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| 1 | Global burden, distribution, and interventions for infectious diseases of poverty显示文摘Infectious diseases of poverty(IDoP)disproportionately affect the poorest population in the world and contribute to a cycle of poverty as a result of decreased productivity ensuing from long-term illness,disability,and social stigma.In 2010,the global deaths from HIV/AIDS have increased to 1.5 million and malaria mortality rose to 1.17 million.Mortality from neglected tropical diseases rose to 152,000,while tuberculosis killed 1.2 million people that same year.Substantial regional variations exist in the distribution of these diseases as they are primarily concentrated in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa,Asia,and Latin America,with geographic overlap and high levels of co-infection.Evidence-based interventions exist to prevent and control these diseases,however,the coverage still remains low with an emerging challenge of antimicrobial resistance.Therefore,community-based delivery platforms are increasingly being advocated to ensure sustainability and combat co-infections.Because of the high morbidity and mortality burden of these diseases,especially in resource-poor settings,it is imperative to conduct a systematic review to identify strategies to prevent and control these diseases.Therefore,we attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of one of these strategies,that is community-based delivery for the prevention and treatment of IDoP.In this paper,we describe the burden,epidemiology,and potential interventions for IDoP.In subsequent papers of this series,we describe the analytical framework and the methodology used to guide the systematic reviews,and report the findings and interpretations of our analyses of the impact of community-based strategies on individual IDoPs. | Zulfiqar A Bhutta Johannes Sommerfeld Zohra S Lassi Rehana A Salam Jai K Das | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 21 |
| 2 | The conceptual framework and assessment methodology for the systematic reviews of community-based interventions for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of poverty显示文摘This paper describes the conceptual framework and the methodology used to guide the systematic reviews of community-based interventions(CBIs)for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of poverty(IDoP).We adapted the conceptual framework from the 3ie work on the‘Community-Based Intervention Packages for Preventing Maternal Morbidity and Mortality and Improving Neonatal Outcomes’to aid in the analyzing of the existing CBIs for IDoP.The conceptual framework revolves around objectives,inputs,processes,outputs,outcomes,and impacts showing the theoretical linkages between the delivery of the interventions targeting these diseases through various community delivery platforms and the consequent health impacts.We also describe the methodology undertaken to conduct the systematic reviews and the meta-analyses. | Zohra S Lassi Rehana A Salam Jai K Das Zulfiqar A Bhutta | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 5 |
| 3 | Impact of community-based interventions on HIV knowledge, attitudes, and transmission显示文摘In 2012,an estimated 35.3 million people lived with HIV,while approximately two million new HIV infections were reported.Community-based interventions(CBIs)for the prevention and control of HIV allow increased access and ease availability of medical care to population at risk,or already infected with,HIV.This paper evaluates the impact of CBIs on HIV knowledge,attitudes,and transmission.We included 39 studies on educational activities,counseling sessions,home visits,mentoring,women’s groups,peer leadership,and street outreach activities in community settings that aimed to increase awareness on HIV/AIDS risk factors and ensure treatment adherence.Our review findings suggest that CBIs to increase HIV awareness and risk reduction are effective in improving knowledge,attitudes,and practice outcomes as evidenced by the increased knowledge scores for HIV/AIDS(SMD:0.66,95%CI:0.25,1.07),protected sexual encounters(RR:1.19,95%CI:1.13,1.25),condom use(SMD:0.96,95%CI:0.03,1.58),and decreased frequency of sexual intercourse(RR:0.76,95%CI:0.61,0.96).Analysis shows that CBIs did not have any significant impact on scores for self-efficacy and communication.We found very limited evidence on community-based management for HIV infected population and prevention of mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)for HIV-infected pregnant women.Qualitative synthesis suggests that establishment of community support at the onset of HIV prevention programs leads to community acceptance and engagement.School-based delivery of HIV prevention education and contraceptive distribution have also been advocated as potential strategies to target high-risk youth group.Future studies should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of community delivery platforms for prevention of MTCT,and various emerging models of care to improve morbidity and mortality outcomes. | Rehana A Salam Sarah Haroon Hashim H Ahmed Jai K Das Zulfiqar A Bhutta | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 3 |
| 4 | Impact of community-based interventions for the prevention and control of malaria on intervention coverage and health outcomes for the prevention and control of malaria显示文摘In this paper,we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based interventions(CBIs)for the prevention and management of malaria.We conducted a systematic review and identified 42 studies for inclusion.Twenty-five of the included studies evaluated the impact of the community-based distribution of insecticide-treated nets(ITNs),indoor residual spraying(IRS),or impregnated bed sheets;14 studies evaluated intermittent preventive therapy(IPT)delivered in community settings;two studies focused on community-based education for malaria prevention;and one study evaluated environmental management through drain cleaning.Our analysis suggests that,overall,the community-based delivery of interventions to prevent and control malaria resulted in a significant increase in ITNs ownership(RR:2.16,95%CI:1.86,2.52)and usage(RR:1.77,95%CI:1.48,2.11).However,usage of ITNs was limited to two-thirds of the population who owned them.Community-based strategies also led to a significant decrease in parasitemia(RR:0.56,95%CI:0.42,0.74),malaria prevalence(RR:0.46,95%CI:0.29,0.73),malaria incidence(RR:0.70,95%CI:0.54,0.90),and anemia prevalence(RR:0.79,95%CI:0.64,0.97).We found a non-significant impact on splenomegaly,birth outcomes(low birth weight,prematurity,stillbirth/miscarriage),anthropometric measures(stunting,wasting,and underweight),and mortality(all-cause and malaria-specific).The subgroup analysis suggested that community-based distribution of ITNs,impregnated bed sheets and IRS,and IPT are effective strategies.Qualitative synthesis suggests that high coverage could be achieved at a lower cost with the integration of CBIs with existing antenatal care and immunization campaigns.Community-based delivery of interventions to prevent and control malaria are effective strategies to improve coverage and access and reduce malaria burden,however,efforts should also be concerted to prevent over diagnosis and drug resistance. | Rehana A Salam Jai K Das Zohra S Lassi Zulfiqar A Bhutta | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Tackling the existing burden of infectious diseases in the developing world: existing gaps and the way forward显示文摘This series evaluates the effectiveness of community-based interventions(CBIs)to prevent and control infectious diseases of poverty(IDoP).Evidence from our reviews suggests that CBIs and school-based delivery platforms are effective in averting risk behaviors and reducing the disease burden.Co-implementation of interventions through existing community-based programs including immunization campaigns,antenatal care and maternal and child health programs have the potential to scale-up interventions for IDoP.Future research should focus on the process of developing and implementing efficient community-based programs through a comprehensive approach,and to gauge the effectiveness of various existing delivery models in order to improve morbidity and mortality outcomes. | Zulfiqar A Bhutta Rehana A Salam Jai K Das | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 2 |
| 6 | Breast carcinoma with metastasis to the gallbladder:an unusual case report with a short review of literature显示文摘Gallbladder metastases are very rare and usually arise from malignant melanoma, renal cell carcinoma and cervical carcinoma. Breast carcinoma tnetastatic to the gallbladder is extremely rare and only 4 cases have been reported in the English literature. We hereby report a 54-year-old lady who was diagnosed as having breast carcinoma and underwent modified radical mastectomy. One month after the operation, she developed acute abdomenal pain and underwent cholecystectomy after clinical investigation. Histopathological examination revealed metastasis to the gallbladder. Being considered a patient with tnetastatic breast carcinoma she was subjected to taxane and anthracycline-based palliative chemotherapy. Later she had CNS involvement and died of the progressive disease soon after few months. | Dinesh C Doval Komal Bhatia Keechelat Pavithran Jai Bhagwan Sharma Ashok K Vaid Digant Hazarika | 2006 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2006，5，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes vis-à-vis rutin content variation in different growth stages of Fagopyrum species显示文摘 | NIDHI G SUNIL K S JAI C R | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Why Is Trehalose an Exceptional Protein Stabilizer 显示文摘 | Jai K Kaushik Rajiv Bhat | 2003 | The Journal of Biological Chemistry2003，278，26： | 1 |
| 9 | Pregnancy outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension in the modern management era 显示文摘 | Jais X Olsson K M Barbera J A | 2012 | Eur Respir J2012，40，88： | 1 |
| 10 | Reproductive outcome following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis in patients with infertility due to Asherman' s syndrome显示文摘 | K Roy Jinee Baruah Jai Bhagwan Sharma | 2012 | Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics2012，19，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Genetic improvement of Basmati rice for salt and drought tolerance by regulated expression of a barley Hva1 cDNA显示文摘 | Jai S Rohila Rajinder K Jain Ray Wu | 2002 | Plant Science2002，，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Electrochemical stability and con- ductivity enhancement of composite polymer electrolytes显示文摘 | Chang H P Dong W K Jai P | 2003 | Solid State lonics2003，159，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Inhibitory mechanism of aloe single component ( alp - rogen) on mediator release in guinea pig lung mast cells activated with specific antigen - antibody eactions 显示文摘 | JAI Y R BYUNG C L JI Y K | 2000 | Journal of Pharmacology band Experimental Therapeutics2000，202，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Effect of some herbicides on the growth of Rhizoctonia solani kuhn in vitro显示文摘 | Jai P R K S Dubey A S | 2000 | Indian Weed Sci2000，32，12： | 1 |
| 15 | Therapeutic advances in pulmonary arterial hypertension显示文摘 | Boutet K Montani D Jais X | 2008 | Ther Adv Respir Dis2008，2，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Comparision of air-lift and stirred tank reactors for itaconic production by aspergillus terreus显示文摘 | Yahiro K Takahama T Jai S R | 1997 | Biotechnology Letters1997，19，17： | 1 |
| 17 | Comparison of Air-lift and Stirred Tank Reactors for Itaconic Acid Production by Aspergillus Terreus显示文摘 | Yahiro K Takahama T Jai S R | 1997 | Biotechnology Letters1997，19，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Community-based interventions for the prevention and control of helmintic neglected tropical diseases显示文摘In this paper,we aim to systematically analyze the effectiveness of community-based interventions(CBIs)for the prevention and control of helminthiasis including soil-transmitted helminthiasis(STH)(ascariasis,hookworms,and trichuriasis),lymphatic filariasis,onchocerciasis,dracunculiasis,and schistosomiasis.We systematically reviewed literature published before May 2013 and included 32 studies in this review.Findings from the meta-analysis suggest that CBIs are effective in reducing the prevalence of STH(RR:0.45,95%CI:0.38,0.54),schistosomiasis(RR:0.40,95%CI:0.33,0.50),and STH intensity(SMD:−3.16,95 CI:−4.28,−2.04).They are also effective in improving mean hemoglobin(SMD:0.34,95%CI:0.20,0.47)and reducing anemia prevalence(RR:0.90,95%CI:0.85,0.96).However,it did not have any impact on ferritin,height,weight,low birth weight(LBW),or stillbirths.School-based delivery significantly reduced STH(RR:0.49,95%CI:0.39,0.63)and schistosomiasis prevalence(RR:0.50,95%CI:0.33,0.75),STH intensity(SMD:−0.22,95%CI:−0.26,−0.17),and anemia prevalence(RR:0.87,95%CI:0.81,0.94).It also improved mean hemoglobin(SMD:0.24,95%CI:0.16,0.32).We did not find any conclusive evidence from the quantitative synthesis on the relative effectiveness of integrated and non-integrated delivery strategies due to the limited data available for each subgroup.However,the qualitative synthesis from the included studies supports community-based delivery strategies and suggests that integrated prevention and control measures are more effective in achieving greater coverage compared to the routine vertical delivery,albeit it requires an existing strong healthcare infrastructure.Current evidence suggests that effective community-based strategies exist and deliver a range of preventive,promotive,and therapeutic interventions to combat helminthic neglected tropical diseases(NTDs).However,there is a need to implement and evaluate efficient integrated programs with the existing disease control programs on a larger scale throughout resource-limited regions especially to reach the unreachable. | Rehana A Salam Hasina Maredia Jai K Das Zohra S Lassi Zulfiqar A Bhutta | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Electrochemical stability and conductivity enhancement of composite polymer electrolytes显示文摘 | Chang H P Dong W K Jai P | 2003 | Solid State Ionics2003，159，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Substitution of natural gas for coal; climatic effect of utility sector emissions 显示文摘 | Hayhoe K Kheshgi H S Jai A | 2002 | Climatic Change2002，54，1： | 1 |
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