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| 1 | Characterization of dissolved organic matter in urban sewage using excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis显示文摘Wastewater dissolved organic matter (DOM) from different processing stages of a sewage treatment plant in Xiamen was characterized using fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. Parallel factor analysis modeling of excitation-emission matrix spectra revealed five fluorescent components occurring in sewage DOM: one protein-like (C1), three humic-like (C2, C4 and C5) and one xenobiotic-like (C3) components. During the aerated grit chamber and primary sedimentation tank stage, there was only a slight decrease in fluorescence intensity and the absorption coefficient at 350 nm (a 350 ). During the second aeration stage, high concentration of protein-like and short-wavelength-excited humic-like components were significantly degraded accompanied by significant loss of DOC (80%) and a 350 (30%), indicating that C1 and C2 were the dominant constituents of sewage DOM. As a result, long-wavelength-excited C4 and C5 became the dominant humic-like components and the DOM molecular size inferred from the variation of spectral slope S (300-650 nm) and specific absorption (a 280 /DOC) increased. Combination use of F max of C1 and the ratio of C1/C5, or a 350 may provide a quantitative indication for the relative amount of raw or treated sewage in aquatic environment. | Weidong Guo Jing Xu Jiangping Wang Yingrou Wen Jianfu Zhuo Yuchao Yan | 2010 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2010,22,11: | 36 |
| 2 | Discovery of Quaternary glacial evidence of Snow Mountain in Taiwan, China显示文摘There are glacial remains of three different periods on the main peak of Snow Mountain in Taiwan province, including cirque lake, crosswall, polished surface, striation, moraine ete. These three different periods were called, respectively, Shanzhuang ((44.25 ± 3.72) kaBP), Shuiyuan ((18.26 ± 1.52) kaBP), and Xueshan glacial stages (the late period of last glaciation). it is characterized by the earlier glacier broad in scale. | CUI Zhijiu YANG Jianfu LIU Gengnian WANG Xin SONG Guocheng | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000,45,6: | 20 |
| 3 | Changes of Cu, Zn, and Ni chemical speciation in sewage sludge co-composted with sodium sulfide and lime显示文摘批 composting 研究被执行与钠硫化物和石灰(SSL ) 混合(Na2S/CaO=1:1 ) 评估堆肥 co 污水污泥的可行性,瞄准减少在污泥堆肥的重金属的可获得性。有 bulking 在 3% 点与 SSL 被修改的锯屑的污水污泥(w/w, dw ) ,并且为在实验室批反应堆的 15 d 的 composted。Tessier 顺序的抽出法的四个阶段被采用与 SSL 在污水污泥 composted 在 Cu, Zn,和 Ni 的重金属部分调查变化。为所有三金属,活动部分,例如,可交换并且绑的碳酸盐主要被转变成低可获得性部分(有机物和硫化物, Fe-Mn 氧化物界限和剩余形式) ,并且 SSL 的增加提高了这转变。因此, SSL 是到有污水污泥的合作堆肥的合适的材料减少重金属的可获得性。根据卷心菜种子发芽试验,≤ 3 % 的一个 SSL 修正案(w/w, dw ) 与污水污泥被推荐到合作堆肥。 | WANG Xuejiang CHEN Ling XIA Siqing ZHAO Jianfu | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008,20,2: | 17 |
| 4 | Simultaneous adsorption of lead and cadmium on MnO_2-loaded resin显示文摘MnO2-loaded D301 weak basic anion exchange resin has been used as adsorbent to simultaneously remove lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution.The effects of adsorbent dosage,solution pH and the coexistent ions on the adsorption were investigated.Experimental results showed that with the adsorbent dosage more than 0.6 g/L,both Pb 2+ and Cd2+ were simultaneously removed at pH range 5-6.Except for HPO 42+ ,the high concentration coexistent ions such as Na + ,K + ,Cl+ ,NO3-,SO42+ and HCO3-,showed no significant effect on the removal efficiency of both Pb2+ and Cd2+ under the experimental conditions.The coexistence of Mg2+ ,Ca2+ caused the reduction of Cd2+ removal,but not for Pb2+ .The adsorption equilibrium for Pb2+ and Cd 2+ could be excellently described by the Langmuir isotherm model with R2 > 0.99.The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated as 80.64 mg/g for Pb2+ and 21.45 mg/g for Cd2+ .The adsorption processes followed the pseudo first-order kinetics model.MnO2-loaded D301 resin has been shown to have a potential to be used as an effective adsorbent for simultaneous removal of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution. | Lijing Dong,Zhiliang Zhu,Hongmei Ma,Yanling Qiu,Jianfu ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China | 2010 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2010,22,2: | 16 |
| 5 | Study of 4-t-octylphenol degradation and microbial community in granular sludge显示文摘在这研究,作者在小粒的污泥在 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP ) 的氧气、厌氧的降级上调查了各种各样的因素的效果。在比较,氧气的降级率比厌氧的降级的高得多。为在小粒的污泥的 4-t-OP 降级的最佳的 pH 分别地在氧气、厌氧的条件下面是 9 和 7。并且降级率随起始的 4-t-OP 集中的增加减少了。象酚那样的酵母摘录或相应混合物的增加也提高了 4-t-OP 降级,特别在氧气的条件下面。为了在这调查细菌的社区,学习,使中毒的坡度胶化电气泳动(DGGE ) 方法被使用基于教材,为细菌的 16S rDNA V3 区域。γ - proteobacteria 和杆菌作为污泥的主要种类被识别。 | LIU Yi WANG Feng XIA Siqing ZHAO Jianfu | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008,20,2: | 14 |
| 6 | Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution with bamboo charcoal chemically modified by iron and cobalt with the assistance of microwave显示文摘Bamboo charcoal (BC) was used as starting material to prepare Co-Fe binary oxideloaded adsorbent (Co-Fe-MBC) through its impregnation in Co(NO3)2 , FeCl3 and HNO3 solutions simultaneously, followed by microwave heating. The low-cost composite was characterized and used as an adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from water. The results showed that a cobalt and iron binary oxide (CoFe2O4 ) was uniformly formed on the BC through redox reactions. The composite exhibited higher surface area (331 m2/g) than that of BC or BC loaded with Fe alone (Fe-MBC). The adsorption of Cr(VI) strongly depended on solution pH, temperature and ionic strength. The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir isotherm model well, and the maximum adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) at 288 K and pH 5.0 were 35.7 and 51.7 mg/g for Fe-MBC and Co-Fe-MBC, respectively. The adsorption processes were well fitted by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto both adsorbents was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic under the studied conditions. The spent Co-Fe-MBC could be readily regenerated for reuse. | Wei Wang Xuejiang Wang Xin Wang Lianzhen Yang Zhen Wu Siqing Xia Jianfu Zhao | 2013 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2013,25,9: | 14 |
| 7 | Synthesis of mesoporous Cu/Mg/Fe layered double hydroxide and its adsorption performance for arsenate in aqueous solutions显示文摘The mesoporous Cu/Mg/Fe layered double hydroxide(Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH) with carbonate intercalation was synthesized and used for the removal of arsenate from aqueous solutions.The Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,X-ray diffraction crystallography,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller.Effects of various physico-chemical parameters such as pH,adsorbent dosage,contact time and initial arsenate concentration on the adsorption of arsenate onto Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH were investigated.Results showed that it was efficient for the removal of arsenate,and the removal efficiency of arsenate increased with the increment of the adsorbent dosage,while the arsenate adsorption capacity decreased with increase of initial pH from 3 to 11.The adsorption isotherms can be well described by the Langmuir model with R 2 > 0.99.Its adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model.Coexisting ions such as HPO42-,CO32-,SO42and NO3could compete with arsenate for adsorption sites on the Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH.The adsorption of arsenate on the adsorbent can be mainly attributed to the ion exchange process.It was found that the synthesized Cu/Mg/Fe-LDH can reduce the arsenate concentration down to a final level of < 10 μg/L under the experimental conditions,and makes it a potential material for the decontamination of arsenate polluted water. | Yanwei Guo Zhiliang Zhu Yanling Qiu Jianfu Zhao | 2013 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2013,25,5: | 11 |
| 8 | Extraction of copper from sewage sludge using biodegradable chelant EDDS显示文摘[S,S]-Ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid(EDDS),a biodegradable chelant,was used to separate the heavy metals from the sewage sludge based on chemical extraction technology.Under various conditions,the extraction experiments were carried out for the sewage sludge from Shanghai Taopu Municipal Wastewater Plant,China.The influences ofpH and the concentration of EDDS on the extraction efficiency for copper(Cu)were discussed.The results showed that EDDS had higher extraction efficiency for Cu from the sewage slud... | ZHANG, Lihua ZHU, Zhiliang ZHANG, Ronghua ZHENG, Chengsong ZHANG, Hua QIU, Yanling ZHAO, Jianfu | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008,20,8: | 11 |
| 9 | Space experimental studies of microgravity fluid science in China显示文摘Microgravity fluid physics is an important part of microgravity sciences, which consists of simple fluids of many new systems, gas-liquid two-phase flow and heat transfer, and complex fluid mechanics. In addition to the importance of itself in sciences and applications, microgravity fluid physics closely relates to microgravity combustion, space biotechnology and space materials science, and promotes the developments of interdisciplinary fields. Many space microgravity experiments have been performed on board the recoverable satellites and space ships of China and pushed the rapid development of microgravity sciences in China. In the present paper, space experimental studies and the main results of the microgravity fluid science in China in the last 10 years or so are introduced briefly. | HU WenRui LONG Mian KANG Qi XIE JingChang HOU MeiYing ZHAO JianFu DUAN Li WANG ShuangFeng | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009,54,22: | 10 |
| 10 | Effect of ferric and bromide ions on the formation and speciation of disinfection byproducts during chlorination显示文摘The effects of ferric ion, pH, and bromide on the formation and distribution of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during chlorination were studied. Two raw water samples from Huangpu River and Yangtze River, two typical drinking water sources of Shanghai, were used for the investigation. Compared with the samples from Huangpu River, the raw water samples from Yangtze River had lower content of total organic carbon (TOC) and ferric ions, but higher bromide concentrations. Under controlled chlorination conditions, four trihalomethanes (THMs), nine haloacetic acids (HAAs), total organic halogen (TOX) and its halogen species fractions, including total organic chlorine (TOCl) and total organic bromide (TOBr), were determined. The results showed that co-existent ferric and bromide ions significantly promoted the formation of total THMs and HAAs for both raw water samples. Higher concentration of bromide ions significantly changed the speciation of the formed THMs and HAAs. There was an obvious shift to brominated species, which might result in a more adverse influence on the safety of drinking water. The results also indicated that high levels of bromide ions in raw water samples produced higher percentages of unknown TOBr. | Shaogang Liu Zhiliang Zhu Yanling Qiu Jianfu Zhao | 2011 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2011,23,5: | 9 |
| 11 | Determination of Heterotic Groups and Heterosis Analysis of Yield Performance in indica Rice显示文摘To compare the heterosis levels among various groups of parental lines used extensively in China, identify foundational heterotic groups in parental pools and understand the relationship between genetic distance and heterosis performance, 16 parental lines with extensive genetic variation were selected from various sub-groups, and 39 hybrid combinations were generated and evaluated in Fujian and Hainan Provinces of China. The main results were as follows:(1) The 16 parental lines can be grouped into 7 sub-groups consisting of 1 maintainer sub-group and 6 restorer sub-groups;(2) Mean grain yield of the restorer lines was higher than that of the maintainer lines, and mean yield of parental lines was higher than that of the hybrid combinations;(3) The two best heterotic patterns were II-32A × G5 and II-32A × G6, moreover, the order of restorer sub-groups according to grain yield, from the highest to lowest, was G7, G6, G5, G4, G3 and G2; High specific combining ability values were observed for combinations of II-32A × G5, II-32A × G6 and Tianfeng A × G7;(4) Hybrid combinations derived from II-32A crossed with 13 restorer lines had higher yield trait values(mid-parent heterosis, better-parent heterosis, standard heterosis over check and specific combining ability) than any other combinations;(5) Genetic distance was positively correlated with panicle number, grain length and length-to-width ratio(P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with grain width, grain yield, seed-setting rate, as well as mid-parent heterosis, standard heterosis over check, and specific combining ability for grain yield(P < 0.01). These heterotic groups and patterns and their argonomic traits will provide useful information for future hybrid rice breeding programs. | WANG Yingheng CAI Qiuhua XIE Hongguang WU Fangxi LIAN Ling HE Wei CHEN Liping XIE Hua'an ZHANG Jianfu | 2018 | Rice science2018,25,5: | 8 |
| 12 | Planning and analysis of the demonstration project of the MVDC distribution network in Zhuhai显示文摘The DC distribution system is an important development direction of the distribution system,which can improve the reliability and the quality of the power supply,and support the new energy,the energy storage,the electric vehicles,and the flexible access of AC and DC loads to grid.To realize the demonstration application of the DC distribution technology,China's first demonstration project of the medium voltage DC distribution network will be built in Zhuhai,Guangdong Province to support the construction of the city energy internet.First,this paper analyzes the demand of the DC distribution network project,and puts forward the construction content and construction target.Then,it designs and analyzes the electrical connection mode,system operation mode,and startup and shutdown mode of the DC distribution network,and proposes the overall project construction plan.Finally,it conducts the specific project design and analysis,which mainly in elude the selection of equipment such as inverters,DC transformers and DC circuit breakers,the design and analysis of the DC control and protection system,the design and analysis of the overvoltage protection and the configuration scheme of the lightning arrester,and analysis of the system transient characteristics.The design and analysis of the engineering program is a combination of China's distribution network engineering practice and technical characteristics,which lays a solid foundation for the advancement of the DC power distribution technology in China,and has reference value and demonstration effect for the design and construction of other projects. | Lu QU Zhanqing YU Qiang SONG Zhichang YUAN Biao ZHAO Dawei YAO Jianfu CHEN Yao LIU Rong ZENG | 2019 | Frontiers in Energy2019,13,1: | 7 |
| 13 | Effect of solid-solution temperature on the microstructure of Fe-Ni based high strength low thermal expansion (HSLTE) alloy显示文摘The influence of solid-solution temperature on the dissolution of carbide precipitates, the average grain size and the micro- hardness of the austenite matrix in an Fe-Ni based high strength low thermal expansion (HSLTE) alloy was investigated to obtain the proper temperature range of the solid-solution process. The XRD analysis, microstructure observations, and the theoretical calculations showed that the Mo-rich M2C-type precipitates in the Fe-Ni based HSLTE alloy dissolve completely at about 1100°C. The average grain size of the studied alloys increases from 14 to 46 μm in the temperature range of 1050 to 1200°C. The microhardness of the matrix decreases first for the sake of solid-solution treatment, but then increases later with increasing solution temperature because of the so- lution strengthening effect. | Yifan Tu Jin Xu Jianfu Zhang Boping Zhang Dongliang Zhao | 2007 | Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing2007,14,1: | 6 |
| 14 | Removal of humic acid from aqueous solution by cetylpyridinium bromide modified zeolite显示文摘Natural zeolite was modified by loading cetylpyridinium bromide(CPB) to create more efficient sites for humic acid(HA) adsorption.The natural and CPB modified zeolites were characterized with X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis.The effects of various experimental parameters such as contact time, initial HA concentration, solution pH and coexistent Ca2+, upon HA adsorption onto CPB modified zeolites were evaluated.The results showed that natural zeolite had negligible affinity for HA in aqueous solutions, but CPB modified zeolites exhibited high adsorption efficiency for HA.A higher CPB loading on natural zeolites exhibited a larger HA adsorption capacity.Acidic pH and coexistent Ca2+ were proved to be favorable for HA adsorption onto CPB modified zeolite.The kinetic process was well described by pseudo second-order model.The experimental isotherm data fitted well to Langmuir and Sips models.The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of CPB modified zeolite with surfactant bilayer coverage was found to be 92.0 mg/g. | Yanhui Zhan Zhiliang Zhu Jianwei Lin Yanling Qiu Jianfu Zhao | 2010 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2010,22,9: | 6 |
| 15 | Pb(Ⅱ) removal from water using Fe-coated bamboo charcoal with the assistance of microwaves显示文摘Bamboo charcoal(BC) was used as starting material to prepare iron-modified bamboo charcoal(Fe-MBC) by its impregnation in FeCl 3 and HNO 3 solutions simultaneously,followed by microwave heating.The material can be used as an adsorbent for Pb(Ⅱ) contaminants removal in water.The composites were prepared with Fe molar concentration of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mol/L and characterized by means of N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms,X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD),scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(SEM-EDS),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) and point of zero charge(pH pzc) measurements.Nitrogen adsorption analyses showed that the BET specific surface area and total pore volume increased with iron impregnation.The adsorbent with Fe molar concentration of 2 mol/L(2Fe-MBC) exhibited the highest surface area and produced the best pore structure.The Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption process of 2Fe-MBC and BC were evaluated in batch experiments and 2Fe-MBC showed an excellent adsorption capability for removal Pb(Ⅱ).The adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) strongly depended on solution pH,with maximum values at pH 5.0.The ionic strength had a significant effect on the adsorption at pH < 6.0.The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir isotherm model well,and the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(Ⅱ) was 200.38 mg/g for 2Fe-MBC.The adsorption processes were well fitted by a pseudo second-order kinetic model.Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) onto Fe-MBC was feasible,spontaneous,and exothermic under the studied conditions,and the ion exchange mechanism played an significant role.These results have important implications for the design of low-cost and effective adsorbents in the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from wastewater. | Zengsheng Zhang Xuejiang Wang Yin Wang Siqing Xia Ling Chen Yalei Zhang Jianfu Zhao | 2013 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2013,25,5: | 6 |
| 16 | Landslide stability for Shuitianba in the Three Gorges area显示文摘According to the data of preliminary survey, the authors established a landslide geological model,on the basis of analyses on the sensitivity of landslide, tried to simulate and calculate the landslide stability of Shuitianba with the method of transfer coefficient when it is under different strength parameters, and study the landslide mechanism. The results show that it is sensitive to the effects of shear strength parameters of sliding zone and groundwater level on landslide stability safety coefficient, which provides reliable basis for calculation of landslide stability. | YANG Zhishuang XI Panpan JIN Jianfu | 2012 | Global Geology2012,15,3: | 6 |
| 17 | A THERMO-PLASTIC/VISCOPLASTIC DAMAGE MODEL FOR GEOMATERIALS显示文摘A thermo-plastic/viscoplastic damage coupled model was formulated to describe the time independent and time dependent behaviors of geomaterials under temperature effect.The plastic strain was divided into instantaneous plastic strain and creep plastic strain.To take temperature effect into account,a temperature variable was introduced into the instantaneous and creep plastic behavior descriptions and damage characterization,and a linear thermal expansion law was used in constitutive equation formulation.According to the mechanical behavior of rock salt,a specific model was proposed based on the previous model and applied to Avery rock salt,in which the numerical results obtained from our model had a good agreement with the data from experiments. | Hui Zhou Dawei Hu Fan Zhang Jianfu Shao | 2011 | Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica2011,24,3: | 6 |
| 18 | Seasonal variation effects on the formation of trihalomethane during chlorination of water from Yangtze River and associated cancer risk assessment显示文摘For the system of water samples collected from Yangtze River,the effects of seasonal variation and Fe(III) concentrations on the formation and distribution of trihalomethanes (THMs) during chlorination have been investigated.The corresponding lifetime cancer risk of the formed THMs to human beings was estimated using the parameters and procedure issued by the US EPA.The results indicated that the average concentration of THMs (100.81 μg/L) in spring was significantly higher than that in other seasons,which was related to the higher bromide ion concentration resulted from the intrusion of tidal saltwater.The total cancer risk in spring reached 8.23 × 10 ?5 and 8.86 × 10 ?5 for males and females,respectively,which were about two times of those in summer under the experimental conditions.Furthermore,it was found that the presence of Fe(III) resulted in the increased level of THMs and greater cancer risk from exposure to humans.Under weak basic conditions,about 10% of the increment of THMs from the water samples in spring was found in the presence of 0.5 mg/L Fe(III) compared with the situation without Fe(III).More attention should be given to the effect of the coexistence of Fe(III) and bromide ions on the risk assessment of human intake of THMs from drinking water should be paid more attention,especially in the coastland and estuaries. | Shaogang Liu Zhiliang Zhu Chenfeng Fan Yanling Qiu Jianfu Zhao | 2011 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2011,23,9: | 6 |
| 19 | Genetic analysis and fine mapping of the pubescence gene GL6 in rice (Oryza sativa L.)显示文摘The pubescence of the leaf blade surface is an important agronomic characteristic for rice morphology and significantly influences rice growth as well as physiological characteristics. This characteristic was analyzed in F1 and F2 plants derived by crossing cultivar 75-1-127 with the indica cultivar Minghui 63, as well as the glabrous cultivar Lemont and indica cultivar 9311. Results indicated that the pubescence of the leaf blade surface was a dominant trait and controlled by a single gene. The GL6 gene was primarily mapped on rice chromosome 6 with recessive F2 population derived from 75-1-127/Minghui 63 by combining bulked segregation analysis and recessive class analysis using the Mapmaker3.0/MapDraw software. The genetic distances between the simple sequence repeat markers RM20491 and RM20547 were 7.2 and 2.2 cM, respectively. The GL6 gene was fine mapped in the interval between InDel-106 and InDel-115 at genetic distances of 0.3 and 0.1 cM, respectively. The large, recessive F2 population was derived from 75-1-127/Minghui 63. A high-resolution genetic and physical map of GL6 was constructed. Derived from the map-based sequences published by the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project, the GL6 gene was localized at an interval of 79 (japonica) and 116.82 kb (9311) bracketed by InDel-106 and InDel-115 within the BAC accession numbers AP008403 and AP005760. Seven annotated genes (japonica) and eight annotated genes (9311) were present. The basis was further set for GL6 cloning and function analysis. | ZENG YueHui ZHU YongSheng LIAN Ling XIE HongGuang ZHANG JianFu XIE HuaAn | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013,58,24: | 6 |
| 20 | Study on membrane fouling of submerged membrane bioreactor in treating bathing wastewater显示文摘A pilot-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used to treat the bathing wastewater for more than 90 d. Several factors affecting membrane fouling were studied, including the variation in transmembrane pressure (TMP), changes in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), and distribution of membrane resistance (R). The relationships between R and EPS concentration were found to be R = 0.00008(EPSS)2.915 in the mixed liquor (EPSS) and R = 0.2853(EPSm) - 0.824 on the membrane surface (EPSm). The constant resistance of the clean membrane (Rm), the resistance due to concentration polarization (Rp), the cake layer resistance (Rc), and the resistance due to pore blocking (Ri), were 0.006%, 20.15%, 54.13%, and 25.72% of R, respectively. The results indicated that Rc had the greatest contribution to the total membrane resistance. The obtained membrane resistance model was R(t) = 4.609 × 108(1 + 0.01t)0.5. Molecular-based methods (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and ?uorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)) were used to study the bacteria attached on the membrane. The 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis suggested that certain phylogenetic group of bacteria, for example, Pseudomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp., might have contributed to the formation of membrane on biofilms. | Jifeng GUO Jianfu ZHAO | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008,20,10: | 6 |