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| 1 | 1971-2009年珠穆朗玛峰地区尼泊尔境内气候变化显示文摘利用珠穆朗玛峰南坡尼泊尔境内(科西河流域)的10个气象站1971-2009年月平均气温、月平均最高、最低气温和逐月降水资料,采用线性趋势、Sen斜率估计、Mann-Kendall等方法分析区域气候变化状况及其时空特征,并与珠穆朗玛峰北坡地区气候进行比较,分析了珠穆朗玛峰地区气候变化的特征与趋势。结果表明:(1)1971-2009年间,珠穆朗玛峰南坡年平均气温为20.0℃,线性升温率为0.25℃/10a,与北坡主要受年平均最低气温影响相反,增幅主要受年平均最高气温升高的影响,并且在1974年及1992年间出现两次显著增温,增温特别明显的月份为2月和9月;(2)该地区降水变化的局地性较强,近40年间年平均降水量为1729.01mm,年平均降水量以每年约4.27mm的线性增幅有所增加,但并不显著,且降水月变化和季变化特征均不明显;(3)由于珠穆朗玛峰南坡受到季风带来暖湿气流和喜马拉雅山阻挡的双重影响,珠峰南坡的年平均降水量远高于北坡;(4)珠穆朗玛峰南坡气温变暖的海拔依赖性并不明显,且南坡地区的变暖趋势并没有北坡变暖趋势明显。 | 祁威 张镱锂 高俊刚 杨续超 刘林山 Narendra Raj KHANAL | 2013 | 地理学报2013，68，1： | 21 |
| 2 | Evaluation of mine scale longwall top coal caving parameters using continuum analysis显示文摘A mine-scale analysis of Longwall Top Coal Caving (LTCC) is performed using a continuum mechanics finite element solver called COSFLOW. The uniqueness of COSFLOW is that it incorporates Cosserat continuum theory in its formulation for describing the load deformation of bedded rocks. It is shown that such a continuum based code is valuable for assessing the feasibility of introducing LTCC in any mine. Various LTCC parameters, for example chock convergences, top coal failure behavior, strata cavingmechanism, abutment stresses and vertical stresses, were evaluated for a mine using COSFLOW. | Manoj Khanal Deepak Adhikary Rao Balusu | 2011 | Mining Science and Technology2011，21，6： | 9 |
| 3 | 科西河跨境流域水旱灾害与防治显示文摘科西河流域是恒河的一个重要支流,地跨中国、尼泊尔和印度3个国家,流域面积7.15万km2,流域具有世界上最大的高差(从海拔8 848 m的珠穆朗玛峰到海拔60 m的恒河平原),最为完整的气候、土壤和植被带谱。流域发育有罕见的多类型水旱灾害,主要有冰湖溃决、洪水、干旱、水土流失等。通过实地调查这一代表性跨界流域的水文、气象、地质、地貌、土壤植被和区域社会经济等基本特征并结合已有的研究资料,揭示流域冰湖溃决、洪水、干旱等水旱灾害的特征和时空发育规律。流域冰湖溃决灾害集中于科西河流域上级支流,灾害损失巨大,并由于溃决洪水的侵蚀,沿途链状滑坡泥石流灾害发育;洪水灾害主要集中于流域下游,在相对较高标准的防洪体系中,洪水灾害是自然因素和人为因素相结合产生的,并造成流域水土流失严重;干旱灾害范围大,年内持续时间长,并且由于人口增加和生态退化进一步严重化。最后,依据流域水旱灾害特点,提出一系列减灾策略与措施。 | 胡桂胜 陈宁生 Narendra Khanal 韩大为 | 2012 | 地球科学进展2012，27，8： | 9 |
| 4 | Review of studies on land use and land cover change in Nepal显示文摘Land use and land cover(LULC) in Nepal has undergone constant change over the past few decades due to major changes caused by anthropogenic and natural factors and their impacts on the national and regional environment and climate.This comprehensive review of past and present studies of land use and land cover change(LUCC) in Nepal concentrates on cropland, grassland, forest, snow/glacier cover and urban areas. While most small area studies have gathered data from different sources and research over a short period, across large areas most historical studies have been based on aerial photographs such as the Land Resource Mapping Project in 1986. The recent trend in studies in Nepal is to focus on new concepts and techniques to analyze LULC status on the basis of satellite imagery, with the help of geographic information system and remote sensing tools. Studies based on historical documents, and historical and recent spatial data on LULC, have clearly shown an increase in cropland areas in Nepal,and present results indicating different rates and magnitudes. A decrease in forest and snow/glacier coverage is reported in most studies. Little information is available on grassland and urban areas from past research. The unprecedented rate of urbanization in Nepal has led to significant urban land changes over the past 30 years. Meanwhile, long term historical LUCC research in Nepal is required for extensive work on spatially explicit reconstructions on the basis of historical and primary data collection, including LULC archives and drivers for future change. | Basanta PAUDEL ZHANG Yi-li LI Shi-cheng LIU Lin-shan WU Xue Narendra Raj KHANAL | 2016 | Journal of Mountain Science2016，13，4： | 7 |
| 5 | Growth performance,gastrointestinal weight,microbial metabolites and apparent retention of components in broiler chickens fed up to 11%rice bran in a corn-soybean meal diet without or with a multi-enzyme supplement显示文摘We investigated the effects of adding up to 11% rice bran(RB) in corn-soybean meal diets fed to broiler chickens without or with a multi-enzyme supplement(MES). The MES supplied xylanase, b-glucanase invertase, protease, cellulase, a-amylase and mannanase with targeted activity of 2,500, 300, 700, 10,0001,200, 24,000, and 20 U/kg of feed, respectively. The study used a two-phase feeding program(starter d 0 to 24; finisher, d 25 to 35) with RB added at 5% and 11%, respectively creating 4 diets in each phase Diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous and contained phytase(500 FTU/kg) and TiO_2 as a digestibility marker. Three hundred and sixty d-old male Ross 708 broiler chicks were placed in cages based on BW(15 birds/cage) and allocated to 4 diets(n = 6). Birds had free access to feed and water. Body weight and feed intake were recorded. Excreta samples were collected 3 d prior to the end of each phase for apparent retention(AR) of components. Samples of birds were sacrificed on d 24 and 35 for gut weight and ceca digesta for organic acid content. There was no interaction(P > 0.10) between RB and MES on BWG and FCR in starter or finisher phase. In finisher phase, birds fed MES had better BWG(961 versus 858 g) and FCR(1.69 versus 1.86) than birds fed non-MES diets(P < 0.01). Feeding RB reduced(P = 0.02) BWG in finisher phase resulting in lower d 35 BW. Birds fed RB had higher(P 0.01) gizzard weight on d 24 and 35 than non-RB birds. An interaction(P 0.01) between RB and MES on concentrations of propionic and iso-butyric acids in ceca digesta showed that MES reduced these acids in non-RB diet. The AR of gross energy was higher(P < 0.02) for MES versus non-MES birds in starter and finisher phases. In conclusion independently, RB increased gizzard weight and reduced final BW whereas MES improved growth and energy utilization. | Juan Sanchez Aizwarya Thanabalan Tanka Khanal Rob Patterson Bogdan A.Slominski Elijah Kiarie | 2019 | Animal Nutrition2019，，1： | 6 |
| 6 | 脑室给予不同剂量的Capsazepine对LPS致大鼠发热过程的影响显示文摘目的在大鼠侧脑室内给予不同剂量的瞬时受体电位香草酸受体1(transient receptor potential vanilloid 1,TRPV1)拮抗剂Capsazepine,观察对LPS致热过程的影响。方法在侧脑室内预先给与3种剂量Capsazepine,随之腹腔给与LPS致热。在腹腔内埋植发射子遥测体温变化过程,同时应用荧光测定法检测下丘脑细胞内钙离子浓度的变化,Western blot方法检测TRPV1表达水平。结果随着Capsazepine剂量增大,LPS致大鼠发热水平升高,下丘脑细胞内钙离子浓度减少,TRPV1表达水平降低。结论 Capsazepine作用于大鼠下丘脑,可使LPS诱导的发热水平提高,此效应可能与TRPV1的作用有关。 | Bibek Khanal 施蓓 Puja Paudel 张璠 秦鑫 曹宇 | 2015 | 中国药理学通报2015，31，1： | 4 |
| 7 | Characteristics of landslide in Koshi River Basin,Central Himalaya显示文摘Koshi River basin, which lies in the Central Himalayas with an area of 71,500 km2, is an important trans-boundary river basin shared by China, Nepal and India. Yet, landslide-prone areas are all located in China and Nepal, imposing alarming risks of widespread damages to property and loss of human life in both countries. Against this backdrop, this research, by utilizing remote sensing images and topographic maps, has identified a total number of 6877 landslides for the past 23 years and further examined their distribution, characteristics and causes. Analysis shows that the two-step topography in the Himalayan region has a considerable effect on the distribution of landslides in this area. Dense distribution of landslides falls into two regions: the Lesser Himalaya(mostly small and medium size landslides in east-west direction) and the TransitionBelt(mostly large and medium size landslides along the river in north-south direction). Landslides decrease against the elevation while the southern slopes of the Himalayas have more landslides than its northern side. Change analysis was carried out by comparing landslide distribution data of 1992, 2010 and 2015 in the Koshi River basin. The rainfallinduced landslides, usually small and shallow and occurring more frequently in regions with an elevation lower than 1000 m, are common in the south and south-east slopes due to heavy precipitation in the region, and are more prone to the slope gradient of 20°~30°. Most of them are distributed in Proterozoic stratum(Pt3ε, Pt3 and Pt2-3) and Quaternary stratum. While for earthquake-induced landslides, they are more prone to higher elevations(2000~3000 m) and steeper slopes(40°~50°). | ZHANG Jian-qiang LIU Rong-kun DENG Wei KHANAL Narendra Raj GURUNG Deo Raj MURTHY Manchiraju Sri Ramachandra | 2016 | Journal of Mountain Science2016，13，10： | 4 |
| 8 | Gene set enrichment analysis of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from Ficus benghalensis显示文摘Objective:To identify alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from Ficus benghalensis and analyze gene set enrichment of regulated protein molecules.Methods:The phytoconstituents of Ficu.s benghalen.sis were queried for inhibitors of alphaglucosidase,also identified as aldose reductase inhibitors.Druglikeness score,absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion and toxicity profile,biological spectrum,and gene expression were predicated for each compound.Docking study was performed to predict the binding affinity with alpha-glucosidase and aldose reductase and compared with clinically proven molecules.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was performed for the regulated genes to identify the modulated pathways.Results:Apigenin,3,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxy-3’-methoxyflavone,and kaempferol were identified as inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase and aldose reductase.Kaempferol was predicted to possess the highest binding affinity with both targets.The p53 signaling pathway was predicted to modulate the majority of protein molecules in diabetes mellitus.All the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors were also predicted as membrane integrity agonist and anti-mutagenic compounds.Conclusions:The current study indicates alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from Ficus benghale,nsis can act as aldose reductase inhibitors after absorption from the intestinal tract.Furthermore,these phytoconstituents are involved in the regulation of numerous protein molecules and pathways.Hence,the anti-diabetic efficacies of these compounds are due to their action on multiple protein molecules and synergistic effects which should be confirmed by future investigations. | Pukar Khanal B.M.Patil | 2019 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2019，9，6： | 3 |
| 9 | 基于遥感影像的甘达基流域博卡拉和巴拉普尔的土地利用变化及其驱动力研究(英文)显示文摘城市扩张是反映经济增长的重要指标,但随意的城市扩张也带来了严重的社会经济问题、环境问题以及城市土地管理问题。在这个背景下,理解城市扩张的过程对于指导城市的可持续增长具有重要意义。本研究采用基于遥感影像的监督分类方法,分析了甘达基流域内的两个大城市—博卡拉和巴拉普尔1990–2018年的城市用地变化。结果表明:在过去的28年,博卡拉和巴拉普尔的城市面积分别显著扩张了300%和近500%。人口增长、城市基础设施和便利的生活方式引起周边地区向城市的人口迁移,是造成本研究区城市扩张的主要原因。除此之外,不断变化的城市定义和城市边界的扩张是造成城市快速扩张的关键因素。由于上述两个城市拥有高水平的商业活动以及现代化的设施,未来城市规模可能继续扩大。应当通过城市规划和政策减少随意的城市扩张,从而实现城市的可持续发展。 | Raju RAI 张镱锂 Basanta PAUDEL Narendra Raj KHANAL Bipin Kumar ACHARYA | 2020 | Journal of Resources and Ecology2020，11，1： | 3 |
| 10 | 发展中国家的可再生能源:沼气的机遇和挑战显示文摘能源对于现代社会至关重要,是社会经济发展最重要的指标之一。尽管科技不断发展,但仍然有约30亿人(主要集中在发展中国家的农村地区),继续通过在传统的炉灶中燃烧生物质资源(如柴薪、秸秆、动物粪便)的方式来满足烹饪的能源需求。这种方式对环境、社会、经济、公众健康都带来极大负面影响。这些地区要实现可持续性发展,开发干净清洁、价格低廉的可再生能源就势在必行。把现有的生物质资源(动物粪便、秸秆、餐厨垃圾、绿色废弃物)提炼成更加清洁高效的能源载体(例如厌氧发酵产生的沼气),不仅具有提供清洁、可靠能源的独特潜力,同时又能保护当地和全球的环境。尽管沼气对发展中国家来说意义重大,但其面临着成本高、设备安装和维护专业知识缺乏等问题,因而在地理位置分散的社区难以广泛推广应用。因此,政府和非政府层面的通力协作就显得至关重要,从而促进沼气技术的更新改造和传播,开发尚未被开发的潜力。文章旨在通过分析沼气技术的现状、挑战和潜力,明确它在发展中国家未来的研究方向和发展传播路径。 | K C Surendra Devin Takara rew G Hashimoto Samir Kumar Khanal 李谦 | 2015 | 中国沼气2015，33，1： | 3 |
| 11 | Tumor targeted mesoporous silica-coated gold nanorods facilitate detection of pancreatic tumors using Multispectral optoacoustic tomography显示文摘Multispectral optoacoustic 断层摄影术(MSOT ) 是在传统的形式上提供几个优点的一种新兴的成像技术,特别地处于它解决在显微镜的规模上的深度的光对比的能力。当潜在的应用包括临床的阀值由当前的技术设置了的下面的肿瘤的早察觉时,肿瘤特定的对比代理人的缺乏限制 MSOT 成像的使用。因此,我们与 polyacrylic 酸(泛美航空公司) 或 aminefunctionalized mesoporous 硅石(MS ) 由涂层金牌 nanorods (GNR ) 构造了高度稳定的 nano 对比代理人。Syndecan-1,被显示了指向像胰岛素的生长因素 1 受体(IGF1-R )( 在胰腺的肿瘤的 upregulated ) ,在泛美航空公司涂的 GNR (PAA-GNRs ) 或 MS 涂的 GNR (MS-GNRs ) 的表面上被结合创造指向肿瘤的 nanoparticles。在 vitro, nanoparticles 指向的肿瘤与流动 cytometry 被估计。在 S2VP10L 房间(为 IGF1-R 积极) , syndecan-1 MS-GNRs (Syndecan-MS-GNRs ) 在 OA 信号表明了增加, 10x,与 syndecan-1 PAAGNR (Syndecan-PAA-GNRs ) 相比。最小的绑定在 MiaPaca-2 房间被观察(为 IGF1-R 否定) 。在 vivo,肿瘤 Syndecan-MS-GNRs 的特定的指向用鼠科的 orthotopic 被评估胰腺的癌症模型。Syndecan- MS-GNRs 比在象肝那样的离开目标机关在胰腺的肿瘤以内表明了显著地更大的累积。与 IGF1-R 否定 MiaPaca-2 房间植入的老鼠没表明指向的特定的肿瘤。在摘要,我们报导指向的 nano 对比代理人(Syndecan-MS-GNRs ) 能成功地检测 orthotopic 有在用 MSOT 的 vivo 有约束力的最小的离开目标的胰腺的肿瘤。 | Anil Khanal Christopher Ullum Charles W Kimbrough Nichola C. Garbett Joseph A. Burlison Molly W. McNally Phillip Chuong Ayman S. EI-Baz Jacek B. Jasinski Lacey R. McNally | 2015 | Nano Research2015，8，12： | 2 |
| 12 | Magnesium incorporated chitosan based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications显示文摘Chitosan based porous scaffolds are of great interest in biomedical applications especially in tissue engineering because of their excellent biocompatibility in vivo,controllable degradation rate and tailorable mechanical properties.This paper presents a study of the fabrication and characterization of bioactive scaffolds made of chitosan(CS),carboxymethyl chitosan(CMC)and magnesium gluconate(MgG).Scaffolds were fabricated by subsequent freezing-induced phase separation and lyophilization of polyelectrolyte complexes of CS,CMC and MgG.The scaffolds possess uniform porosity with highly interconnected pores of 50-250 μm size range.Compressive strengths up to 400 kPa,and elastic moduli up to 5 MPa were obtained.The scaffolds were found to remain intact,retaining their original threedimensional frameworks while testing in in-vitro conditions.These scaffolds exhibited no cytotoxicity to 3T3 fibroblast and osteoblast cells.These observations demonstrate the efficacy of this new approach to preparing scaffold materials suitable for tissue engineering applications. | Udhab Adhikari Nava PRijal Shalil Khanal Devdas Pai Jagannathan Sankar Narayan Bhattarai | 2016 | Bioactive Materials2016，1，2： | 2 |
| 13 | The Study of Kinetic Energy of Ion and Sheath Thickness in Magnetized Plasma Sheath显示文摘 | Roshan Chalise Raju Khanal | 2015 | 材料科学与工程(中英文A版)2015，5，1： | 2 |
| 14 | 喜马拉雅碰撞造山过程:变质地质学视角显示文摘本文从变质地质学视角出发,介绍了喜马拉雅造山带的研究意义、地质概况和近年来作者在喜马拉雅碰撞造山过程研究中的进展。喜马拉雅造山带是威尔逊旋回中陆陆碰撞造山带的典型代表,从中揭示的大陆碰撞造山过程、规律及效应,可为探索地球从古至今的碰撞造山带演化研究所借鉴。其中,大陆碰撞造山机制的研究是其核心内容。大陆碰撞造山机制存在临界楔和隧道流两种端元模型之争,其分别对造山带核部高级变质岩折返的P-T-t轨迹和时空演化序列进行了不同的预测。上述争议可通过研究喜马拉雅核部高级变质岩(高喜马拉雅)的P-T-t轨迹和折返过程来限定,据此可将喜马拉雅碰撞造山过程划分为三个演化阶段。阶段一:60~40 Ma,软碰撞期,造山带地壳加厚至约40 km并发生小规模部分熔融,这些早期地壳加厚记录大多已被剥蚀,零星保存于前陆飞来峰和北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹隆中;喜马拉雅山从海平面以下抬升至>1000 m。阶段二:40~16 Ma,硬碰撞期,造山带地壳加厚至60~70 km,发生大规模高级变质和深熔作用,高喜马拉雅内部的三个次级岩片沿着“原喜马拉雅逆冲断层”、“高喜马拉雅逆冲断层”、“主中央逆冲断层”顺序式向南挤出,形成了现今喜马拉雅造山带的核部主体,地壳堆叠使喜马拉雅山快速隆升至≥5000 m。阶段三:16~0 Ma,晚碰撞期,造山带山根榴辉岩化发生局部拆沉,但大陆汇聚仍在持续、造山带尚未发生垮塌,小喜马拉雅折返、前陆盆地形成,喜马拉雅山达到和维持现今平均高度~6000 m。因此,喜马拉雅生长过程的一级次序是顺序式向南扩展的,受控于临界楔模型,而隧道流只起次级作用。山根深部热流过程对造山带的地壳结构和地表高程有巨大的改造作用。未来对喜马拉雅造山带的变质地质学研究可能存在以下几个关键科学问题:(1)喜马拉雅极端变质作用与重大碰撞造山事件的关联;(2)喜马拉雅稀有金属成矿与接触变质作用的关联;(3)喜马拉雅变质脱碳作用与大陆碰撞带深部碳循环和通量。 | 王佳敏 吴福元 张进江 Gautam KHANAL 杨雷 | 2022 | 地质学报2022，96，9： | 2 |
| 15 | Numerical analysis and geotechnical assessment of mine scale model显示文摘Various numerical methods are available to model,simulate,analyse and interpret the results;however a major task is to select a reliable and intended tool to perform a realistic assessment of any problem.For a model to be a representative of the realistic mining scenario,a verified tool must be chosen to perform an assessment of mine roof support requirement and address the geotechnical risks associated with longwall mining.The dependable tools provide a safe working environment,increased production,efficient management of resources and reduce environmental impacts of mining.Although various methods,for example,analytical,experimental and empirical are being adopted in mining,in recent days numerical tools are becoming popular due to the advancement in computer hardware and numerical methods.Empirical rules based on past experiences do provide a general guide,however due to the heterogeneous nature of mine geology(i.e.,none of the mine sites are identical),numerical simulations of mine site specific conditions would lend better insights into some underlying issues.The paper highlights the use of a continuum mechanics based tool in coal mining with a mine scale model.The continuum modelling can provide close to accurate stress fields and deformation.The paper describes the use of existing mine data to calibrate and validate the model parameters,which then are used to assess geotechnical issues related with installing a new high capacity longwall mine at the mine site.A variety of parameters,for example,chock convergences,caveability of overlying sandstones,abutment and vertical stresses have been estimated. | Khanal Manoj Adhikary Deepak Balusu Rao | 2012 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2012，22，5： | 2 |
| 16 | Role of particle stiffness and inter-particle sliding friction in milling of particles显示文摘Discrete element method(DEM) has been used to investigate the effects of particle elastic modulus and coefficient of inter-particle sliding friction on milling of mineral particles.An autogeneous mill of 600 mm diameter and 320 mm length with 14,500 particles has been selected for the simulation.Various mill performance parameters,for example,particle trajectories,collision frequency,collision energy and mill power have been evaluated to understand the effects of particle elastic modulus and inter-particle sliding friction during milling of particles.For the given model,it has been concluded that at high energy range,as the elastic modulus and particle sliding friction increase the energy dissipated among the particles increases.The collision frequency increases with the increase in elastic modulus,however,this trend is not clearly observed with increasing inter-particle sliding friction.The power draw of the mill increases with the increase in fraction of mill critical speed. | Manoj Khanal Chandana T.Jayasundara | 2014 | Particuology2014，12，5： | 2 |
| 17 | Metformin inhibits heme oxygenase-1 expression in cancer cells through inactivation of Raf-ERK-Nrf2 signaling and AMPK-independent pathways显示文摘 | Minh Truong Do Hyung Gyun Kim Tilak Khanal Jae Ho Choi Dong Hee Kim Tae Cheon Jeong Hye Gwang Jeong | 2013 | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology2013，，2： | 2 |
| 18 | 玻璃纤维的偶联/接枝改性及其对HDPE/竹粉复合材料性能的影响显示文摘通过熔体共混制备了玻璃纤维(GF)增强的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/竹粉(BF)复合材料(HDPE/BF)。为了增强GF与基体之间的相互作用,先用γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷对GF进行处理,在GF表面引入双建,然后在熔体共混过程中加入少量过氧化二异丙苯,引发双建与基体之间的接枝反应,使GF与HDPE产生化学键合。通过弯曲和冲击实验测试了复合材料的力学性能,通过热失重和维卡软化点表征了复合材料的热性能,并用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的形貌结构。结果表明,通过偶联/接枝的协同改性,GF与基体之间的界面相互作用增强,使HDPE/BF复合材料的力学性能和热性能得到大幅提高。 | 张炜鹏 KHANAL Santosh 徐世爱 | 2019 | 功能高分子学报2019，32，3： | 2 |
| 19 | Coronary vasospasm:A narrative review显示文摘Coronary artery vasospasm(CAVS)plays an important role in acute chest pain syndrome caused by transient and partial or complete occlusion of the coronary arteries.Pathophysiology of the disease remains incompletely understood,with autonomic and endothelial dysfunction thought to play an important role.Due to the dynamic nature of the disease,its exact prevalence is not entirely clear but is found to be more prevalent in East Asian and female population.Cigarette smoking remains a prominent risk factor,although CAVS does not follow traditional coronary artery disease risk factors.Many triggers continue to be identified,with recent findings identifying chemotherapeutics,allergens,and inflammatory mediators as playing some role in the exacerbation of CAVS.Provocative testing with direct visualization is currently the gold-standard for diagnosis,but non-invasive tests,including the use of biomarkers,are being increasingly studied to aid in the diagnosis.Treatment of the CAVS is an area of active research.Apart from risk factor modification,calcium channel blockers are currently the first line treatment,with nitrates playing an important adjunct role.High-risk patients with life-threatening complications should be considered for implantable cardioverter defibrillator(ICD),although timing criteria for escalated therapy require further investigation.The role of pharmaceuticals targeting oxidative stress remains incompletely understood. | Jacob Jewulski Sumesh Khanal Khagendra Dahal | 2021 | World Journal of Cardiology2021，13，9： | 2 |
| 20 | The Himalayan Collisional Orogeny:A Metamorphic Perspective显示文摘This paper introduces how crustal thickening controls the growth of the Himalaya by summarizing the P-T-t evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core.The Himalayan orogeny was divided into three stages.Stage 60–40 Ma:The Himalayan crust thickened to~40 km through Barrovian-type metamorphism(15–25°C/km),and the Himalaya rose from<0 to~1000 m.Stage 40–16 Ma:The crust gradually thickened to 60–70 km,resulting in abundant high-grade metamorphism and anatexis(peak-P,15–25°C/km;peak-T,>30°C/km).The three sub-sheets in the Himalayan metamorphic core extruded southward sequentially through imbricate thrusts of the Eo-Himalayan thrust,High Himalayan thrust,and Main Central thrust,and the Himalaya rose to≥5,000 m.Stage 16–0 Ma:the mountain roots underwent localized delamination,causing asthenospheric upwelling and overprinting of the lower crust by ultra-high-temperature metamorphism(30–50°C/km),and the Himalaya reached the present elevation of~6,000 m.Underplating and imbricate thrusting dominated the Himalaya’growth and topographic rise,conforming to the critical taper wedge model.Localized delamination of mountain roots facilitated further topographic rise.Future Himalayan metamorphic studies should focus on extreme metamorphism and major collisional events,contact metamorphism and rare metal mineralization,metamorphic decarbonation and the carbon cycle in collisional belts. | WANG Jiamin WU Fuyuan ZHANG Jinjiang Gautam KHANAL YANG Lei | 2022 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2022，96，6： | 2 |
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