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，3： | 3 |
| 17 | Dietary L-arginine supplementation reduces lipid accretion by regulating fatty acid metabolism in Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)显示文摘Background: Excessive white fat accumulation in humans and other animals is associated with the development of multiple metabolic diseases. It is unknown whether dietary L-arginine supplementation reduces lipid deposition in high fat diet-fed Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).Results: In the present study, we found that dietary supplementation with 1% or 2% arginine decreased the deposition and concentration of fats in the liver;the concentrations of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein in the serum;and the diameter of adipocytes in intraperitoneal adipose tissue. Compared with the un-supplementation control group, the hepatic activities of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, and hepatic concentration of malondialdehyde were reduced but these for catalase and superoxide dismutase were enhanced by dietary supplementation with 2% arginine. Arginine supplementation reduced the total amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids, while increasing the total amounts of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the liver. These effects of arginine were associated with reductions in mRNA levels for genes related to lipogenesis(sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase α, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, and fatty acid synthase) but increases in mRNA levels for genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation(carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α). In addition, hepatic mRNA levels for Δ4 fatty acyl desaturase 2 and elongase 5 of very long-chain fatty acids were enhanced by arginine supplementation.Conclusion: These results revealed that dietary L-arginine supplementation to tilapia reduced high fat diet-induced fat deposition and fatty acid composition in the liver by regulating the expression of genes for lipid metabolism. | Senlin Li Yunchang Zhang Ning Liu Jingqing Chen Lina Guo Zhaolai Dai Chao Wang Zhenlong Wu Guoyao Wu | 2021 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2021，12，1： | 3 |
| 18 | Functional roles of ornithine decarboxylase and arginine decarboxylase during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy in sheep显示文摘Background: Polyamines stimulate DNA transcription and m RNA translation for protein synthesis in trophectoderm cells, as well as proliferation and migration of cells; therefore, they are essential for development and survival of conceptuses(embryo/fetus and placenta). The ovine conceptus produces polyamines via classical and non-classical pathways. In the classical pathway, arginine(Arg) is transformed into ornithine, which is then decarboxylated by ornithine decarboxylase(ODC1) to produce putrescine which is the substrate for the production of spermidine and spermine. In the non-classical pathway, Arg is converted to agmatine(Agm) by arginine decarboxylase(ADC), and Agm is converted to putrescine by agmatinase(AGMAT).Methods: Morpholino antisense oligonucleotides(MAOs) were designed and synthesized to inhibit translational initiation of the m RNAs for ODC1 and ADC, in ovine conceptuses.Results: The morphologies of MAO control, MAO-ODC1, and MAO-ADC conceptuses were normal. Double knockdown of ODC1 and ADC(MAO-ODC1:ADC) resulted in two phenotypes of conceptuses; 33% of conceptuses appeared to be morphological y and functional y normal(phenotype a) and 67% of the conceptuses presented an abnormal morphology and functionality(phenotype b). Furthermore, MAO-ODC1:ADC(a) conceptuses had greater tissue concentrations of Agm,putrescine, and spermidine than MAO control conceptuses, while MAO-ODC1:ADC(b) conceptuses only had greater tissue concentrations of Agm. Uterine flushes from ewes with MAO-ODC1:ADC(a) had greater amounts of arginine, aspartate, tyrosine, citrulline, lysine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and glutamine, while uterine flushes of ewes with MAO-ODC1:ADC(b) conceptuses had lower amount of putrescine, spermidine, spermine, alanine, aspartate,glutamine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine.Conclusions: The double-knockdown of translation of ODC1 and ADC m RNAs was most detrimental to conceptus development and their production of interferon tau(IFNT). Agm, polyamines, amino acids, and adequate secretion of IFNT are critical for establishment and maintenance of pregnancy during the peri-implantation period of gestation in sheep. | Yasser Y.Lenis Gregory A.Johnson Xiaoqiu Wang Wendy W.Tang Kathrin A.Dunlap M.Carey Satterfield Guoyao Wu Thomas R.Hansen Fuller W.Bazer | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，2： | 3 |
| 19 | Cinnamicaldehyde regulates the expression of tight junction proteins and amino acid transporters in intestinal porcine epithelial cells显示文摘Background: Cinnamicaldehyde(CA) is a key flavor compound in cinnamon essential oil possessing various bioactivities. Tight junction(TJ) proteins are vital for the maintenance of intestinal epithelial barrier function,transport, absorption and utilization of dietary amino acids and other nutrients. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that CA may regulate the expression of TJ proteins and amino acid transporters in intestinal porcine epithelial cells(IPEC-1) isolated from neonatal pigs.Results: Compared with the control, cells incubated with 25 μmol/L CA had increased transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER) and decreased paracellular intestinal permeability. The beneficial effect of CA on mucosal barrier function was associated with enhanced protein abundance for claudin-4, zonula occludens(ZO)-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3. Immunofluorescence staining showed that 25 μmol/L CA promoted the localization of claudin-1 and claudin-3 to the plasma membrane without affecting the localization of other TJ proteins, including claudin-4, occludin,ZO-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3, compared with the control cells. Moreover, protein abundances for rBAT, xCT and LAT2 in IPEC-1 cells were enhanced by 25 μmol/L CA, while that for EAAT3 was not affected.Conclusions: CA improves intestinal mucosal barrier function by regulating the distribution of claudin-1 and claudin-3 in enterocytes, as well as enhancing protein abundance for amino acid transporters rBAT, xCT and LAT2 in enterocytes. Supplementation with CA may provide an effective nutritional strategy to improve intestinal integrity and amino acid transport and absorption in piglets. | Kaiji Sun Yan Lei Renjie Wang Zhenlong Wu Guoyao Wu | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，1： | 3 |
| 20 | Intrauterine growth restriction alters nutrient metabolism in the intestine of porcine offspring显示文摘Background:Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)has negative impacts on the postnatal survival,growth and development of humans and animals,with not only on newborns but also adulthood.However,the characteristics for nutrient digestion and absorption in IUGR offspring are still largely unknown.Therefore,the normal birth weight(NBW)and IUGR growing pigs were used in this study to investigate their differences in nutrient utilization,with an expectition for further nutritional optimization of the IUGR offspring during their later life.Methods:Twelve IUGR and 12 NBW growing pigs were fitted with catheters in their portal vein to measure blood flow rate as well as nutrients and metabolites in plasma.The digestibilities of nutrients in different intestinal segments,and bacterial fermentation in the large intestine were examined to reveal the characteristics of nutrients utilization in IUGR versus NBW pigs.Results:The rate of portal venous blood flow did not differ beween IUGR and NBW pigs.Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol,triglycerides and glucose were much lower but those of urea were higher in the portal vein of IUGR pigs,compared with the NBW pigs.The ileal digestibility of dry matter,gross energy and starch were lower in IUGR pigs than in NBW pigs.IUGR increased hindgut microbial diversity and bacterial fermentation activity in the caecum.In vitro cross-fermentation of ileal digesta by caecal microbes of NBW and IUGR pigs showed that gas production was much higher for IUGR ileal digesta regardless of the source of caecal inocula.Conclusion:IUGR impairs the nutrient digestion and absorption in small intestine,reduces caecal microbial diversity and promotes bacterial fermentation in the large intestine during the growing phase.These findings aid in our understanding of nutrient metabolism in IUGR pigs and provide the basis for future nutritional interventions. | Tiantian Li Shimeng Huang Long Lei Shiyu Tao Yi Xiong Guoyao Wu Jie Hu Xiongkun Yuan Shengjun Zhao Bin Zuo Hongjian Yang Yingping Xiao Gang Lin Junjun Wang | 2021 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2021，12，2： | 2 |
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