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| 1 | A randomized controlled clinical trial on the treatment of Thymosin-a1 versus interferon-α in patients with hepatitis B显示文摘INTRODUCTIONChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious problem because of its world wide distribution and possible adverse sequelae ,such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma .The World Health Organization estimates that HBV has infected mord than 350 million people worldwide ,and up to 20% of them will become chromic carricrs and will be at significant risk for cirrhosis and HCC .The ultimate goal of the therapy for chronic hepatitis B is to prevent progression to cirrhosis and to prevent development of HCC. | Jing You Lin Zhuang Bao Zhang Tang Wei Bo Yang Su Ying Ding Wu Li Rong Xue Wu Hong Li Zhang Yan Mei Zhang Shao Ming Yan Lu Zhang ~1Department of Infectious Diseases,The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College,Kunming 650032,Yunnan Province,China ~2Departrnent of Hepatology,Kunming Third Municipal People’s Hospital,Kunming 650041,Yunnan Province,China | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，3： | 48 |
| 2 | Geochemistry and mineralogy of the Late Permian coals from the Songzao Coalfield, Chongqing, southwestern China显示文摘Mineralogy and geochemistry of the four main workable coal seams (No.6, No.7, No.8, and No.11) of Late Permian age from the Songzao Coalfield, Chongqing, Southwest China, were examined using in- ductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), cold-vapor absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS), ion-selective electrode (ISE), scanning electron mi- croscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results showed that the main workable No.8 Coal that accounts for about 60% of the total coal reserves in the Songzao Coalfield was not enriched in hazardous trace elements. The No.11 Coal has high concentrations of alkaline elements, Be (9.14 μg/g), Sc (12.9 μg/g), Ti (9508 μg/g), Mn (397 μg/g), Co (23.7 μg/g), Cu (108 μg/g), Zn (123 μg/g), Ga (32 μg/g), Zr (1304 μg/g), Nb (169 μg/g), Hf (32.7 μg/g), Ta (11.4 μg/g), W (24.8 μg/g), Hg (0.28 μg/g), Pb (28.1 μg/g), Th (24.1 μg/g), and rare earth elements (509.62 μg/g). The concentration of Nb and Ta in the No. 11 Coal is higher than the industrial grade, and their potential utilization should be further studied. Besides pyrite, quartz, calcite, and clay minerals, trace minerals including chalcopyrite, marcasite, siderite, albite, mixed-layer clay minerals of illite and smectite, monazite, apatite, anatase, chlorite, and gypsum were found in the No.11 Coal. It should be noted that alabandite of hydrothermal origin and anatase occurring as cement were identi- fied in coal. In addition, the clayey microbands derived from alkaline volcanic ashes were identified in the coal. The dominant compositions of these clayey microbands were mixed-layer clay minerals of illite and smectite, which were interlayered with organic bands. The modes of occurrence of alkaline volcanic ash bands indicate that the volcanic activities were characterized by the multiple eruptions, short time interval and small scale for each eruption during peat accumulation. The alkaline volcanic ashes were the dominant factors for the enrichment of alkaline elements, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and rare earth elements, and the sulfide minerals are the main carriers of Ga, Cu, and Hg in the No. 11 Coal. | DAI ShiFeng1,2, ZHOU YiPing3, REN DeYi1, WANG XiBo1, 2, LI Dan1, 2 & ZHAO Lei1, 2 1 State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining (China University of Mining and Technology), Beijing 100083, China 2 Department of Resources and Earth Science, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China 3 Kunming Research Institute of Coal Science, Kunming 650041, China | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，5： | 27 |
| 3 | Mineralization episode of porphyry copper deposits in the Jinshajiang-Red River mineralization belt: Re-Os dating显示文摘Re-Os isotopic dating for the molybdenites from the porphyry copper deposits of the Jinshajiang-Red River mineralization belt in Yunnan Province yields isochron ages of 33.9±1.1 Ma for the Machangqing deposit and 34.4±0.5 Ma for the Tongchang deposit. This result shows that both the Machangqing and the Tongchang porphyry Cu-Mo deposits from two different ore-fields formed simultaneously. This new data and the published Re-Os model ages of molybdenite (35.4 Ma, 35.9 Ma, 36.2 Ma) of the Yulong porphyry copper deposit in Tibet, which is located in the same Jinshajiang-Red River mineralization belt as the Machangqing deposit and the Tongchang deposit, suggest that these three Cenozoic porphyry copper deposits in the Jinshajiang-Red River mineralization belt were contemporary for their mineralization episode. That is to say, even their present locality is far away and nearly iso-distantly distributed, these three porphyry Cu(Mo) deposits belong to the same mineralization episode at the end of Eocene. | WANG Denghong, QU Wenjun, LI Zhiwei, YIN Hanlong4 & CHEN Yuchuan Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China National Center of Rock and Mineral Analysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China Resource Assessment Center of Yunnan, Kunming 650011, China Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，2： | 21 |
| 4 | Hepatitis C virus infections and genotypes in China显示文摘Objective: To define the conditions of hepatitis C vi-rus (HCV) infections, and geographic and demo-graphic distributions of genotypes in China.Methods: HCV infected patients were selected fromindividuals with different patterns of liver diseasesand high risk populations in different parts of China.Genotypes of HCV in some isolates were further ana-lyzed, based on the data from our laboratory studiesand some carefully selected published literatures.Results: The anti-HCV positive rates were 9.7% inpatients with acute hepatitis, 13.3% in patients withchronic hepatitis, 18.3% in patients with hepatocel-lular carcinoma, 33.0% in patients with liver cirrho-sis, and 43.2% in patients with posttransfusionalhepatitis (average, 16.2% in patients with liver di-seases). The anti-HCV positive rates in the high riskpopulations were 36.4% in leukemic patients,43.0% in hemodialysis patients, 12.7% in blood do-nors, 64.1% in drug abusers, 13.1% in prostitutes,and 2.57% in naturally healthy people. At least 4clades (clades 1, 2, 3 and 6) of HCV were found inChina with different geographic and demographicdistributions. Genotype 1b was the most widely dis-tributed genotype, and genotype 3 was mainly foundin Yunnan Province, Southwest China.Conclusion: China has a high incidence of HCV in-fection. Our results will provide a strategic basis fordiagnosis, treatment and possibly prophylaxis of he-patitis C virus diseases. | Yuan-Ding Chen Ming-Ying Liu Wen-Lin Yu Jia-Qi Li Mei Peng Qing Dai Xiao Liu Zhen-Quan Zhou From the Central Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China Kunming Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650041, China | 2002 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2002，1，2： | 18 |
| 5 | Application of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension显示文摘BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been widely adopted in treating benign gallbladder disea- ses. Cirrhosis and cirrhotic portal hypertension (CPH) are contraindicated for LC in its early period. In recent years, several studies have reported liberal use of LC in patients with cirrhosis. But its benefits and successful use in patients with CPH are less documented. This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility, safety and technical characteristics of LC in CPH patients. METHODS: In 38 patients with symptomatic gallbladder disease and CPH, 19 belonged to Child A class, 15 Child B class and 4 Child C class. Perioperative data of these pa- tients were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: LC was successfully performed in 36 patients, and 2 patients (5.3%) were converted to open cholecystec- tomy (OC) for difficulty in management of bleeding under laparoscopy and dense adhesion of Calot’ s triangle. The sur- gical time was 62.6±15.2 minutes. The estimated amount of intraoperative hemorrhage was 75.5±15.5 ml. No blood transfusion was necessary. The time to resume diet was 18.3 ±6.5 hours. Seven postoperative complications in 5 patients (13.2%) included port-site infection (1 patient), respiratory infection (2), upper digestive tract bleeding (1), slight hepatic encephalopathy (1) and increased ascites (2). All patients were cured and discharged from the hospital within 5.6±2.4 days after LC. CONCLUSIONS: Despite LC is difficult for CPH patients, it is feasible and relatively safe. To make LC successful in patients with CPH, it is necessary for surgeons to acquaint with the technical characteristics of LC and emphasize me- ticulous perioperative management. | Wu Ji, Ling-Tang Li, Xun-Ru Chen and Jie-Shou Li Nanjing, ChinaResearch Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing Ge- neral Hospital of Nanjing PLA Command, Nanjing 210002, China and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu PLA Command, Kunming 650032, China | 2004 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2004，3，2： | 13 |
| 6 | KINETICS OF REACTION BETWEEN PbS AND PbO显示文摘The rate equation of reaction between PbS and PbO is dα/dt=kxPbS3 xPbO-2.A transition product,PbSO4·2PbO,is found by X-ray diffraction analysis.The reaction mechanism was dis-cussed on the basis of electron transfer. | LI Cheng Beijing Central Design and Research Institute for Non-Ferrous Metallurgical Industry,Beijing,ChinaLIU Chunpeng,Kunming Institute of Technology,Kunming,China LI Cheng,Metallurgical Dept.No.l,Beijing Central Design and Research Institute for Non-Ferrous Metallurgical Industry,Beijing 100038,China | 1990 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)1990，3，11： | 12 |
| 7 | A Novel Hexanordammarane Glycoside from the Roots of Panax notoginseng显示文摘Notoginsenoside R10, a novel hexanordammarane glycoside was isolated from the roots of Panax nototginseng, as a minor constituent. Its structure was determined as 6-O-(?-D-glucopyranosyl)-3?,6?,12?-trihydroxy-22,23,24,25,26,27-hexanordammaran-20-one(1), by means of spectroscopic methods. | Hai Zhou LI, Rong Wei TENG, Chong Ren YANG* Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204 | 2001 | Chinese Chemical Letters2001，12，1： | 12 |
| 8 | PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF POLLING SYSTEMS WITH LIMITED SERVICE显示文摘This paper analyzes a queue mode] of the polling system with limited service (K=1) in discrete time. By the imbedded Markov chain theory and the probability generating function method, the mean values of queue length and message waiting time are explicitly obtained. Also, we give the simulation results. The results obtained by H. Tagai (1985) are revised. | Zhao Dongfeng Li Bihai Zheng Sumin(Department of Information and Electronic Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091) | 1998 | Journal of Electronics(China)1998，15，1： | 12 |
| 9 | The role of MC1R gene in buffalo coat color显示文摘Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) plays a major role in pigmentation in many species.To investigate if the MC1R gene is associated with coat color in water buffalo,the coding region of MC1R gene of 216 buffalo samples was sequenced,which included 49 black river buffalo (Murrah and Nili-Ravi),136 swamp buffalo (Dehong,Diandongnan,Dechang,Guizhou,and Xilin) with white and gray body,and 31 hybrid offspring of river buffalo Nili-Ravi (or Murrah) and swamp buffalo.Among the three variation sites found,SNP684 was synonymous,while SNP310 and SNP384 were nonsynonymous,leading to p.S104G and p.I128M changes,respectively.Only Individuals carrying homozygote EBR/EBR were black.The genotype and phenotype analysis of the hybrid offspring of black river buffalo and gray swamp buffalo further revealed that the river buffalo type allele EBR or the allele carrying the amino acid p.104S was important for the full function of MC1R.The in silico functional analysis showed that the amino acid substitutions p.G104S and p.M128I had significant impact on the function of MC1R.Above results indicate that the allele EBR or the allele carrying the amino acid p.104S was associated with the black coat color in buffalo. | MIAO YongWang1,2,WU GuiSheng3,WANG Lei2,LI DaLin4,TANG ShouKun5,LIANG JianPing2,MAO HuaMing2,LUO HuaiRong3 & ZHANG YaPing1,6 1 Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China 2 Faculty of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China 3 Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204,China 4 Yunnan Institute of Buffalo Science and Technology,Kunming 650021,China 5 Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Luxi city,Luxi 678400,China 6 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，2： | 8 |
| 10 | Non-image diagnosis of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy显示文摘Objective: To evaluate the role of simple non-imagetechnique in intraoperative diagnosis of bile duct in-jury (BDI).Methods: BDI was highly suspected at the original la-paroscopic cholecystectomy (LC) when the following 3abnormal findings were noted: the 'cystic duct' stump(the common bile duct stump actually) markedly re-tracted down to the duodenum; bile leakage from theporta hepatis; abnormal mucosal patch attached to the'cystic duct' stump of the removed gallbladder. Allcases of suspected BDI were converted to have laparo-tomy. Image techniques such as intraoperative cholan-giography or ultrasonography were not utilized forrecognition of BDI in all 9 patients.Results: BDI in 4 of the 9 patients was suspected ac-cording to 1-3 abnormal intraoperative findings de-scribed above. The four patients were subjected imme-diately to converted laparotomy. Abnormal findingswere not observed or misinterpreted in the other 5misdiagnosed patients.Conclusions: Timely recognizing whether BDI occursshould be considered as a routine procedure ofLC. Negligence of operators to the abnormalities of theoriginal LC, is the main cause of misdiagnosis forBDL. Simple non-image approaches such as close ob-servation of these abnormalities can make timely diag-nosis for most BDIs during the original LC. | Ding Luo Xun-Ru Chen Shen-Hong Li Jing-Xi Mao Shao-Ming Yu From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Kunming General Hospital, Kunming 650032, China | 2002 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2002，1，1： | 7 |
| 11 | Dynamical understanding of loop soliton solution for several nonlinear wave equations显示文摘It has been found that some nonlinear wave equations have one-loop soliton solutions. What is the dynamical behavior of the so-called one-loop soliton solution? To answer this question, the travelling wave solutions for four nonlinear wave equations are discussed. Exact explicit parametric representations of some special travelling wave solutions are given. The results of this paper show that a loop solution consists of three different breaking travelling wave solutions. It is not one real loop soliton travelling wave solution. | Ji-bin LI Department of Mathematics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China | 2007 | Science China Mathematics2007，50，6： | 6 |
| 12 | Asymmetric interaction will facilitate the evolution of cooperation显示文摘Explaining the evolution of cooperation remains one of the greatest problems for both biology and social science. The classical theories of cooperation suggest that cooperation equilibrium or evolutionary stable strategy between partners can be maintained through genetic similarity or reciprocity relatedness. These classical theories are based on an assumption that partners interact symmetrically with equal payoffs in a game of cooperation interaction. However, the payoff between partners is usually not equal and therefore they often interact asymmetrically in real cooperative systems. With the Hawk–Dove model, we find that the probability of cooperation between cooperative partners will depend closely on the payoff ratio. The higher the payoff ratio between recipients and cooperative actors, the greater will be the probability of cooperation interaction between involved partners. The greatest probability of conflict between cooperative partners will occur when the payoff between partners is equal. The results show that this asymmetric relationship is one of the key dynamics of the evolution of cooperation, and that pure cooperation strategy (i.e., Nash equilibrium) does not exist in asymmetrical cooperation systems, which well explains the direct conflict observed in almost all of the well documented cooperation systems. The model developed here shows that the cost-to-benefit ratio of cooperation is also negatively correlated with the probability of cooperation interaction. A smaller cost-to-benefit ratio of cooperation might be created by the limited dispersal ability or exit cost of the partners involved, and it will make the punishment of the non-cooperative individuals by the recipient more credible, and therefore make it more possible to maintain stable cooperation interaction. | WANG RuiWu1, HE JunZhou1,2, WANG YaQiang1,2, SHI Lei1,3 & LI YaoTang1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650223, China 2 School of Mathematics and Statistics, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China 3 Statistics and Mathematics College, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650221, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，8： | 6 |
| 13 | Characterization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and identification of a novel haplotype 487G>A/IVS5-612(G>C) in the Achang population of southwestern China显示文摘The prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and its gene mutations were studied in the Achang population from Lianghe County in Southwestern China. We found that 7.31% (19 of 260) males and 4.35% (10 of 230) females had G6PD deficiency. The molecular analysis of G6PD gene exons 2―13 was performed by a PCR-DHPLC-Sequencing or PCR-Sequencing. Sixteen inde-pendent subjects with G6PD Mahidol (487G>A) and the new polymorphism IVS5-612 (G>C), which combined into a novel haplotype, were identified accounting for 84.2% (16/19). And 100% Achang G6PD Mahidol were linked to the IVS5-612 C. The percentage of G6PD Mahidol in the Achang group is close to that in the Myanmar population (91.3% 73/80), which implies that there are some gene flows between Achang and Myanmar populations. Interestingly, G6PD Canton (1376G>T) and G6PD Kaiping (1388G>A), which were the most common G6PD variants from other ethnic groups in China, were not found in this Achang group, suggesting that there are different G6PD mutation profiles in the Achang group and other ethnic groups in China. Our findings appear to be the first documented report on the G6PD genetics of the AChang people, which will provide important clues to the Achang ethnic group origin and will help prevention and treatment of malaria in this area. | YANG YinFeng, ZHU YueChun, LI DanYi, LI ZhiGang, Lü HuiRu, WU Jing, TANG Jing & TONG ShuFen Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Kunming University of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650031, China These authors contributed equally to this work | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，4： | 6 |
| 14 | ON THE ESTIMATIONS OF BOUNDS FOR DETERMINANT OF HADAMARD PRODUCT OF H-MATICES显示文摘In this paper, some estimations of bounds for determinant of Hadamard product of H-matrices are given. The main result is the following: if A= (aij) and B=(bij) are nonsingular H-matrices of order n and ∏in=1, aiibii> 0, and Ak and Bk, k = 1, 2,…,n, are the k× k leading principal submatrices of A and B, respectively, then where M(Ak) denotes the comparison mains of Ak. | Yao-tang Li (Department of Mathemotics, Yuunan University, Kunming 650091, China) Ji-cheng Li (Department of Mathematics, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 71049, China) | 2001 | Journal of Computational Mathematics2001，19，4： | 6 |
| 15 | Exact traveling wave solutions and dynamical behavior for the (n+1)-dimensional multiple sine-Gordon equation显示文摘Using the methods of dynamical systems for the (n+ 1)-dimensional multiple sine-Gordon equation, the existences of uncountably infinite many periodic wave solutions and breaking bounded wave solutions axe obtained. For the double sine-Gordon equation, the exact explicit parametric representations of the bounded traveling solutions are given. To guarantee the existence of the above solutions, all parameter conditions are determined. | Ji-bin LI Department of Mathematics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China | 2007 | Science China Mathematics2007，50，2： | 6 |
| 16 | Three-dimensional identification of the cystic infundibulum-cystic duct junction: a technique for identification of the cystic duct in laparoscopic cholecystectomy显示文摘OBJECTIVE: The main cause of bile duct injury (BDI) at laparoscopic cholecystectomy ismisidentification of the common bile duct as the cystic duct (CD). The aim of this article is to introducea modified technique, i. e., three-dimensional identification of the cystic infundibulum (CI)-CD junction,to prevent misidentification-induced BDI during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.METHODS: The Cl was extensively dissected to expose its anterior, interior-superior and inferior-dorsalaspects. With the CI nearly circularly dissected out, the CI and the appearance-indicated CI-CD junctionmight be three-dimensionally identified and the reality of the CI-CD junction as well as the reality of theCD could be precisely judged.RESULTS: Overall 10 BDIs were documented in this group. Since BDI occurred in 8 of 4382 patientsreceiving laparoscopic cholecyxtectomy, the technique for prevention of mixidentification-induced BDI wasestablished. Among the late batch of 7618 patients, only two BDIs were noted.CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional identification of the CI-CD junction is a reliable, feasible andrelatively low experience-dependent technique to prevent most of misidentification-induced BDI. | Ding Luo Xun-Ru Chen Jing-Xi Mao Sheng-Hong Li Zheng-Dong Zhou Shao-Ming Yu the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming 650032, China | 2003 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2003，2，3： | 5 |
| 17 | Metallogenic dynamics of the Yimen-type copper deposits and prediction of concealed ores显示文摘1 Geology and origin of the Yimen-type copper deposits THE Yimen copper mining district is located in a rift environment on the margins of the Yangtze continent and occurs in the middle segment of the Wuding-Yimen-Yuanjiang fault depression zone in theProterozoic Kunyang rift, with the Lujijiang fault as the boundary in the west and the Luoci-Yimen faultas the boundary in the east, and in the north it borders on the Luwu copper ore field and in the south itlinks with the Yuanjiang copper deposit, thus constituting an SN-striking elongated basin. Exposed in themining district are mainly the Heishantou, Dalongkou, Meidang, Yingming, Luoxue, Elachang and Lujijiang formations of the Early-Middle Proterozoic Kunyang Group, constituting a suite of lightly metamorphic rocks of low greenschist facies, and locally the Debadu Formation-complexes of the Early Proterozoic-Archean Dahongshan Group. The mining district can be divided into two ore zones: the east ore zone andthe west ore zone. Mainly distributed in the west ore zone are the volcano-sedox-strongly reworked-deepsource superimposed-type ( Fengshan-type) ore deposits, including the Sanjiachang ( including theShishan and Fengshan copper deposits), Yiduochang, Elachang, Tianxing and Meishan copper deposits(occurrences) which are all designated to the typical Yimen-type copper deposits. In the east ore | HAN Rensheng~1, SUN Jiacong~1, GU Xiaochun~2, LI Jun~1, LI Yuan~1, LI Wei~1 and MA Deyun~1 1. Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China 2. Yimen Mining Bureau, Yimen 651101, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，S2： | 5 |
| 18 | A new genus and species of treefrog from Medog,southeastern Tibet,China(Anura,Rhacophoridae)显示文摘A new genus and species of threefrog is described from Medog,southeastern Tibet,China based on morphological and phylogenetic data.The new genus can be distinguished from other treefrog genera by the following combination of characters:(1)body size moderate,45.0 mm in male;(2)snout rounded;(3)canthus rostralis obtuse and raised prominently,forming a ridge from nostril to anterior corner of eyes;(4)web rudimentary on fingers;(5)web moderately developed on toes;(6)phalange 'Y' shaped,visible from dorsal side of fingers and toes;(7)skin of dorsal surfaces relatively smooth,scatted with small tubercles;(8)iris with a pale yellow,'X' shaped pattern of pigmentation. | Ke JIANG Fang YAN Kai WANG Da-Hu ZOU Cheng LI Jing CHE State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology,University of Oklahoma Tibet University Imaging Biodiversity Expedition | 2016 | Zoological Research2016，37，1： | 5 |
| 19 | Dptic properties of bile liquid crystals in human body显示文摘AIM To further study the properties of bileliquid crystals,and probe into the relationshipbetween bile liquid crystals and gallbladderstone formation,and provide evidence for theprevention and treatment of cholecystolithiasis.METHODS The optic properties of bile liquidcrystals in human body were determined by themethod of crystal optics under polarizingmicroscope with plane polarized light andperpendicular polarized light.RESULTS Under a polarizing microscope withplane polarized light,bile liquid crystalsscattered in bile appeared round,oval orirregularly round.The color of bile liquidcrystals was a little lighter than that of the bilearound.When the stage was turned round,thecolor of bile liquid crystals or the darkness andlightness of the color did not change obviously.On the border between bile liquid crystals andthe bile around,brighter Becke-Line could beobserved.When the microscope tube is lifted,Becke-Line moved inward,and when lowered,Becke-Line moved outward.Under aperpendicular polarized light,bile liquid crystalsshowd some special interference patterns,called Malta cross.When the stage was turninground at an angle of 360°,the Malta cross showed four times of extinction.In the vibratingdirection of 45° angle of relative to upper andlower polarizing plate,gypsum test-board withoptical path difference of 530 nm was inserted,the first and the third quadrants of Malta crossappeared to be blue,and the second and thefourth quadrants appeared orange.When micatest-board with optical path difference of 147 nmwas inserted,the first and the third quadrants ofMalta cross appeared yellow,and the secondand the fourth quadrants appeared dark grey.CONCLUSION The bile liquid crystals weredistributed in bile in the form of global grains.Their polychroism and absorption were slight,but the edge and Becke-Line were very clear.Itsrefractive index was larger than that of the bile.These liquid crystals were uniaxial positivecrystals.The interference colors were the firstorder grey-white.The double refractive index ofthe liquid crystals was △n=0.011-0.015. | Hai Ming Yang Jie Wu Jin Yi Li Jian Li Zhou Li Jun He Xian Fang Xu Department of Physics and Mathematics,Kunming Medical College,Kunming 650031,Yunnan Province,China Department of Physics,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650092,Yunnan Province,China | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，2： | 5 |
| 20 | Sequencing,annotation and comparative analysis of nine BACs of the giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)显示文摘A 10-fold BAC library for the giant panda was constructed and nine BACs were selected to generate finish sequences.These BACs could be used as a validation resource for the de novo assembly accuracy of the whole genome shotgun sequencing reads of the giant panda newly generated by Illumina GA sequencing technology.Complete Sanger sequencing,assembly,annotation and comparative analysis were carried out on the selected BACs of a joint length 878 kb.Homologue search and de novo prediction methods were used to annotate genes and repeats.Twelve protein coding genes were predicted,seven of which could be functionally annotated.The seven genes have an average gene size of about 41 kb,an average coding size of about 1.2 kb and an average exon number of 6 per gene.Besides,seven tRNA genes were found.About 27 percent of the BAC sequence is composed of repeats.A phylogenetic tree was constructed using a neighbor-join algorithm across five species,including the giant panda,human,dog,cat and mouse,which reconfirms dog as the most closely related species to the giant panda.Our results provide detailed sequence and structure information for new genes and repeats of the giant panda,which will be helpful for further studies about the giant panda. | ZHENG Yang1,2,3,CAI Jing4,LI JianWen3,6,LI Bo3,LIN RunMao3,TIAN Feng3,WANG XiaoLing3 & WANG Jun3,5 1Beijing Institute of Genomics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),Beijing 100029,China 2College of Life Science,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China 3Beijing Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Shenzhen 518083,China 4CAS-Max Planck Junior Research Group on Evolutionary Genomics,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),Kunming 650223,China 5Department of Biology,University of Copenhagen,Copenhagen DK-2200,Denmark 6School of Biological Science and Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，1： | 5 |
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