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| 1 | Mapping aboveground biomass and its prediction uncertainty using LiDAR and field data, accounting for tree-level allometric and LiDAR model errors显示文摘Background: The increasing availability of remotely sensed data has recently challenged the traditional way of performing forest inventories, and induced an interest in model-based inference. Like traditional design-based inference, model-based inference allows for regional estimates of totals and means, but in addition for wall-to-wall mapping of forest characteristics. Recently Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)-based maps of forest attributes have been developed in many countries and been well received by users due to their accurate spatial representation of forest resources. However, the correspondence between such mapping and model-based inference is seldom appreciated. In this study we applied hierarchical model-based inference to produce aboveground biomass maps as well as maps of the corresponding prediction uncertainties with the same spatial resolution. Further, an estimator of mean biomass at regional level, and its uncertainty, was developed to demonstrate how mapping and regional level assessment can be combined within the framework of model-based inference.Results: Through a new version of hierarchical model-based estimation, allowing models to be nonlinear, we accounted for uncertainties in both the individual tree-level biomass models and the models linking plot level biomass predictions with LiDAR metrics. In a 5005 km2 large study area in south-central Sweden the predicted aboveground biomass at the level of 18 m×18 m map units was found to range between 9 and 447 Mg·ha^-1. The corresponding root mean square errors ranged between 10 and 162 Mg·ha^-1. For the entire study region, the mean aboveground biomass was 55 Mg·ha^-1 and the corresponding relative root mean square error 8%. At this level 75%of the mean square error was due to the uncertainty associated with tree-level models.Conclusions: Through the proposed method it is possible to link mapping and estimation within the framework of model-based inference. Uncertainties in both tree-level biomass models and models linking plot level biomass with LiDAR data are accounted for, both for the uncertainty maps and the overall estimates. The development of hierarchical model-based inference to handle nonlinear models was an important prerequisite for the study. | Svetlana Saarela AndréWästlund Emma Holmström Alex Appiah Mensah Sören Holm Mats Nilsson Jonas Fridman Göran Ståhl | 2020 | Forest Ecosystems2020，7，3： | 3 |
| 2 | Strength and structure under hot-working conditions 显示文摘 | Jonas J J Sellars C M Tegart M W J | 1969 | Int M etall Reviews1969，14，： | 1 |
| 3 | Monitoring glaucoma progression with visual evoked potentials of the blue-sensitive pathway显示文摘 | HORN F K JONAS J B BUDDE W M | 2002 | Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci2002，43，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Current issues in recrystallization:a review显示文摘 | DOHERTY R D HUGHES D A HUMPHREYS F J JONAS J J JENSEN D J KASSNER M E KING W E MCNELLEY T R MCQUEEN H J ROLLETT A D | 1997 | Materials Science and Engineering A1997，238，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Choroidal vessel diameter in central serous chorioretinopathy 显示文摘 | Yang L Jonas JB Wei W | 2013 | Acta Ophthalmol2013，91，： | 1 |
| 6 | Strength and structure un-der hot working conditions 显示文摘 | Jonas J J Sellars C M Tegart W J | 1969 | Int Met Rev1969，130，14： | 1 |
| 7 | Nucleation Kinetics of Ti Carbonitride in Microalloyed Austenite 显示文摘 | Liu W J Jonas J J | 1989 | Metallurgical and Materials Transaction A1989，20，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Morphologic and surgical determinants of outcome events after repair of tetralogy of fallot and pulmonary stenosis显示文摘 | KIRKLIU J W BLAEKSTONE E H JONAS R A | 1995 | Thorac Cardiovasc Surg1995，103，： | 1 |
| 9 | Life p rediction of roiling contact fatigue crack initiation显示文摘 | Jonas W Ringsberg | 2001 | International Journal of Fatigue2001，，23： | 1 |
| 10 | New molecular mediators in tumor angiogenesis显示文摘 | Beecken W D Kramer W Jonas D | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 11 | Within-and between-stand distribution of attacks by pine weevil 显示文摘 | Lars W H Hans P R Jonas Geldmann | 2005 | Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research2005，20，： | 1 |
| 12 | Strength and structure under hot - working conditions 显示文摘 | JONAS J J SELLSRS C M McG W J | 1969 | Int Metal Reviews1969，3，1： | 1 |
| 13 | A stress relaxation method for following carbonitride precipitation in austenite at hot working temperatures显示文摘 | Liu W J Jonas J J | 1983 | Metallurgical Transaction A1983，19，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Strength and structure under hot working conditions显示文摘 | Jonas J Sellars Mcg W J | | 0，，130： | 1 |
| 15 | A stress relaxation method for following car- bonitride precipitation in austenite at hot working temperatures 显示文摘 | Liu W J Jonas J J | 1988 | Metall Trans :A1988，19，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Nucleation Kinetics of Ti Carbonitride in Microalloyed Austenite 显示文摘 | Liu W J Jonas J J | 1989 | Metallurgical Transactions1989，20，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Cataract Surgery Combined with Transpupillary Silicone Oil Removal Through Planed Posterior Capsultomy显示文摘 | Jonas J B Badde W M Panda J S | 1998 | Ophthalmology1998，105，： | 1 |
| 18 | Strength and structure under hot working conditions显示文摘 | JONAS J J SELLARS C M PEGART W J M | 1969 | Tegar Int Metall Reviews1969，14，130： | 1 |
| 19 | Influence of Microstruc ture on the Flow Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steel at High Temperatures 显示文摘 | Balancin Hoffmann W A Jonas J J | 2000 | Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A2000，，31： | 1 |
| 20 | Influence of ivermectin on cellular and humoral immune responses of lambs显示文摘 | STANKIEWICZ M CABAJ W JONAS W E | 1995 | Vet Immunol Immunopathol1995，44，34： | 1 |
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