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| 1 | Effectiveness of breathing exercises during the second stage of labor on labor pain and duration: a randomized controlled trial显示文摘BACKGROUND: Some research exists on the effect of non-pharmacological approaches for labor pain relief. However, there is limited information about effectiveness of breathing exercises in pregnant women to reduce maternal pain during labor.OBJECTIVE: To determine whether breathing exercises for pregnant women during the second stage of labor have beneficial effects on maternal pain, duration of labor, and the first-minute Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration(APGAR) scores. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: This randomized clinical trial involved 250 pregnant women, who were randomly divided into two groups: intervention group(IG; n = 125) and control group(CG; n = 125). IG received one session breathing exercise training and performed breathing exercises during the second stage of labor versus the CG that did not receive any breathing exercise training.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effects of breathing exercises on maternal pain were determined by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), duration of the second stage of labor, and the first-minute APGAR scores.RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was(23.2 ± 4.2)(range: 18 to 42) years. Both IG and CG had similar baseline characteristics in terms of age, education level, occupation, and smoking(P > 0.05). The mean VAS scores of IG and CG were(88.2 ± 6.3) and(90.5 ± 7.0), respectively(P < 0.001). The duration of the second stage of labor was(369.6 ± 92.0) s for IG and(440.7 ± 142.5) s for CG(P < 0.001). The mean first-minute APGAR scores were(8.84 ± 0.50) for IG and(8.73 ± 0.89) for CG(P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Based on this study, breathing exercises with deep inhalation and exhalation in pregnant women are effective in reducing the perception of labor pain and shortening the duration of the second stage of delivery. Therefore, we recommend breathing exercises as an effective modality for labor pain management and shortening the duration of labor.TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered on the website of ClinicalT rials.gov(www.clinicaltrials.gov) with the number of NCT03066973. | hilal yuksel yasemin cayir zahide kosan kenan tastan | 2017 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2017，15，6： | 6 |
| 2 | A large seminal vesicle cyst with contralateral agenesis显示文摘 | Kosan M Tul M Inal G | 2006 | Int Urol Nephrol2006，38，34： | 1 |
| 3 | Dissolution and forming of cellulose with ionic liquids显示文摘 | Kosan B Michels C Meister F | 2008 | Cellulose2008，15，： | 1 |
| 4 | Customer profitability analysis with time-driven activity-based costing:a case study in a hotel显示文摘 | I DALCI I TANIS V KOSAN L | 2010 | Intemational Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management2010，22，5： | 1 |
| 5 | On weakly nil-clean rings显示文摘我们获得每个元素是和或变换的 nilpotent 和幂等的差别的在戒指的结构。这扩大一枚可交换的弱无干净的戒指的结构定理, abelian 弱无干净的戒指,并且一枚强烈无干净的戒指。作为应用,这结果被用来决定 2-primal 包围 R 以便矩阵戒指\( \mathbb { M } _n (R)\)是弱无干净的,并且如果并且仅当它是无干净或暗淡的(V)=,证明内变质作用戒指在向量空间 V D 上结束 D (V)是弱无干净的 1 与D=3。 | M. Tamer KOSAN Yiqiang ZHOU | 2016 | Frontiers of Mathematics in China2016，11，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Are isolated anti-HBc blood donors in high risk group? The detection ofHBV DNA in isolated anti-HBc cases with nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) based on transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) and I-1BV discrimination 显示文摘 | Altunay H Kosan E Birinci I | 2010 | Transfus Apher Sei2010，43，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Photocatalytic degradation of oxalic acid over TiO 2 power显示文摘 | KOSANIC M M | 1998 | Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry1998，119，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Dissolution and forming of cellu- lose with ionic liquids显示文摘 | Kosan B Michels C Meister F | 2008 | Cellulose2008，15，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Transcription factor Gfi - 1 regulates self - renewal and engrafment of nematopoietic Stem cells 显示文摘 | Zeng H Yucel R Kosan C | 2004 | EMBO J2004，23，20： | 1 |
| 10 | Transcription 显示文摘 | Zeng H Yucel R Kosan C | 2004 | EMBO J2004，23，20： | 1 |
| 11 | Dissolution and forming of cellulose with ionic liquids显示文摘 | Birgit Kosan Christoph Michels Frank Meister | 2007 | Cellulose2007，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Dissolution and forming of cellulose with ionic liquids显示文摘 | Kosan B Michels C Meiste F | 2008 | Cellulose2008，15，： | 1 |
| 13 | Generalized cofinitely semiperfect modules显示文摘 | KOSAN M T | 2009 | Inter J Algebra2009，5，： | 1 |
| 14 | Contribution to the dissolution state of cellulose and cellulose derivatives 显示文摘 | MICHELS C KOSAN B | 2005 | Lenzinger Berichte2005，，84： | 1 |
| 15 | δ-lifting andδ-supplementedmodules显示文摘 | KOSAN M T HARMANCI A | 2007 | Algebra Colloq2007，12，： | 1 |
| 16 | The effect of diabetesmellitus on alphal-adrenergic receptor subtypes in the bladderof rats显示文摘 | Gonulalan U Kosan M Hafez G | 2012 | Urology2012，80，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Dissolution and forming of cellulose with ionic liquids 显示文摘 | KOSAN B MICHELS C MEISTE F | 2008 | Cellulose2008，15，： | 1 |
| 18 | δ-lifting and δ-supplementedmodules显示文摘 | Kosan M T | 2007 | Algebra Colloquium2007，14，： | 1 |
| 19 | Dissolution and forming of cellulose with ionic liquids显示文摘 | KOSAN B MICHELS C MEISTER F | 2008 | Cellulose2008，15，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Contribution to the dissolution state of cellulose and cellulose derivatives 显示文摘 | Michels C Kosan B | 2005 | Lenzinger Berichte2005，84，： | 1 |
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