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| 1 | Features of extrahepatic metastasis after radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘BACKGROUND Extrahepatic metastasis(EHM)of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is associated with poor outcomes.However,the clinical features and risk factors of EHM of HCC after radiofrequency ablation(RFA)remain unclear.AIM To elucidate the characteristics and risk factors of EHM after RFA for HCC.METHODS From January 2008 to December 2017,we retrospectively enrolled 661 patients who underwent RFA as first-line treatment for HCC at 2 tertiary hospitals.The inclusion criteria were age≥18 years,a diagnosis of HCC,and treatment-naivety.Abdominal computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and alpha-fetoprotein measurements were routinely performed at 1 mo after RFA and followed-up at intervals of 3-6 mo.Univariate analyses were performed using the chi-squared test or Student’s t-test,and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed via logistic regression,as appropriate.RESULTS EHM was diagnosed in 44 patients(6.7%)during a median follow-up period of 1204 days.The 10-year cumulative rate of HCC recurrence and EHM was 92.7%and 33.7%,respectively.Initial recurrence was most often intrahepatic,and the rate of extrahepatic recurrence at initial recurrence was only 1.2%.The median time to the diagnosis of EHM was 2.68 years,and 68.2%of patients developed EHM within 2 years of the first recurrence,regardless of recurrence-free survival and 75.0%of patients developed EHM within 5 years after first recurrence.EHM was mostly diagnosed via abdominal CT/MRI in 33(75.0%)and 38 of 44 patients(86.4%)with EHM had either positive abdominal CT scan results or serum AFP level elevation.In multivariate analysis,recurrence-free survival<2 years,ablation zone/tumor size<2,and alpha-fetoprotein level>400 IU/mL were associated with a high EHM risk.CONCLUSION EHM occurs following multiple intrahepatic recurrences after RFA and combined contrast-enhanced abdominal CT and serum AFP were useful for surveillance.Patients especially with high-risk factors require close follow-up for EHM. | Jae H Yoon Young J Goo Chae-Jun Lim Sung K Choi Sung B Cho Sang S Shin Chung H Jun | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，32： | 3 |
| 2 | Enhanced cellular immunity to hepatitis C virus nonstructural proteins by codelivery of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating fact or gene in intramuscular DNA immunization显示文摘 | Cho J H Lee S W Sung Y C | 1999 | Vaccine1999，17，910： | 2 |
| 3 | Optimal induction of hepatitis C virus envelope-specific immunity by bicistronic plasmid DNA inoculation with the granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor gene显示文摘 | Lee S W Cho J H Sung Y C | 1998 | J Virol1998，72，10： | 2 |
| 4 | A study on a platinum-silicon carbide Schottky diodes as a hydrogen gas sensor 显示文摘 | Kim C K Lee J H Lee Y H Cho N I and Kim D J | 2000 | Sensors and Actuators B2000，66，： | 2 |
| 5 | Damage identification in beam-type structures: frequency-based method vs mode-shape-based method 显示文摘 | Kim J T Ryu Y S Cho H M | 2003 | Engineering Structures2003，25，1： | 2 |
| 6 | A new calcineurin inhibition domain in Cabinl 显示文摘 | Jang H Cho E J Youn H D | 2007 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun2007，359，1： | 1 |
| 7 | A study of magnetic and optical properties of Cu-doped ZnO 显示文摘 | LEE H J KIM B S CHO C R | 2004 | Phys Status Solidi B2004，241，7： | 1 |
| 8 | An anti-apoptotic protein human survivin is a direct inhibitor of Caspase-3 and-7显示文摘 | Sung B J Cho YS Kim H J Ha NC Hwang JI | 2001 | Biochenistry2001，40，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Exosomes:a new delivery system for tumor antigens in cancer immunotherapy显示文摘 | CHO J A YEO D J SON H Y | 2005 | Int J Cancer2005，114，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Chaos and control of discrete dynamic traffic model显示文摘 | Lo S C Cho H J | 2005 | Journal of the Franklin Institute2005，342，7： | 1 |
| 11 | Hard templating synthesis of mesoporous and nanowire SnO2 lithium battery anode materials显示文摘 | KIM H CHO J | 2008 | J Mater Chem2008，18，： | 1 |
| 12 | Essential role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta activation in the induction of glutathione S- transferase by oltipraz显示文摘 | Kang K W Cho I J Lee C H etal | 2003 | J Natl Cancer Inst2003，95，： | 1 |
| 13 | Microalgal growth enhancement by levoglucosan isolated from the green seaweed Monostroma nitidum 显示文摘 | Luyen H Q Cho J Shin H | 2007 | Journal of Applied Phycology2007，19，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Properties of dynamically vulcanized EPDM and LLDPE blends显示文摘 | Kim K H Cho W J Ha C S | 1996 | J Appl Polym Sci1996，59，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Salicornia herbacea:Botanical, Chemical and parmacological review of halophyte marsh plant 显示文摘 | Rhee M H Park H J Cho J Y | 2009 | Journal of Medicinal Plants Research2009，3，8： | 1 |
| 16 | A fieldemission display with a selffocus cathode electrode显示文摘 | Choi Y S Cho Y S Kang J H | 2003 | Appl Phys Lett2003，82，20： | 1 |
| 17 | The placebo response in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis 显示文摘 | Cho H J Hotopf M Wessely S | 2005 | Psychosom Med2005，67，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea 显示文摘 | Cho H J Matsuoka K | 2001 | Marine Micropaleontology2001，42，： | 1 |
| 19 | Real-Domain Decoder for Full-Rate Full-Diversity STBC with Multidimensional Constellations 显示文摘 | LEE H CHO J KIM J | 2009 | IEEE Transcations on Communcations2009，57，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase in pterygia显示文摘 | Lee DH Cho H J Kim JT Choi JS Joo CK | 2001 | Cornea2001，20，7： | 1 |
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