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| 1 | The effects of exercise on cognition in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review显示文摘Cognitive impairments are highly prevalent in Parkinson’s disease(PD)and can substantially affect a patient’s quality of life.These impairments remain difficult to manage with current clinical therapies,but exercise has been identified as a possible treatment.The objective of this systematic review was to accumulate and analyze evidence for the effects of exercise on cognition in both animal models of PD and human disease.This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)statement.Fourteen original reports were identified,including six pre-clinical animal studies and eight human clinical studies.These studies used various exercise interventions and evaluated many different outcome measures;therefore,only a qualitative synthesis was performed.The evidence from animal studies supports the role of exercise to improve cognition in humans through the promotion of neuronal proliferation,neuroprotection and neurogenesis.These findings warrant more research to determine what roles these neural mechanisms play in clinical populations.The reports on cognitive changes in clinical studies demonstrate that a range of exercise programs can improve cognition in humans.While each clinical study demonstrated improvements in a marker of cognition,there were limitations in each study,including non-randomized designs and risk of bias.The Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)system was used and the quality of the evidence for human studies were rated from“low”to“moderate”and the strength of the recommendations were rated from“weak”to“strong”.Studies that assessed executive function,compared to general cognitive abilities,received a higher GRADE rating.Overall,this systematic review found that in animal models exercise results in behavioral and corresponding neurobiological changes in the basal ganglia related to cognition.The clinical studies showed that various types of exercise,including aerobic,resistance and dance can improve cognitive function,although the optimal type,amount,mechanisms,and duration of exercise are unclear.With growing support for exercise to improve not only motor symptoms,but also cognitive impairments in PD,health care providers and policy makers should recommend exercise as part of routine management and neurorehabilitation for this disorder. | Danielle K Murray Matthew A Sacheli Janice J Eng A Jon Stoessl | 2014 | Translational Neurodegeneration2014，3，1： | 3 |
| 2 | Ankle Fractures in the Elderly: What You Get Depends on Where You Live and Who You See显示文摘 | Kenneth J Koval Jon Lurie Weiping Zhou Michael B Sparks Robert V Cantu Scott M Sporer James Weinstein | 2005 | Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma2005，，9： | 2 |
| 3 | Curcumin disrupts mitotic spindle structure and induces micronucleation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells 显示文摘 | Jon M Holy j M | 2002 | Mut Res2002，518，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Ultra-Wideband Source Using Gallium Arsenide Photoconductive Semiconductor Switches显示文摘 | Schoenberg Jon S H Burger Jeffrey W Tyo J Scott | 1997 | Transactions on Plasma Science1997，25，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Interleukin-33 – cytokine of dual function or novel alarmin?显示文摘 | Guttorm Haraldsen Johanna Balogh Jürgen Pollheimer Jon Sponheim Axel M. Küchler | 2009 | Trends in Immunology2009，，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Alginate hydrogels as synthetic extraeellular matrix materials 显示文摘 | Jon A R Gerard M Mooney D J | 1999 | Biomaterials1999，20，： | 1 |
| 7 | Nutrient attenua- tion in agricultural surface runoff by riparian buffer zones in Southern Illinois, USA显示文摘 | Jon E S Karl W J Williard J J | 2005 | Agroforestry System2005，64，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Biological activity of cryopreserved bovine spermatogonial stem cells during in vitro culture显示文摘 | Jon M O Jerry J R Derek J M | 2004 | Biology of Reproduction2004，71，： | 1 |
| 9 | Coping style use predicts posttraumatic stress and complicated grief symptom severity among college students reporting a traumatic loss显示文摘 | Kimberly R S Jon D E Matt J G | 2007 | Journal of Counseling Psychology2007，54，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Reactor Residence-time Distribution Effects on the Multistage Po- lymerization of Olefins III: Multi-layered Products: Impact Polypropylene显示文摘 | Jon A Debling Jorge J Zacca W Harmon Ray | 1997 | Chemical Engineering Science1997，52，12： | 1 |
| 11 | Nuclear Interleukin-33 Is Generally Expressed in Resting Endothelium but Rapidly Lost upon Angiogenic or Proinflammatory Activation显示文摘 | Axel M. Küchler Jürgen Pollheimer Johanna Balogh Jon Sponheim Linda Manley Dag R. Sorensen Paula M. De Angelis Helge Scott Guttorm Haraldsen | 2008 | The American Journal of Pathology2008，，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Magnetic nanoparticles-based theranostics显示文摘 | Xie J Jon S | 2012 | Theranostics2012，2，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Investigations into Shell Corro- sion of Rotary Cement Kilns 显示文摘 | Jons E S Ostergard M J L | 1999 | Zkg International1999，52，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Solutions in the continuous Heisenberg spin chain 显示文摘 | TJON J WRIGHT Jon | 1977 | Phys Rev B1977，15，： | 1 |
| 15 | Degenerative lesions in the articular cartilage after meniscectomy:preliminary experimentalstudy in dogs显示文摘 | BER JON J J MUNUERA L CALVO M | 1991 | J Trauma1991，31，： | 1 |
| 16 | Safety and tolerability of intraputaminal delivery of CERE-120 (adeno-associated virus serotype 2–neurturin) to patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: an open-label, phase I trial显示文摘 | William J Marks Jill L Ostrem Leonard Verhagen Philip A Starr Paul S Larson Roy AE Bakay Robin Taylor Deborah A Cahn-Weiner A Jon Stoessl C Warren Olanow Raymond T Bartus | 2008 | Lancet Neurology2008，，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Vector for Pop-In/Pop-Out Gene Replacement in Pichia pastoris 显示文摘 | JON S BROOKE J B BENJAMIN S G | 2001 | BioTechniques2001，31，： | 1 |
| 18 | Different Roles for Subsidiaries : The Case of Multinational Corporations in Spain 显示文摘 | JARILLO CARLOS J MARTINEZ JON I | 1990 | Strategic Management Journal1990，11，7： | 1 |
| 19 | Effects of dietary indole-3-carbinol on estradiol metabolism and spontaneous mammary tumors in mice 显示文摘 | Bradlow H L Jon J Michnovicz Nitin T Telang | 1991 | Carcinogenesis1991，12，9： | 1 |
| 20 | Bone bruise in the acutely injured knee显示文摘 | Thomas Bretlau Jon Tux?e Lone Larsen Uffe J?rgensen Henrik S. Thomsen Gunnar Lausten | 2002 | Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy2002，，2： | 1 |
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