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| 1 | Biliary complications following liver transplantation显示文摘Biliary tract complications are the most common complications after liver transplantation.These complications are encountered more commonly as a result of increased number of liver transplantations and the prolonged survival of transplant patients.Biliary complications remain a major source of morbidity in liver transplant patients,with an incidence of 5%-32%.Post liver transplantation biliary complications include strictures(anastomotic and non-anastomotic),leaks,stones,sphincter of Oddi dysfunction,and recurrence of primary biliary disease such as primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis.The risk of occurrence of a specific biliary complication is related to the type of biliary reconstruction performed at the time of liver transplantation.In this article we seek to review the major biliary complications and their relation to the type of biliary reconstruction performed at the time of liver tranplantation. | Gursimran Kochhar Jose Mari Parungao Ibrahim A Hanouneh Mansour A Parsi | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，19： | 41 |
| 2 | Aggressive blood pressure treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage may lead to global cerebral hypoperfusion:Case report and imaging perspective显示文摘Hypoperfusion injury related to blood pressure decrease in acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage continues to be a controversial topic. Aggressive treatment is provided with the intent to stop the ongoing bleeding. However, there may be additional factors, including autoregulation and increased intracranial pressure, that may limit this approach. We present here a case of acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, in which aggressive blood pressure management to levels within the normal range led to global cerebral ischemia within multiple border zones. Global cerebral ischemia may be of concern in the management of hypertensive hemorrhage in the presence of premorbid poorly controlled blood pressure and increased intracranial pressure. | Jose Gavito-Higuera Rakesh Khatri Ihtesham A Qureshi Alberto Maud Gustavo J Rodriguez | 2017 | World Journal of Radiology2017，9，12： | 49 |
| 3 | Endoscopic management of esophageal varices显示文摘The rupture of gastric varices results in variceal hemorrhage, which is one the most lethal complications of cirrhosis. Endoscopic therapies for varices aim to reduce variceal wall tension by obliteration of the varix. The two principal methods available for esophageal varices are endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) and band ligation (EBL). The advantages of EST are that it is cheap and easy to use, and the injection catheter fits through the working channel of a diagnostic gastroscope. Endoscopic variceal ligation obliterates varices by causing mechanical strangulation with rubber bands. The following review aims to describe the utility of EBL and EST in different situations, such as acute bleeding, primary and secondary | Joaquin Poza Cordon Consuelo Froilan Torres Aurora Burgos García Francisco Gea Rodriguez Jose Manuel Suárez de Parga | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2012，4，7： | 27 |
| 4 | 冠状动脉内影像学临床应用专家共识(第一部分):对冠状动脉介入治疗的指导与优化显示文摘欧洲心血管介入协会(EAPCI)专家组系统总结了血管内超声(IVUS)和光学相干断层成像(OCT)这两种血管内影像学检查临床应用指征的现有证据,提供了关于IVUS和OCT指导经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的应用价值,并明确了最可能从腔内影像学指导的介入治疗中获得临床收益的患者或病变类型,同时详细论述了PCI前如何使用IVUS或OCT优化支架尺寸(支架长度和直径)和手术策略的选择。此外,专家推荐对支架失败(支架内再狭窄或支架内血栓形成)的患者应常规进行冠状动脉内影像学检查,并首选OCT。最后,重点论述了IVUS和OCT在指导PCI和评估支架失败两个方面的优势和局限性,并对未来需要深入研究的领域进行了展望。 | Lorenz Raber Gary S Mintz Konstantinos C Koskinas Thomas W Johnson Niels R Holm Yoshinubo Onuma Maria D Radu Michael Joner Bo Yu Haibo Jia Nicolas Meneveau Jose M.de la Torre Hemandez Javier Escaned Jonathan Hill Francesco Prati Antonio Colombo Carlo di Mario Evelyn Regar Davide Capodanno William Wijns Robert A Byme Giulio Guagliumi | 2019 | 中华心血管病杂志2019，47，1： | 17 |
| 5 | Epidemiological Evolution of Lung Cancer in the South of Spain from 1990 to 2010显示文摘Background: Changes in lung cancer has been characterized by the increase of cases among women and the increase in adenocarcinomas among other histological subtypes.Methods: Descriptive analysis of cases diagnosed with lung cancer in Hospital Virgen de las Nieves(Spain) from 1990 to 2010,based on five variables(age, sex, smoking, histology and pathological anatomy). The study establishes associations between these variables and compares the results with the literature.Results: 2,026 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer in this period; 1,838 were males(90.7%) and 188 women(9.3%); 1,892 patients(93.4%) were smokers or ex-smokers and 134(6.6%) had never smoked; the most frequent non-small cell histology types were squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and it was the most frequent neoplasia in women and were associated with a lower tobacco consumption.Conclusion: The large majority of lung cancer cases is associated with a history of smoking tobacco and there are histopathological differences according to gender and cumulative tobacco smoke load. | Alberto Caballero Vázquez Ana Dolores Romero Ortiz Jose Manuel González de Vega San Román Raimundo García del Moral Bernardino Alcázar Navarrete | 2018 | 中国肺癌杂志2018，21，1： | 17 |
| 6 | Visceral hypersensitivity and electromechanical dysfunction as therapeutic targets in pediatric functional dyspepsia显示文摘Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGID) are common clinical syndromes diagnosed in the absence of biochemical,structural,or metabolic abnormalities. They account for significant morbidity and health care expenditures and are identifiable across variable age,geography,and culture. Etiology of abdominal pain associated FGIDs,including functional dyspepsia(FD),remains incompletely understood,but growing evidence implicates the importance of visceral hypersensitivity and electromechanical dysfunction. This manuscript explores data supporting the role of visceral hypersensitivity and electromechanical dysfunction in FD,with focus on pediatric data when available,and provides a summary of potential therapeutic targets. | John M Rosen Jose T Cocjin Jennifer V Schurman Jennifer M Colombo Craig A Friesen | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2014，5，3： | 16 |
| 7 | Tenofovir vs lamivudine plus adefovir in chronic hepatitis B:TENOSIMP-B study显示文摘AIM To demonstrate the non-inferiority(15% non-inferiority limit) of monotherapy with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF) vs the combination of lamivudine(LAM) plus adefovir dipivoxil(ADV) in the maintenance of virologic response in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and prior failure with LAM.METHODS This study was a Phase IV prospective, randomized, open, controlled study with 2 parallel groups(TDF and LAM+ADV) of adult patients with hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag)-negative CHB, prior failure with LAM, on treatment with LAM+ADV for at least 6 mo, without prior resistance to ADV and with an undetectable viral load at the start of the study, in 14 Spanish hospitals. The follow-up time for each patient was 48 wk after randomization, with quarterly visits in which the viral load, biochemical and serological parameters, adverse effects, adherence to treatment and consumption of hospital resources were analysed.RESULTS Forty-six patients were evaluated [median age: 55.4 years(30.2-75.2); 84.8% male], including 22 patients with TDF and 24 with LAM+ADV. During study development, hepatitis B virus DNA(HBV-DNA) remained undetectable, all patients remained HBe Ag negative, and hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag) positive. Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) values at the end of the study were similar in the 2 groups(25.1± 7.65, TDF vs 24.22 ± 8.38, LAM+ADV, P = 0.646). No significant changes were observed in creatinine or serum phosphorus values in either group. No significant differences between the 2 groups were noted in the identification of adverse effects(AEs)(53.8%, TDF vs 37.5%, LAM+ADV, P = 0.170), and none of the AEs which occurred were serious. Treatment adherence was 95.5% and 83.3% in the TDF and the LAM+ADV groups, respectively(P = 0.488). The costs associated with hospital resource consumption were significantly lower with the TDF treatment than the LAM+ADV treatment(€4943 ± 1059 vs €5811 ± 1538, respectively, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION TDF monotherapy proved to be safe and not inferior to the LAM+ADV combination therapy in maintaining virologic response in patients with CHB and previous LAM failure. In addition, the use of TDF generated a significant savings in hospital costs. | Manuel Rodríguez Juan Manuel Pascasio Enrique Fraga Javier Fuentes Martín Prieto Gloria Sánchez-Antolín Jose Luis Calleja Esther Molina María Luisa García-Buey María Angeles Blanco Javier Salmerón María Lucía Bonet Jose Antonio Pons Jose Manuel González Miguel Angel Casado Francisco Jorquera 无 | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，41： | 16 |
| 8 | Pathogenesis of occult chronic hepatitis B virus infection显示文摘Occult hepatitis B infection(OBI) is characterized by hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA in serum in the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) presenting HBsAg-negative and anti-HBc positive serological patterns.Occult HBV status is associated in some cases with mutant viruses undetectable by HBsAg assays;but more frequently it is due to a strong suppression of viral replication and gene expression.OBI is an entity with world-wide diffusion.The failure to detect HBsAg,despite the persistence of the viral DNA,is due in most cases to the strong suppression of viral replication and gene expression that characterizes this'occult'HBV infection;although the mechanisms responsible for suppression of HBV are not well understood.The majority of OBI cases are secondary to overt HBV infection and represent a residual low viremia level suppressed by a strong immune response together with histological derangements which occurred during acute or chronic HBV infection.Much evidence suggests that it can favour the progression of liver fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. | Rocio Aller de la Fuente María L Gutiérrez Javier Garcia-Samaniego Conrado Fernández-Rodriguez Jose Luis Lledó Gregorio Castellano | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，12： | 12 |
| 9 | Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection显示文摘Occult hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection(OBI) is characterized by the persistence of HBV DNA in the liver tissue in individuals negative for the HBV surface antigen.The prevalence of OBI is quite variable depending on the level of endemic disease in different parts of the world,the different assays utilized in the studies,and the different populations studied.Many studies have been carried out on OBI prevalence in different areas of the world and categories of individuals.The studies show that OBI prevalence seems to be higher among subjects at high risk for HBV infection and with liver disease than among individuals at low risk of infection and without liver disease. | Maria Luisa Gutiérrez-García Conrado M Fernandez-Rodriguez Jose Luis Lledo-Navarro Ingrid Buhigas-Garcia | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，12： | 10 |
| 10 | The relevance of serum albumin among elderly patients with acute decompensated heart failure显示文摘Objective To assess the prognostic utility of serum albumin among elderly patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF)in terms of all-cause mortality and also to identify the predictors of hypoalbuminemia.Methods Retrospective cohort study of 119 elderly patients admitted for ADHF.Elderly patients were defined as patients over the age of 65 years.The patients were followed up for approximately 11 years.Patients with advanced renal failure,liver disease not due to HF,cancer and other causes of low life expectancy were excluded.Hypoalbuminemia was defined as serum albumin≤2.9 g/dL.Results The study was made up of 65 females and 54 males with age ranging from 65 to 96 years.Of the 119 elderly patients with ADHF,there were 26 deaths.A significantly higher proportion of patients in the mortality group had an admission serum albumin level of≤2.9 g/dL than those surviving(P=0.011).After Cox’s logistic regression,low albumin(P=0.016),elevated direct bilirubin(P=0.03),age greater than 85(P=0.008),lack of use of beta blockers(P=0.0001)and left ventricular ejection fraction less than 35%(P=0.005)increased the risk of death.Elevated serum creatinine(P=0.0357)was the only predictor of hypoalbuminemia following multiple linear regression.Conclusions Hypoalbuminemia may be an unrecognized marker of death in elderly patients with ADHF. | Tuoyo O Mene-Afejuku Ela-Anamaria Moisa Adedoyin Akinlonu Carissa Dumancas Shushan Veranyan Jose A Perez Peggy Salazar Shobhana Chaudhari Gerald Pekler Savi Mushiyev Ferdinand Visco | 2019 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2019，16，7： | 10 |
| 11 | Endoscopic submucosal dissection in dogs in a World Gastroenterology Organisation training center显示文摘AIM: To evaluate if canine models are appropriate for teaching endoscopy fellows the techniques of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHODS: ESD was performed in 10 canine models under general anesthesia, on artificial lesions of the esophagus or stomach marked with coagulation points. After ESD, each canine model was euthanized and surgical resection of the esophagus or stomach was carried out according to 'The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, Russel and Burch'. The ESD specimens were fixed with needles on cork submerged in a formol solution with the esophagus or stomach, and delivered to the pathology department to be analyzed. RESULTS: ESD was completed without complications using the Hook-knife in five esophageal areas, with a procedural duration of 124 ± 19 min, a length of 27.4 ± 2.6 mm and a width of 21 ± 2.4 mm. ESD was also completed without complications using the IT-knife2 in five gastric areas, with a procedural duration of 92.6 ± 19 min, a length of 32 ± 2.5 mm and a width of 18 ± 3.7 mm. CONCLUSION: ESD is feasible in the normal esopha- gus and stomach of canine models, which are appropriate for teaching this technique. | Miguel A Tanimoto Gonzalo Torres-Villalobos Rikiya Fujita Patricio Santillan-Doherty Jorge Albores-Saavedra German Gutierrez Luis A Martin-del-Campo Carlos Bravo-Reyna Octavio Villanueva Jose J Villalobos Misael Uribe Miguel A Valdovinos | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，14： | 7 |
| 12 | Functions of NKG2D in CD8^(+) T cells: an opportunity for immunotherapy显示文摘Natural killer group 2 member D(NKG2D)is a type II transmembrane receptor.NKG2D is present on NK cells in both mice and humans,whereas it is constitutively expressed on CD8+T cells in humans but only expressed upon T-cell activation in mice.NKG2D is a promiscuous receptor that recognizes stress-induced surface ligands.In NK cells,NKG2D signaling is sufficient to unleash the killing response;in CD8+T cells,this requires concurrent activation of the T-cell receptor(TCR).In this case,the function of NKG2D is to authenticate the recognition of a stressed target and enhance TCR signaling.CD28 has been established as an archetype provider of costimulation during T-cell priming.It has become apparent,however,that signals from other costimulatory receptors,such as NKG2D,are required for optimal T-cell function outside the priming phase.This review will focus on the similarities and differences between NKG2D and CD28;less well-described characteristics of NKG2D,such as the potential role of NKG2D in CD8+T-cell memory formation,cancer immunity and autoimmunity;and the opportunities for targeting NKG2D in immunotherapy. | Kushal Prajapati Cynthia Perez Lourdes Beatriz Plaza Rojas Brianna Burke Jose A Guevara-Patino | 2018 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2018，15，5： | 7 |
| 13 | Modulation of faecal metagenome in Crohn's disease:Role of microRNAs as biomarkers显示文摘BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays a key role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and the development and activation of the host immune system. It has been shown that commensal bacterial species can regulate the expression of host genes. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing has shown that the microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is abnormal and characterized by reduced diversity. Micro RNAs(miRNAs) have been explored as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, since they are able to regulate specific genes associated with Crohn's disease(CD). In this work, we aim to investigate the composition of gut microbiota of active treatment-na?ve adult CD patients, with miRNA profile from gut microbiota.AIM To investigate the composition of gut microbiota of active treatment-na?ve adult CD patients, with miRNA profile from gut microbiota.METHODS Patients attending the outpatient clinics at Valme University Hospital without relevant co-morbidities were matched according to age and gender. Faecal samples of newonset CD patients, free of treatment, and healthy controls were collected. Faecal samples were homogenized, and DNA was amplified by PCR using primers directed to the 16 S bacterial rRNA gene. Pyrosequencing was performed using GS-Junior platform. For sequence analysis, MGRAST server with the database Ribosomal Project was used. MiRNA profile and their relative abundance were analyzed by quantitative PCR.RESULTS Microbial community was characterized using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing in 29 samples(n = 13 CD patients, and n = 16 healthy controls). The mean Shannon diversity was higher in the healthy control population compared to CD group(5.5 vs 3.7). A reduction in Firmicutes and an increase in Bacteroidetes were found. Clostridia class was also significantly reduced in CD. Principal components analysis showed a grouping pattern, identified in most of the subjects in both groups, showing a marked difference between control and CD groups. A functional metabolic study showed that a lower metabolism of carbohydrates(P = 0.000) was found in CD group, while the metabolism of lipids was increased. In CD patients, three miRNAs were induced in affected mucosa: mir-144(6.2 ± 1.3 fold), mir-519(21.8 ± 3.1) and mir-211(2.3 ± 0.4). CONCLUSION Changes in microbial function in active non-treated CD subjects and three miRNAs in affected vs non-affected mucosa have been found. miRNAs profile may serve as a biomarker. | María Rojas-Feria Teresa Romero-García Jose Angel Fernández Caballero-Rico Helena Pastor Ramírez Marta Avilés-Recio Manuel Castro-Fernandez Natalia Chueca Porcuna Manuel Romero-Gomez Federico García Lourdes Grande JoséA Del Campo | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，46： | 7 |
| 14 | Tuberculosis is associated with expansion of a motile, permissive and immunomodulatory CD16" monocyte population via the IL-10/STAT3 axis显示文摘 | Claire Lastrucci Alan Benard Luciana Balboa Karine Pingris Shanti Sourian Renaud Poincloux Talal A Saati Voahangy Rasolofo Pablo Gonzfilez-Montaner Sandra Inwentarz Eduardo Jose Morafia Ivanela Kondova Frank AW Verreck Maria del Carmen Sasiain Olivier Neyrolles Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino Ce1ine Cougoule | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，12： | 7 |
| 15 | Epidermal stem cells and skin tissue engineering in hair follicle regeneration显示文摘The reconstitution of a fully organized and functional hair follicle from dissociated cells propagated under defined tissue culture conditions is a challenge stillpending in tissue engineering. The loss of hair follicles caused by injuries or pathologies such as alopecia not only affects the patients' psychological well-being, but also endangers certain inherent functions of the skin. It is then of great interest to find different strategies aiming to regenerate or neogenerate the hair follicle under conditions proper of an adult individual. Based upon current knowledge on the epithelial and dermal cells and their interactions during the embryonic hair generation and adult hair cycling, many researchers have tried to obtain mature hair follicles using different strategies and approaches depending on the causes of hair loss. This review summarizes current advances in the different experimental strategies to regenerate or neogenerate hair follicles, with emphasis on those involving neogenesis of hair follicles in adult individuals using isolated cells and tissue engineering. Most of these experiments were performed using rodent cells, particularly from embryonic or newborn origin. However, no successful strategy to generate human hair follicles from adult cells has yet been reported. This review identifies several issues that should be considered to achieve this objective. Perhaps the most important challenge is to provide threedimensional culture conditions mimicking the structure of living tissue. Improving culture conditions that allow the expansion of specific cells while protecting their inductive properties, as well as methods for selecting populations of epithelial stem cells, should give us the necessary tools to overcome the difficulties that constrain human hair follicle neogenesis. An analysis of patent trends shows that the number of patent applications aimed at hair follicle regeneration and neogenesis has been increasing during the last decade. This field is attractive not only to academic researchers but also to the companies that own almost half of the patents in this field. | María Eugenia Balaná Hernán Eduardo Charreau Gustavo Jose Leirós | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，4： | 7 |
| 16 | Excretion of biliary compounds during intrauterine life显示文摘In adults,the hepatobiliary system,together with the kidney,constitute the main routes for the elimination of several endogenous and xenobiotic compounds into bile and urine,respectively.However,during intrauterine life the biliary route of excretion for cholephilic compounds,such as bile acids and biliary pigments,is very poor.Although very early in pregnancy the fetal liver produces bile acids,bilirubin and biliverdin,these compounds cannot be efficiently eliminated by the fetal hepatobiliary system,owing to the immaturity of the excretory machinery in the fetal liver.Therefore,the potentially harmful accumulation of cholephilic compounds in the fetus is prevented by their elimination across the placenta.Owing to the presence of detoxifying enzymes and specifi c transport systems at different locations of the placental barrier,such as the endothe-lial cells of chorionic vessels and trophoblast cells,this organ plays an important role in the hepatobiliary-like function during intrauterine life.The relevance of this excretory function in normal fetal physiology is evident in situations where high concentrations of biliary compounds are accumulated in the mother.This may result in oxidative stress and apoptosis,mainly in the placenta and fetal liver,which might affect normal fetal development and challenge the fate of the pregnancy.The present article reviews current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the hepatobiliary function of the fetal-placental unit and the repercussions of several pathological conditions on this tandem. | Rocio IR Macias Jose JG Marin Maria A Serrano | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，7： | 6 |
| 17 | Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: A comprehensive review and future research directions显示文摘Acute coronary syndromes constitute a variety of myocardial injury presentations that include a subset of patients presenting with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries(MINOCA).This acute coronary syndrome differs from type 1 myocardial infarction(MI)regarding patient characteristics,presentation,physiopathology,management,treatment,and prognosis.Two-thirds of MINOCA subjects present ST-segment elevation;MINOCA patients are younger,are more often female and tend to have fewer cardiovascular risk factors.Moreover,MINOCA is a working diagnosis,and defining the aetiologic mechanism is relevant because it affects patient care and prognosis.In the absence of relevant coronary artery disease,myocardial ischaemia might be triggered by an acute event in epicardial coronary arteries,coronary microcirculation,or both.Epicardial causes of MINOCA include coronary plaque disruption,coronary dissection,and coronary spasm.Microvascular MINOCA mechanisms involve microvascular coronary spasm,takotsubo syndrome(TTS),myocarditis,and coronary thromboembolism.Coronary angiography with non-significant coronary stenosis and left ventriculography are first-line tests in the differential study of MINOCA patients.The diagnostic arsenal includes invasive and non-invasive techniques.Medical history and echocardiography can help indicate vasospasm or thrombosis,if one finite coronary territory is affected,or specify TTS if apical ballooning is present.Intravascular ultrasound,optical coherence tomography,and provocative testing are encouraged.Cardiac magnetic resonance is a cornerstone in myocarditis diagnosis.MINOCA is not a benign diagnosis,and its polymorphic forms differ in prognosis.MINOCA care varies across centres,and future multi-centre clinical trials with standardized criteria may have a positive impact on defining optimal cardiovascular care for MINOCA patients. | Rafael Vidal-Perez Charigan Abou Jokh Casas Rosa Maria Agra-Bermejo Belén Alvarez-Alvarez Julia Grapsa Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho Pedro Rigueiro Veloso Jose Maria Garcia Acuña Jose Ramon Gonzalez-Juanatey | 2019 | World Journal of Cardiology2019，11，12： | 6 |
| 18 | Reduced Exposure to Calcineurin Inhibitors Early After Liver Transplantation Prevents Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma显示文摘 | Manuel Rodríguez-Perálvarez Emmanuel Tsochatzis María Carmen Naveas Giulia Pieri Carmen García-Caparrós James O’Beirne Antonio Poyato-González Gustavo Ferrín-Sánchez Jose Luis Montero-álvarez David Patch Douglas Thorburn Javier Brice?o Manuel De la Mata A | 2013 | Journal of Hepatology2013，，： | 5 |
| 19 | Fluoroquinolones for the treatment of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in liver transplantation显示文摘Solid organ transplantation(SOT)is the best treatment option for end-stage organ disease.Newer immunosuppressive agents have reduced the incidence of graft rejection but have increased the risk of infection,particularly due to the reactivation of latent infections due to opportunistic agents such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Active tuberculosis(TB)after SOT is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.Most cases of posttransplant TB are secondary to reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI)due to the effects of long-term immunosuppressive therapy.Risk minimization strategies have been developed to diagnose LTBI and initiate treatment prior to transplantation.Isoniazid with vitamin B6 supplementation is the treatment of choice.However,liver transplantation(LT)candidates and recipients have an increased risk of isoniazid-induced liver toxicity,leading to lower treatment completion rates than in other SOT populations.Fluoroquinolones(FQs)exhibit good in vitro antimycobacterial activity and a lower risk of drug-induced liver injury than isoniazid.In the present review,we highlight the disease burden posed by posttransplant TB and summarize the emerging clinical evidence supporting the use of FQs for the treatment of LTBI in LT recipients and candidates. | Jose Tiago Silva Rafael San-Juan Mario Fernández-Ruiz José María Aguado | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，26： | 5 |
| 20 | Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC)induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition,enhancing migration and invasion,and is associated with high Gleason score in prostate cancer显示文摘Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC)is a matricellular protein highly expressed in bone tissue that acts as achemoattractant factor promoting the arrival of prostate cancer(PCa)cells to the bone marrow.However,the contribution of SPARCduring the early stages of tumor progression remains unclear.In this study,we show that SPARC is highly expressed in PCa tissueswith a higher Gleason score.Through stable knockdown and overexpression of SPARC in PC3 and LNCaP cells,respectively,here wedem on strate that en doge nous SPARC induces the epithelial-mesenchymal tran sition(EMT),decreasing E-cadheri n and cytokeratin18 and increasing N-cadheri n and vime ntin.Moreover,SPARC in duces the expression of EMT regulatory tran scription factors Snailfamily transcriptional repressor 1(Snail),Snail family transcriptional repressor 2(Slug),and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1(Zeb1).In addition,SPARC knockdown in PC3 cells decreases migration and invasion in vitro,without modifying cell proliferation.Our results indicate that SPARC might facilitate tumor progression by modifying the cellular phenotype in cancer cells. | Fernanda Lopez-Moncada Maria Jose Torres Enrique A Castellon Hector R Contreras | 2019 | Asian Journal of Andrology2019，21，6： | 5 |
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