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| 1 | Oral purgative and simethicone before small bowel capsule endoscopy显示文摘AIM:To evaluate small bowel cleansing quality,diagnostic yield and transit time,comparing three cleansing protocols prior to capsule endoscopy.METHODS:Sixty patients were prospectively enrolled and randomized to one of the following cleansing protocols:patients in Group A underwent a 24 h liquid diet and overnight fasting;patients in Group B followed protocol A and subsequently were administered 2 L of polyethylene glycol(PEG) the evening before the procedure;patients in Group C followed protocol B and were additionally administered 100 mg of simethicone 30 min prior to capsule ingestion.Small bowel cleansing was independently assessed by two experienced endoscopists and classified as poor,fair,good or excellent according to the proportion of small bowel mucosa under perfect conditions for visualization.When there was no agreement between the two endoscopists,the images were reviewed and discussed until a consensus was reached.The preparation was considered acceptable if > 50% or adequate if > 75% of the mucosa was in perfect cleansing condition.The amount of bubbles was assessed independently and it was considered significant if it prevented a correct interpretation of the images.Positive endoscopic findings,gastric emptying time(GET) and small bowel transit time(SBTT) were recorded for each examination.RESULTS:There was a trend favoring Group B in achieving an acceptable(including fair,good or excellent) level of cleansing(Group A:65%;Group B:83.3%;Group C:68.4%) [P = not significant(NS)] and favoring Group C in attaining an excellent level of cleansing(Group A:10%;Group B:16.7%;Group C:21.1%)(P = NS).The number of patients with an adequate cleansing of the small bowel,corresponding to an excellent or good classification,was 5(25%) in Group A,5(27.8%) in Group B and 4(21.1%) in Group C(P = 0.892).Conversely,7 patients(35%) in Group A,3 patients(16.7%) in Group B and 6 patients(31.6%) in Group C were considered to have poor small bowel cleansing(P = 0.417),with significant fluid or debris such that the examination was unreliable.The proportion of patients with a significant amount of bubbles was 50% in Group A,27.8% in Group B and 15.8% in Group C(P = 0.065).This was significantly lower in Group C when compared to Group A(P = 0.026).The mean GET was 27.8 min for Group A,27.2 min for Group B and 40.7 min for Group C(P = 0.381).The mean SBTT was 256.4 min for Group A,256.1 min for Group B and 258.1 min for Group C(P = 0.998).Regarding to the rate of complete examinations,the capsule reached the cecum in 20 patients(100%) in Group A,16 patients(88.9%) in Group B and 17 patients(89.5%) in Group C(P = 0.312).A definite diagnosis based on relevant small bowel endoscopic lesions was established in 60% of the patients in Group A(12 patients),44.4% in Group B(8 patients) and 57.8% in Group C(11 patients)(P = 0.587).CONCLUSION:Preparation with 2 L of PEG before small bowel capsule endoscopy(SBCE) may improve small bowel cleansing and the quality of visualization.Simethicone may further reduce intraluminal bubbles.No significant differences were found regarding GET,SBTT and the proportion of complete exploration or diagnostic yield among the three different cleansing protocols. | Bruno Joel Ferreira Rosa Mara Barbosa Joana Magalhes Ana Rebelo Maria Joo Moreira José Cotter | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2013，5，2： | 21 |
| 2 | Natural history of cytomegalovirus infection in a series of patients diagnosed with moderate-severe ulcerative colitis显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the natural history of human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) infection in a series of 28 ulcerative colitis patients in whom the search for HCMV was positive.METHODS:A series of 85 patients with moderate-severe ulcerative colitis flare-up were evaluated for a HCMV search by performing a haematoxylin and eosin stain,immunohistochemical assay and nested polymerase chain reaction on rectal biopsies.Among 85 screened patients(19 of whom were steroid resistant/dependant),28 were positive for HCMV;after remission the patients were followed up clinically and histologically.RESULTS:Among the 22 patients with complete followup,in 8(36%) patients HCMV-DNA persisted in the intestinal specimens.Among the HCMV positive patients,4(50%) experienced at least one moderate-severe flare-up of colitis without evidence of peripheral HCMV.Among the 14 HCMV negative patients,3 with pouches developed pouchitis and 5 out of 11(45%) experienced a colitis flare-up.CONCLUSION:Our preliminary results suggest that HCMV may remain in the colon after an acute colitis flareup despite remission;it seems that the virus is not responsible for the disease relapse. | Valeria Criscuoli Maria Rosa Rizzuto Luigi Montalbano Elena Gallo Mario Cottone | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，5： | 20 |
| 3 | Laboratory markers in ulcerative colitis: Current insights and future advances显示文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)are the major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)in man.Despite some common features,these forms can be distinguished by different genetic predisposition,risk factors and clinical,endoscopic and histological characteristics.The aetiology of both CD and UC remains unknown,but several evidences suggest that CD and perhaps UC are due to an excessive immuneresponse directed against normal constituents of the intestinal bacterial flora.Tests sometimes invasive are routine for the diagnosis and care of patients with IBD.Diagnosis of UC is based on clinical symptoms combined with radiological and endoscopic investigations.The employment of non-invasive biomarkers is needed.These biomarkers have the potential to avoid invasive diagnostic tests that may result in discomfort and potential complications.The ability to determine the type,severity,prognosis and response to therapy of UC,using biomarkers has long been a goal of clinical researchers.We describe the biomarkers assessed in UC,with special reference to acute-phase proteins and serologic markers and thereafter,we describe the new biological markers and the biological markers could be developed in the future:(1)serum markers of acute phase response:The laboratory tests most used to measure the acute-phase proteins in clinical practice are the serum concentration of C-reactive protein and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.Other biomarkers of inflammation in UC include platelet count,leukocyte count,and serum albumin and serum orosomucoid concentrations;(2)serologic markers/antibodies:In the last decades serological and immunologic biomarkers have been studied extensively in immunology and have been used in clinical practice to detect specific pathologies.In UC,the presence of these antibodies can aid as surrogate markers for the aberrant host immune response;and(3)future biomarkers:The development of biomarkers in UC will be very important in the future.The progress of molecular biology tools(microarrays,proteomics and nanotechnology)have revolutionised the field of the biomarker discovery.The advances in bioinformatics coupled with cross-disciplinary collaborations have greatly enhanced our ability to retrieve,characterize and analyse large amounts of data generated by the technological advances.The techniques available for biomarkers development are genomics(single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping,pharmacogenetics and gene expression analyses)and proteomics.In the future,the additionof new serological markers will add significant benefit.Correlating serologic markers with genotypes and clinical phenotypes should enhance our understanding of pathophysiology of UC. | Michele Cioffi Antonella De Rosa Rosalba Serao Ilaria Picone Maria Teresa Vietri | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2015，6，1： | 14 |
| 4 | Acupuncture accelerates recovery after general anesthesia: a prospective randomized controlled trial显示文摘BACKGROUND: Acupuncture anesthesia was created in the 1950's in China and continues to be used there today during most major surgeries. It is widely used in China for such complex operations as brain, heart, and abdominal surgery. It is popular in China because it is economical, practical, and beneficial to the patients. With acupuncture anesthesia there is less bleeding during surgery and there is also quicker post-operative recovery.OBJECTIVE: This randomized prospective study aims at comparing the effect of two acupoints(Yongquan, KI1 and Renzhong, DU26) with sham acupuncture and no acupuncture on the time to recovery of consciousness after general anesthesia by means of the Bispectral Index monitor(BIS).DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: This is a prospective randomized controlled study. We randomly assigned 50 patients to 5 groups during recovery from surgical anesthesia. Four groups had acupuncture on KI1(group A), DU26(groups B), both KI1 and DU26(group C), and sham points(group D), and one had no acupuncture(group E).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bispectral Index(BIS), time to spontaneous eye opening, time to tracheal extubation, and time to following commands were measured as the main outcome measures.RESULTS: Time to spontaneous eye opening differed among groups(P=0.002), as well as time to tracheal extubation(P<0.000 1) and time to following commands(P=0.000 6). BIS values differed significantly among groups both 5 and 10 min after the end of anesthesia(P<0.000 1 and P=0.000 4,respectively). BIS values of groups D and E were lower than those of the other groups and those of group C were higher. The same pattern was observed also 15 and 30 min after the end of anesthesia, although the difference among groups was not significant at these time points(P=0.164 and P=0.104, respectively).CONCLUSION: Acupuncture on DU26 and KI1 accelerates recovery of consciousness after general anesthesia. Moreover, a possible synergistic effect of DU26 and KI1 is suggested. This issue may play a role in the optimization of operating room management and raise interest about the usefulness of acupuncture on unconsciousness states of different nature. | Marco Gemma Elisa Nicelli Luigi Gioia Elena Moizo Luigi Beretta Maria Rosa Calvi | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2015，13，2： | 13 |
| 5 | Phase angle obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis independently predicts mortality in patients with cirrhosis显示文摘AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of the phase angle(PA)obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA) for mortality prediction in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS In total, 134 male cirrhotic patients prospectively completed clinical evaluations and nutritional assessment by BIA to obtain PAs during a 36-mo follow-up period. Mortality risk was analyzed by applying the PA cutoff point recently proposed as a malnutrition marker(PA ≤ 4.9°) in Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression models. RESULTS The patients were divided into two groups according to the PA cutoff value(PA > 4.9°, n = 73; PA ≤ 4.9°, n = 61). Weight, height, and body mass index were similar in both groups, but patients with PAs > 4.9° were younger and had higher mid-arm muscle circumference, albumin, and handgrip-strength values and lower severe ascites and encephalopathy incidences, interleukin(IL)-6/IL-10 ratios and C-reactive protein levels than did patients with PAs ≤ 4.9°(P ≤ 0.05). Forty-eight(35.80%) patients died due to cirrhosis, with a median of 18 mo(interquartile range, 3.3-25.6 mo) follow-up until death. Thirty-one(64.60%) of these patients were from the PA ≤ 4.9° group. PA ≤ 4.9° significantly and independently affected the mortality model adjusted for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score and age(hazard ratio = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.11-3.77, P = 0.021). In addition, Kaplan-Meier curves showed that patients with PAs ≤ 4.9° were significantly more likely to die. CONCLUSION In male patients with cirrhosis, the PA ≤ 4.9° cutoff was associated independently with mortality and identified patients with worse metabolic, nutritional, and disease progression profiles. The PA may be a useful and reliable bedside tool to evaluate prognosis in cirrhosis. | Giliane Belarmino Maria Cristina Gonzalez Raquel S Torrinhas Priscila Sala Wellington Andraus Luiz Augusto Carneiro D'Albuquerque Rosa Maria R Pereira Valéria F Caparbo Graziela R Ravacci Lucas Damiani Steven B Heymsfield Dan L Waitzberg | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，7： | 11 |
| 6 | Chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma:The present and the future显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary tumor of the liver. Its relationship to chronic liver diseases, in particular cirrhosis, develops on a background of viral hepatitis, excessive alcohol intake or metabolic steatohepatitis, leads to a high incidence and prevalence of this neoplasia worldwide. Despite the spread of HCC, its treatment it's still a hard challenge, due to high rate of late diagnosis and to lack of therapeutic options for advanced disease. In fact radical surgery and liver transplantation, the most radical therapeutic approaches, are indicated only in case of early diagnosis. Even local therapies, such as transarterial chemoembolization, find limited indications, leading to an important problem regarding treatment of advanced disease. In this situation, until terminal HCC occurs, systemic therapy is the only possible approach, with sorafenib as the only standard treatment available. Anyway, the efficacy of this drug is limited and many efforts are necessary to understand who could benefit more with this treatment. Therefore, other molecules for a targeted therapy were evaluated, but only regorafenib showed promising results. Beside molecular target therapy, also cytotoxic drugs, in particular oxaliplatinand gemcitabine-based regimens, and immune-checkpoint inhibitors were tested with interesting results. The future of the treatment of this neoplasia is linked to our ability to understand its mechanisms of resistance and to find novel therapeutic targets, with the objective to purpose individualized approaches to patients affected by advanced HCC. | Marco Le Grazie Maria Rosa Biagini Mirko Tarocchi Simone Polvani Andrea Galli | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，21： | 11 |
| 7 | Transcranial direct current stimulation enhances theory of mind in Parkinson’s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment:a randomized,double-blind,sham-controlled study显示文摘Background:Parkinson’s Disease(PD)with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)(PD-MCI)represents one of the most dreaded complications for patients with PD and is associated with a higher risk of developing dementia.Although transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)has been demonstrated to improve motor and non-motor symptoms in PD,to date,no study has investigated the effects of tDCS on Theory of Mind(ToM),i.e.,the ability to understand and predict other people’s behaviours,in PD-MCI.Methods:In this randomized,double-blind,sham-controlled study,we applied active tDCS over the medial frontal cortex(MFC)to modulate ToM performance in twenty patients with PD-MCI.Twenty matched healthy controls(HC)were also enrolled and were asked to perform the ToM task without receiving tDCS.Results:In the patients with PD-MCI,i)ToM performance was worse than that in the HC,ii)ToM abilities were poorer in those with fronto-executive difficulties,and iii)tDCS over the MFC led to significant shortening of latency for ToM tasks.Conclusions:We show for the first time that active tDCS over the MFC enhances ToM in patients with PD-MCI,and suggest that non-invasive brain stimulation could be used to ameliorate ToM deficits observed in these patients. | Mauro Adenzato Rosa Manenti Ivan Enrici Elena Gobbi Michela Brambilla Antonella Alberici Maria Sofia Cotelli Alessandro Padovani Barbara Borroni Maria Cotelli | 2019 | Translational Neurodegeneration2019，8，1： | 9 |
| 8 | Dental implant treatment for renal failure patients on dialysis:a clinical guideline显示文摘Chronic kidney disease(CKD) is a worldwide public health problem that is growing in prevalence and is associated with severe complications. During the progression of the disease, a majority of CKD patients suffer oral complications. Dental implants are currently the most reliable and successful treatment for missing teeth. However, due to complications of CKD such as infections,bone lesions, bleeding risks, and altered drug metabolism, dental implant treatment for renal failure patients on dialysis is more challenging. In this review, we have summarized the characteristics of CKD and previous publications regarding dental treatments for renal failure patients. In addition, we discuss our recent research results and clinical experience in order to provide dental implant practitioners with a clinical guideline for dental implant treatment for renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. | Yuan,Quan Xiong,Qiu-Chan Gupta,Megha Maria Lopez-Pintor,Rosa Chen,Xiao-Lei Seriwatanachai,Dutmanee Densmore,Michael Man,Yi Gong,Ping | 2017 | International Journal of Oral Science2017，9，3： | 9 |
| 9 | Cytomegalovirus and inflammatory bowel disease: Is there a link?显示文摘这份报告的目的是在煽动性的肠疾病(IBD ) 给 Cytomegalovirus (CMV ) 感染的流行病学、临床、诊断、治疗学的特征的一个全面看法。这个话题上的出版报告的评论被执行,与对在研究和采用的诊断方法包括的病人的选择给予的特别注意。CMV 经常与 IBD 被联系。在一些情况中, CMV 感染与差的结果被联系,但是哪个病人是更可能的被假装,不是清楚的并且在哪个疾病的舞台。在 IBD 的抗病毒的治疗的使用是争论的,有控制的实验研究被需要。与 IBD 的发展和治疗有关的 CMV 感染的自然科学没被澄清,但是因为病毒的坚持的可能性,在免疫在考虑拿它是重要的有免疫系统的损害主人和病毒的相互作用。 | Valeria Criscuoli Maria Rosa Rizzuto Mario Cottone | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，30： | 7 |
| 10 | Characterization of hepatitis B virus X gene quasispecies complexity in mono-infection and hepatitis delta virus superinfection显示文摘Hepatitis delta virus(HDV) seems to strongly suppress hepatitis B virus(HBV)replication, although little is known about the mechanism of this interaction. Both these viruses show a dynamic distribution of mutants, resulting in viral quasispecies. Next-generation sequencing is a viable approach for analyzing the composition of these mutant spectra. As the regulatory hepatitis B X protein(HBx) is essential for HBV replication, determination of HBV X gene(HBX)quasispecies complexity in HBV/HDV infection compared to HBV monoinfection may provide information on the interactions between these two viruses.AIM To compare HBV quasispecies complexity in the HBX 5' region between chronic hepatitis delta(CHD) and chronic HBV mono-infected patients.METHODS Twenty-four untreated patients were included: 7/24(29.2%) with HBeAgnegative chronic HBV infection(CI, previously termed inactive carriers), 8/24(33.3%) with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and 9/24(37.5%) with CHD. A serum sample from each patient was first tested for HBV DNA levels.The HBX 5' region [nucleotides(nt) 1255-1611] was then PCR-amplified for subsequent next-generation sequencing(MiSeq, Illumina, United States). HBV quasispecies complexity in the region analyzed was evaluated using incidencebased indices(number of haplotypes and number of mutations), abundancebased indices(Hill numbers of order 1 and 2), and functional indices(mutation frequency and nucleotide diversity). We also evaluated the pattern of nucleotide changes to investigate which of them could be the cause of the quasispecies complexity.RESULTS CHB patients showed higher median HBV-DNA levels [5.4 logIU/mL,interquartile range(IQR) 3.5-7.9] than CHD(3.4 logIU/mL, IQR 3-7.6)(P = n.s.)or CI(3.2 logIU/mL, IQR 2.3-3.5)(P < 0.01) patients. The incidence and abundance indices indicated that HBV quasispecies complexity was significantly greater in CI than CHB. A similar trend was observed in CHD patients, although only Hill numbers of order 2 showed statistically significant differences(CHB2.81, IQR 1.11-4.57 vs CHD 8.87, 6.56-11.18, P = 0.038). There were no significant differences in the functional indices, but CI and CHD patients also showed a trend towards greater complexity than CHB. No differences were found for any HBV quasispecies complexity indices between CHD and CI patients. G-to-A and C-to-T nucleotide changes, characteristic of APOBEC3 G, were higher in CHD and CI than in CHB in genotype A haplotypes, but not in genotype D. The proportion of nt G-to-A vs A-to-G changes and C-to-T vs T-to-C changes in genotype A and D haplotypes in CHD patients showed no significant differences. In CHB and CI the results of these comparisons were dependent on HBV genotype.CONCLUSION The lower-replication CHD and CI groups show a trend to higher quasispecies complexity than the higher-replication CHB group. The mechanisms associated with this greater complexity require elucidation. | Cristina Godoy David Tabernero Sara Sopena Josep Gregori Maria Francesca Cortese Carolina González Rosario Casillas Mar?al Yll Ariadna Rando Rosa López-Martínez Josep Quer Gloria González-Aseguinolaza Rafael Esteban Mar Riveiro-Barciela Maria Buti Francisco Rodríguez-Frías | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，13： | 6 |
| 11 | Detection of hyper-conserved regions in hepatitis B virus X gene potentially useful for gene therapy显示文摘AIM To detect hyper-conserved regions in the hepatitis B virus(HBV) X gene(HBX) 5' region that could be candidates for gene therapy.METHODS The study included 27 chronic hepatitis B treatmentnaive patients in various clinical stages(from chronic infection to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, both HBeA g-negative and HBeA g-positive), and infected with HBV genotypes A-F and H. In a serum sample from each patient with viremia > 3.5 log IU/m L, the HBX 5' end region [nucleotide(nt) 1255-1611] was PCRamplified and submitted to next-generation sequencing(NGS). We assessed genotype variants by phylogenetic analysis, and evaluated conservation of this region by calculating the information content of each nucleotide position in a multiple alignment of all unique sequences(haplotypes) obtained by NGS. Conservation at the HBx protein amino acid(aa) level was also analyzed.RESULTS NGS yielded 1333069 sequences from the 27 samples, with a median of 4578 sequences/sample(2487-9279, IQR 2817). In 14/27 patients(51.8%), phylogenetic analysis of viral nucleotide haplotypes showed a complex mixture of genotypic variants. Analysis of the information content in the haplotype multiple alignments detected 2 hyper-conserved nucleotide regions, one in the HBX upstream non-coding region(nt 1255-1286) and the other in the 5' end coding region(nt 1519-1603). This last region coded for a conserved amino acid region(aa 63-76) that partially overlaps a Kunitz-like domain.CONCLUSION Two hyper-conserved regions detected in the HBX 5' end may be of value for targeted gene therapy, regardless of the patients' clinical stage or HBV genotype. | Carolina González David Tabernero Maria Francesca Cortese Josep Gregori Rosario Casillas Mar Riveiro-Barciela Cristina Godoy Sara Sopena Ariadna Rando Marcal Yll Rosa Lopez-Martinez Josep Quer Rafael Esteban Maria Buti Francisco Rodríguez-Frías | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，19： | 6 |
| 12 | Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: A comprehensive review and future research directions显示文摘Acute coronary syndromes constitute a variety of myocardial injury presentations that include a subset of patients presenting with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries(MINOCA).This acute coronary syndrome differs from type 1 myocardial infarction(MI)regarding patient characteristics,presentation,physiopathology,management,treatment,and prognosis.Two-thirds of MINOCA subjects present ST-segment elevation;MINOCA patients are younger,are more often female and tend to have fewer cardiovascular risk factors.Moreover,MINOCA is a working diagnosis,and defining the aetiologic mechanism is relevant because it affects patient care and prognosis.In the absence of relevant coronary artery disease,myocardial ischaemia might be triggered by an acute event in epicardial coronary arteries,coronary microcirculation,or both.Epicardial causes of MINOCA include coronary plaque disruption,coronary dissection,and coronary spasm.Microvascular MINOCA mechanisms involve microvascular coronary spasm,takotsubo syndrome(TTS),myocarditis,and coronary thromboembolism.Coronary angiography with non-significant coronary stenosis and left ventriculography are first-line tests in the differential study of MINOCA patients.The diagnostic arsenal includes invasive and non-invasive techniques.Medical history and echocardiography can help indicate vasospasm or thrombosis,if one finite coronary territory is affected,or specify TTS if apical ballooning is present.Intravascular ultrasound,optical coherence tomography,and provocative testing are encouraged.Cardiac magnetic resonance is a cornerstone in myocarditis diagnosis.MINOCA is not a benign diagnosis,and its polymorphic forms differ in prognosis.MINOCA care varies across centres,and future multi-centre clinical trials with standardized criteria may have a positive impact on defining optimal cardiovascular care for MINOCA patients. | Rafael Vidal-Perez Charigan Abou Jokh Casas Rosa Maria Agra-Bermejo Belén Alvarez-Alvarez Julia Grapsa Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho Pedro Rigueiro Veloso Jose Maria Garcia Acuña Jose Ramon Gonzalez-Juanatey | 2019 | World Journal of Cardiology2019，11，12： | 6 |
| 13 | Beneficial effects of saffron(Crocus sativus L.) in ocular pathologies, particularly neurodegenerative retinal diseases显示文摘Saffron(Crocus sativus L.)has been traditionally used in food preparation and as a medicinal plant.It currently has numerous therapeutic properties attributed to it,such as protection against ischemia,as well as anticonvulsant,antidepressant,anxiolytic,hypolipidemic,anti-atherogenic,anti-hypertensive,antidiabetic,and anti-cancer properties.In addition,saffron has remarkable beneficial properties,such as anti-apoptotic,anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities,due to its main metabolites,among which crocin and crocetin stand out.Furthermore,increasing evidence underwrites the possible neuroprotective role of the main bioactive saffron constituents in neurodegenerative diseases,such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases,both in experimental models and in clinical studies in patients.Currently,saffron supplementation is being tested for ocular neurodegenerative pathologies,such as diabetic retinopathy,retinitis pigmentosa,age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma,among others,and shows beneficial effects.The present article provides a comprehensive and up to date report of the investigations on the beneficial effects of saffron extracts on the main neurodegenerative ocular pathologies and other ocular diseases.This review showed that saffron extracts could be considered promising therapeutic agents to help in the treatment of ocular neurodegenerative diseases. | Jose A.Fernandez-Albarral Rosa de Hoz Ana I.Ramirez Ines Lopez-Cuenca Elena Salobrar-Garcia Maria D.Pinazo-Duran Jose M.Ramirez Juan J.Salazar | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，8： | 6 |
| 14 | Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography inthe management of benign biliary strictures:What's new?显示文摘Benign biliary strictures comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases. The most common strictures amenable to endoscopic treatment are post-cholecystectomy, post-liver transplantation, related to primary sclerosing cholangitis and to chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopic treatment of benign biliary strictures is widely used as first line therapy, since it is effective, safe, noninvasive and repeatable. Endoscopic techniques currently used are dilation, multiple plastic stents insertion and fully covered self-expandable metal stents. The main indication for dilation alone is primary sclerosing cholangitis related strictures. In the vast majority of the remaining cases, temporary placement of multiple plastic stents with/without dilation is considered the treatment of choice. Although this approach is effective, it requires multiple endoscopic sessions due to the short duration of stent patency. Fully covered self-expandable metal stents appear as a good alternative to plastic stents, since they have an increased radial diameter, longer stent patency, easier insertion technique and similar efficacy. Recent advances in endoscopic technique and various devices have allowed successful treatment in most cases. The development of novel endoscopic techniques and devices is still ongoing. | Rosa Ferreira Rui Loureiro Nuno Nunes António Alberto Santos Rui Maio Marília Cravo Maria AntóniaDuarte | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016，8，4： | 6 |
| 15 | Hyperhomocysteinemia and hypercoagulability in primary biliary cirrhosis显示文摘瞄准:在有人半胱氨酸(HCY ) 和 haemostatic 系统的各种各样的部件的 PBC 和它的关系估计 hypercoagulability。方法:我们调查了 51 个 PBC 病人(43F/8M;意味着年龄:63+/-13.9 年) 并且 102 个健康题目(86 个 women/16 人;63+/-13 年) ,并且由 PFA-100 由 Sonoclot 分析和血小板功能在全血评估了 haemostatic 过程设备。我们然后测量了 HCY (禁食并且在蛋氨酸装载以后) ,织物因素(TF ) , thrombin-antithrombin 建筑群(梭织) , D 暗淡(D-D ) , thrombomodulin (TM ) , folic,维生素 B6 和 B12 血浆铺平。C677T 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate 还原酶(MTHFR ) 多型性被分析。结果:病人的 Sonoclot 率值是显著地(P<0.001 ) 比那些高控制。山峰价值的 Sonoclot 时间和 PFA-100 闭合时间在病人和控制是可比较的。梭织, TF 和 HCY 层次,两个在禁食并且蛋氨酸以后的装载,显著地(P<0.001 ) 在病人更高与比在控制。维生素缺乏在 45/51 病人(88.2%) 被检测。同型结合的 TT677 MTHFR 遗传型的流行比在控制(17.5%)(P<0.05 ) 在病人(31.4%) 是显著地更高的。Sonoclot 率价值与 HCY 层次和 TF 显著地相关。结论:在 PBC, hyper-HCY 与维生素缺少和基因预先安排因素有关。内皮激活的增加的 TF 和 HCY 层次和符号与 hypercoagulability 被联系并且可以在血凝固激活有一个重要角色。 | Maria Rosa Biagini Alessandro Tozzi Rossella Marcucci Rita Paniccia Sandra Fedi Stefano Milani Andrea Galli Elisabetta Ceni Marco Capanni Raffaele Manta Rosanna Abbate Calogero Surrenti | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，10： | 6 |
| 16 | Validation of a new scoring system: Rapid assessment faecal incontinence score显示文摘AIM: To implement a quick and simple test- rapid assessment faecal incontinence score(RAFIS) and show its reliability and validity.METHODS: From March 2008 through March 2010, we evaluated a total of 261 consecutive patients, including 53 patients with faecal incontinence. Demographic and comorbidity information was collected. In a single visit, patients were administered the RAFIS. The results obtained with the new score were compared with those of both Wexner score and faecal incontinence quality of life scale(FIQL) questionnaire. The patient withoutinfluence of the surgeon completed the test. The role of surgeon was explaining the meaning of each section and how he had to fill. Reliability of the RAFIS score was measured using intra-observer agreement and Cronbach's alpha(internal consistency) coefficient. Multivariate analysis of the main components within the different scores was performed in order to determine whether all the scores measured the same factor and to conclude whether the information could be encompassed in a single factor. A sample size of 50 patients with faecal incontinence was estimated to be enough to detect a correlation of 0.55 or better at 5% level of significance with 80% power.RESULTS: We analysed the results obtained by 53 consecutive patients with faecal incontinence(median age 61.55 ± 12.49 years) in the three scoring systems. A total of 208 healthy volunteers(median age 58.41 ± 18.41 years) without faecal incontinence were included in the study as negative controls. Pearson's correlation coefficient between 'state' and 'leaks' was excellent(r = 0.92, P < 0.005). Internal consistency in the comparison of 'state' and 'leaks' yielded also excellent correlation(Cronbach's α = 0.93). Results in each score were compared using regression analysis and a correlation value of r = 0.98 was obtained with Wexner score. As regards FIQL questionnaire, the values of 'r ' for the different subscales of the questionnaire were: 'lifestyle' r =-0.87, 'coping/behaviour' r =-0.91, 'depression' r =-0.36 and 'embarrassment' r =-0.90,(P < 0.01). A multivariate analysis showed that all the scoring systems measured the same factor. A single factor may explain 80.84% of the variability of FI, so all the scoring systems measure the same factor. Patient's continence improves when RAFIS and Jorge-Wexner scores show low values and when the values obtained in the FIQL questionnaire are high.CONCLUSION: RAFIS is a valid and reliable tool to assess Faecal Incontinence. | Fernando de la Portilla Arantxa Calero-Lillo Rosa M Jiménez-Rodríguez Maria L Reyes Manuela Segovia-González María Victoria Maestre Ana M García-Cabrera | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2015，7，9： | 5 |
| 17 | 针灸和药物针灸治疗肥胖的疗效回顾显示文摘Objective:The purpose of this study is to review the impact on the usage of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of obesity,specifically the usage of acupuncture and phytoacupuncture.Methods:PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials,which the methodology focused on the use of acupuncture and phytoacupuncture for the treatment of obesity from the beginning of these databases to February 2018,supplementing with literature retrospective and manual searches.Results:A total of 8 trials including 566 participants met the selected criteria.In the alterations of the body mass index and waist circumference,acupuncture and phytoacupuncture seems to have a positive effect as opposed to the subjects who received superficial acupuncture or none.However,there were other parameters that showed promising results such as improvements in the levels of(1)serum total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein and serum fasting triglyceride,(2)serum insulin and leptin,plasma ghrelin and cholecystokinin and(3)serum pro-oxidant antioxidant balance,as well as improvements in(4)skin fat thickness in the upper limbs,trunk and abdomen,(5)abdominal fat and deep subcutaneous fat tissue.The main acupoints employed in the selected studies are found along several meridians such as the stomach,spleen and conception vessel,and the plants used had the main objective of accelerating the metabolism,reducing appetite and resolving the unbalances in the genesis of obesity.Conclusion:It is suggested that acupuncture and phytoacupuncture can be useful tools for weight loss.When combined with a life-style change,they can contribute to achieve better results than just a lifestyle change by itself.Nevertheless,the need for further studies to clarify mechanisms of action and adequacy of protocols in order to obtain more homogeneous results is also present. | Rosa Vilares Santos Jorge Magalhaes Rodrigues Maria Irene Jesus | 2020 | World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion2020，30，3： | 5 |
| 18 | Clinical features and natural history of cryptogenic cirrhosis compared to hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis显示文摘AIM To characterize natural history of cryptogenic cirrhosis(CC) and compare its clinical features and outcomes to those of hepatitis C virus(HCV)-related cirrhosis.METHODS A prospective cohort of 102 consecutive patients at their first diagnosis of CC were enrolled in this study. The clinical data and outcomes were compared to an ageand Child-pugh class-matched cohort of 110 patients with HCV-related cirrhosis. Diagnosis of cirrhosis was based on compatible clinical and laboratory parameters, ultrasound/endoscopic parameters and, whenever possible, on histological grounds and transient elastography. All cases of cirrhosis without a definite etiology were enrolled in the CC group. The parameters assessed were:(1) severity of liver disease at the time of first diagnosis;(2) liver decompensation during follow-up;(3) hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC);(4) orthotopic liver transplantation; and(5) death. The independent associated factors were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis, and survival and its determinants by the Kaplan-Meier model, log-rank test and Cox regression.RESULTS At the first observation, median age was 66 and 65 years and male gender was 36% and 58% for CC and HCV cirrhosis, respectively. CC showed Child-pugh class A/B/C of 47%/31%/22%, respectively. Compared to HCV cirrhosis, CC exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome(12% vs 54%, respectively), overweight/obesity, high BMI, impaired glucose tolerance, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, cardiovascular diseases, extrahepatic cancer, and gallstones. Over a median period of 42 mo of follow-up, liver decompensation, HCC development and death for CC and HCV-related cirrhosis were 60.8%, and 54.4%, 16.7% and 17.2%, 39.2% and 30%, respectively. The median survival was 60 mo for CC. Independent predictors of death were age and Childpugh class at diagnosis. CC showed an approximately twofold higher incidence of HCC in Child-pugh class A.CONCLUSION Undiagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has an etiologic role in CC that is associated with a poor prognosis, early HCC development, high risk of cardiovascular disease and extrahepatic cancer. | Luca Rinaldi Fabio Nascimbeni Mauro Giordano Chiara Masetti Barbara Guerrera Annalisa Amelia Maria Chiara Fascione Stefano Ballestri Dante Romagnoli Rosa Zampino Riccardo Nevola Enrica Baldelli Natalina Iuliano Valerio Rosato Amedeo Lonardo Luigi Elio Adinolfi | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，8： | 5 |
| 19 | Analysis of hepatitis B virus preS1 variability and prevalence of the rs2296651 polymorphism in a Spanish population显示文摘AIM To determine the variability/conservation of the domain of hepatitis B virus(HBV) pre S1 region that interacts with sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide(hereafter, NTCP-interacting domain) and the prevalence of the rs2296651 polymorphism(S267 F, NTCP variant) in a Spanish population. METHODS Serum samples from 246 individuals were included and divided into 3 groups: patients with chronic HBV infection(CHB)(n = 41, 73% Caucasians), patients with resolved HBV infection(n = 100, 100% Caucasians) and an HBV-uninfected control group(n = 105, 100% Caucasians). Variability/conservation of the amino acid(aa) sequences of the NTCPinteracting domain,(aa 2-48 in viral genotype D) and a highly conserved pre S1 domain associated with virion morphogenesis(aa 92-103 in viral genotype D) were analyzed by next-generation sequencing and compared in 18 CHB patients with viremia > 4 log IU/mL. The rs2296651 polymorphism was determined in all individuals in all 3 groups using an in-house real-time PCR melting curve analysis.RESULTS The HBV pre S1 NTCP-interacting domain showed a high degree of conservation among the examined viral genomes especially between aa 9 and 21(in the genotype D consensus sequence). As compared with the virion morphogenesis domain, the NTCPinteracting domain had a smaller proportion of HBV genotype-unrelated changes comprising > 1% of the quasispecies(25.5% vs 31.8%), but a larger proportion of genotype-associated viral polymorphisms(34% vs 27.3%), according to consensus sequences from Gen Bank patterns of HBV genotypes A to H. Variation/conservation in both domains depended on viral genotype, with genotype C being the most highly conserved and genotype E the most variable(limited finding, only 2 genotype E included). Of note, proline residues were highly conserved in both domains, and serine residues showed changes only to threonine or tyrosine in the virion morphogenesis domain. The rs2296651 polymorphism was not detected in any participant.CONCLUSION In our CHB population, the NTCP-interacting domain was highly conserved, particularly the proline residues and essential amino acids related with the NTCP interaction, and the prevalence of rs2296651 was low/null. | Rosario Casillas David Tabernero Josep Gregori Irene Belmonte Maria Francesca Cortese Carolina González Mar Riveiro-Barciela Rosa Maria López Josep Quer Rafael Esteban Maria Buti Francisco Rodríguez-Frías | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，6： | 5 |
| 20 | Interaction of major genes predisposing to hepatocellular carcinoma with genes encoding signal transduction pathways influences tumor phenotype and prognosis显示文摘啮齿类动物和人上的研究表明继承倾向到肝细胞癌(HCC ) 。涉及对 hepatocarcinogenesis 抵抗或易受影响的显型的获得的分子的改变的分析证明在遗传上易受影响的 F344 老鼠和 G1-S 的 HCC 的 G1 和 S 阶段的解除管制在抵抗布朗也不方法(BN ) 的损害堵住老鼠。连接到双特性的磷酸酶的 proteasomal 降级的无限制的细胞外的调整信号的激酶(英皇家空军之阶级最低之兵) 活动 1 (DUSP1 ) ,一个特定的英皇家空军之阶级最低之兵禁止者,由 CKS1-SKP2 ubiquitin ligase,建筑群发生在 F344 老鼠和人的更好攻击的 HCC。这机制与更好的预后在 BN 老鼠的 HCC 和人的 HCC 是不太活跃的。有 IKK/NF-kappaB 和地岬 / 英皇家空军之阶级最低之兵小径的 i Nos 串音的 Upregulation 在 F344 老鼠和 c-Myc-TGF-alpha 的 HCC 代表的最好攻击的模型在高水平发生在啮齿类动物肝损害转基因的老鼠。在规定上面的 i NOS, IKK/NF-kappaB,和地岬 / 英皇家空军之阶级最低之兵在有更差的预后的人的 HCC 是最高级的并且断然与肿瘤增长, genomic 不稳定性和 microvascularization 相关,并且否定地与 apoptosis。因此,房间周期规定和信号转导变异小径的活动似乎被 HCC 修饰词基因调制,并且在他们的效率的差别影响危险性到 hepatocarcinogenesis 并且可能人的 HCC 的预后。 | Francesco Feo Maddalena Frau Rosa Maria Pascale | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，43： | 5 |
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