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| 1 | Antibiotic prophylaxis in variceal hemorrhage:Timing,effectiveness and Clostridium difficile rates显示文摘AIM:To investigate if antibiotics administered within 8 h of endoscopy reduce mortality or increase the incidence of Clostridium difficile infection(CDI).METHODS:A 2-year retrospective analysis of all patients who presented with first variceal hemorrhage was undertaken.The primary outcome measure was 28-d mortality.Secondary outcome measures were 28-d rebleeding rates and 28-d incidence of CDI.All patients were admitted to a tertiary liver unit with a consultantled,24-h endoscopy service.Patients received standard care including terlipressin therapy.Data collection included:primary and secondary outcome measures,timing of first administration of intravenous antibiotics,eti-ology of liver disease,demographics,endoscopy details and complications.A prospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence of CDI in the study population and general medical inpatients admitted for antibiotic therapy of at least 5 d duration.Statistical analysis was undertaken using univariate,non-parametric tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS:There were 70 first presentations of variceal hemorrhage during the study period.Seventy percent of cases were male and 65.7% were due to chronic alcoholic liver disease.In total,64/70(91.4%) patients received antibiotics as prophylaxis during their admission.Specifically,53/70(75.7%) received antibiotics either before endoscopy or within 8 h of endoscopy [peri-endoscopy(8 h) group],whereas 17/70(24.3%) received antibiotics at > 8 h after endoscopy or not at all(non peri-endoscopy group).Overall mortality and rebleeding rates were 13/70(18.6%) and 14/70(20%),respectively.The periendoscopy(8 h) group was significantly less likely to die compared with the non peri-endoscopy group [13.2% vs 35.3%,P = 0.04,odds ratio(OR) = 0.28(0.078-0.997)] and showed a trend towards reduced rebleeding [17.0% vs 29.4%,P = 0.27,OR = 0.49(0.14-1.74)].On univariate analysis,the non peri-endoscopy group [P = 0.02,OR = 3.58(1.00-12.81)],higher model for end-stage liver disease(MELD) score(P = 0.02),presence of hepatorenal syndrome [P < 0.01,OR = 11.25(2.24-56.42)] and suffering a clinical episode of sepsis [P = 0.03,OR = 4.03(1.11-14.58)] were significant predictors of death at 28 d.On multivariate logistic regression analysis,lower MELD score [P = 0.01,OR = 1.16(1.04-1.28)] and periendoscopy(8 h) group [P = 0.01,OR = 0.15(0.03-0.68)] were independent predictors of survival at 28 d.The CDI incidence(5.7%) was comparable to that in the general medical population(5%).CONCLUSION:Antibiotics administered up to 8 h following endoscopy were associated with improved survival at 28 d.CDI incidence was comparable to that in other patient groups. | Matthew RL Brown Graeme Jones Kathryn L Nash Mark Wright Indra Neil Guha | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，42： | 13 |
| 2 | 生物圈与自然资本的能值评价显示文摘能值(emergy)作为价值的一种测度方法,被用于评价维持包括人类经济活动在内的生物圈的能量与资源的流动。人们建议用基于物质生产能量根本来源的太阳能值所建立的价值馈赠系统,来作为唯一的工具,来反映经济评价中所固有的逻辑陷阱,即认为价值仅仅来源于人类的应用。利用能值来评价自然资本的储备和环境资源的流动状况,并与全球世界生产建立联系。引入几个能值指数作为评价经济和发展过程可持续性的工具。生物圈的总能值通量构成为:32%为太阳光、潮汐动力和深层地热等可更新能值流(1950年为68%),68%为缓慢可更新和不可更新的能值流。计算表明,环境对生物圈的负荷指数自1950年已经增加了大约4倍,总的来讲,全球可持续性指数已经急剧下降。 | Mark T. Brown Sergio Ulgiati 闵庆文 | 1999 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志1999，28，6： | 10 |
| 3 | 常规脂蛋白检测和载脂蛋白在心血管病预测中的比较显示文摘总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)测量值对于心血管病风险评估至关重要,但对于其他脂质用于风险预测的效用一直存在争议。该研究纳入来自英国生物银行(Biobank)的无基线心血管病、未服用他汀类药物、有相关的脂质指标(n=346 686)的受试者。 | Welsh C Celis-Morales CA Brown R Mackay DF Lewsey J Mark PB Gray SR Ferguson LD Anderson JJ Lyall DM Cleland JG Jhund PS Gill J MR Pell JP Sattar N Welsh P 刘青(译) 叶鹏(摘、审校) | 2019 | 中华高血压杂志2019，27，7： | 10 |
| 4 | The serrated pathway to colorectal carcinoma: current concepts and challenges显示文摘 | Mark Bettington Neal Walker Andrew Clouston Ian Brown Barbara Leggett Vicki Whitehall | 2013 | Histopathology2013，，3： | 6 |
| 5 | 水塘湿地示踪试验测定水力停留时间显示文摘以湖北漳河灌区的水塘湿地为研究对象,用罗丹明作示踪剂,通过示踪试验来测定湿地水力停留时间分布、了解水力停留时间的性质,并分析影响水力停留时间的因素,为灌区水塘湿地的改造和净化能力的提高提出合理的建议。 | 彭丽媛 董斌 Mark Wahl 孙宁宁 Larry Brown 郑传举 王建漳 | 2009 | 灌溉排水学报2009，28，6： | 6 |
| 6 | Panitumumab and irinotecan versus irinotecan alone for patients with KRAS wild-type, fluorouracil-resistant advanced colorectal cancer (PICCOLO): a prospectively stratified randomised trial显示文摘 | Matthew T Seymour Sarah R Brown Gary Middleton Timothy Maughan Susan Richman Stephen Gwyther Catherine Lowe Jennifer F Seligmann Jonathan Wadsley Nick Maisey Ian Chau Mark Hill Lesley Dawson Stephen Falk Ann O’Callaghan Kim Benstead Philip Chambers Alfred | 2013 | Lancet Oncology2013，，8： | 6 |
| 7 | Emergy-based environmental accounting toward a sustainable Mongolia显示文摘An emergy-based environmental accounting of Mongolia is presented based on the data from 1995 to 2012.By calculating natural and economic inputs and a series of emergy indicators,this paper discusses Mongolia’s resource use structure,economic situation,trade status and societal sustainability.The results show that the total emergy use for Mongolia changed from 2.83×10^(22) sej in 1995 to 4.96×10^(22) sej in 2012,representing a 75% increase over the 18 years of this study,yet its emergy per capita remains one of the lowest in the world(1.74×10^(16) sej/capita).The emergy money ratio(EMR)of Mongolia during 1995–2012 decreased from 1.99×10^(13) sej/USD to 7.75×10^(12) sej/USD,which indicates that the power of a dollar for purchasing real wealth in Mongolia was declining,while the relatively high absolute values compared to its trading partners and even the world average EMR suggests that Mongolia is continuing a trade disadvantage.Mongolia’s emergy exchange ratio is increasingly less than one to the point that in 2012 the ratio was 0.3 suggesting that the exported emergy was over 3.3 times greater than the imported emergy.The growing dependence on imports and the dramatic increase in exports suggests that Mongolia’s economy is increasingly vulnerable to downturns in the world economy. | LI Haitao BROWN Mark | 2017 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2017，27，10： | 5 |
| 8 | 低GWP值制冷剂的有限选择显示文摘作为现今空调系统常用的制冷剂,氢氟烃是一类潜在温室气体,并且它们对气候变化的影响会不断增长。未来,氢氟烃的使用将逐渐减少,因此必须寻找适合的替代工质。本文显示,仅有少数几种单一工质具有作为制冷剂所必需拥有的化学、环境、热力学和安全的综合特性,同时这些工质至少是微可燃的。根据筛选标准从一个综合化学品数据库中搜索了一些替代品。对于这些通过了热力学和环境特性筛选(临界温度和全球变暖潜能值)的工质,在小型空调系统中进行了性能模拟,其中包括换热器的优化。发现当考虑到更实际的系统时,存在于理想分析中的效率和制冷量之间的平衡就消失了。最高效率出现在较高单位容积制冷量附近,但存在于这个范围内的工质极少。 | Mark O.McLinden J.Steven Brown Riccardo Brignoli Andrei F.Kazakov Piotr A.Domanski 张磊华 | 2017 | 暖通空调2017，47，8： | 5 |
| 9 | A Floating Island Treatment System for the Removal of Phosphorus from Surface Waters显示文摘本研究旨在设计、建造和测试一个中试规模的浮动模块化处理系统,并用以对美国佛罗里达州中部富营养化湖泊中的总磷(TP)进行去除。该处理系统由生物和物理-化学处理模块组成。用多种底物和水生大型植物组合构建了13种不同的中宇宙实验(mesocosm),分别测试了总磷(TP)和正磷(PO_4^(3-))的去除率及潜在的区域去除率。此外本研究对7种吸附介质进行了小型杯罐实验和柱实验,并对3种商业树脂进行了吸附能力的测试。完成这些独立的测试过程后,在佛罗里达中部的一个湖泊中,设计了一个浮岛处理系统(FITS)并运行了8个月。中宇宙实验对磷的平均去除率为40%~50%,平均去除量为5.0 g·m^(–2)·a^(–1)。其中沉水植物(SAV)系统和藻类洗涤器(AGS)效果最好,分别去除了20 mg·m^(–2)·d^(–1)和50 mg·m^(–2)·d^(–1)的磷,它们对磷的平均去除量分别为5.5 g·m^(–2)·a^(–1)和12.0 g·m^(–2)·a^(–1)。在吸附介质中,明矾渣(AR)的性能最佳,接触5 min后,PO_4^(3-)浓度降低了75%左右。在所测试的商品树脂中,PhosX树脂的去除效果最好,在30 min后去除了约40%的磷,60 min后去除了约60%的磷。在基线运行条件下展开实验,FITS对PO_4^(3-)的平均去除率为53%;使用PO_4^(3-)去除率的第50百分位和第90百分位以及FITS的环境足迹进行评价,结果表明系统的去除率分别为56%和86%;区域磷去除率在8.9~16.5 g·m^(–2)·a^(–1)之间。 | Mark T. Brown Treavor Boyer R.J. Sindelar Sam Arden Amar Persaud Sherry Brandt-Williams | 2018 | Engineering2018，4，5： | 4 |
| 10 | Global sustainability: Toward definition显示文摘 | Becky J. Brown Mark E. Hanson Diana M. Liverman Robert W. Merideth | 1987 | Environmental Management1987，，6： | 3 |
| 11 | Cytokine mucosal expression in ulcerative colitis, the relationship between cytokine release and disease activity显示文摘 | Daniel S. Pearl Krina Shah Mark A. Whittaker Harriet Nitch-Smith James F. Brown Janis K. Shute Timothy M. Trebble | 2012 | Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis2012，，： | 3 |
| 12 | Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI for Assessment of T Category, Lymph Node Metastases, and Circumferential Resection Margin Involvement in Patients with Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis显示文摘 | Eisar Al-Sukhni Laurent Milot Mark Fruitman Joseph Beyene J. Victor Selina Schmocker Gina Brown Robin McLeod Erin Kennedy | 2012 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2012，，7： | 3 |
| 13 | Maple phylogeny and biogeography inferred from phylogenomic data显示文摘Acer(the maple genus)is one of the diverse tree genera in the Northern Hemisphere with about 152 species,most of which are in eastern Asia.There are roughly a dozen species in Europe/western Asia and a dozen in North America.Several phylogenetic studies of Acer have been conducted since 1998,but none have provided a satisfactory resolution for basal relationships among sections of Acer.Here we report the first well-resolved phylogeny of Acer based on DNA sequences of over 500 nuclear loci generated using the anchored hybrid enrichment method and explore the implications of the robust phylogeny for Acer systematics and biogeography.Our phylogenetic results support the most recent taxonomic treatment of Acer by de Jong with some modifications;section Pentaphylla may be expanded to include section Trifoliata,and A.yangbiense may be included in section Lithocarpa.Sections Spicata,Negundo,Arguta,and Palmata form a clade sister to the rest of the genus where sections Glabra and Parviflora comprise the first clade followed by section Macrantha,sections Ginnala,Lithocarpa,Indivisa,sections Platanoidea and Macrophylla,section Rubra,section Acer,and section Pentaphylla.Monotypic sections Glabra and Macrophylla in North America are sister to the Japanese section Parviflora and Eurasian section Platanoidea,respectively.Ancestral area inferences using statistical dispersal and vicariance analysis(S-DIVA)and dispersal and extinction cladogenesis(DEC)methods suggest that Asia might be the most likely ancestral area of Acer as proposed by Wolfe and Tanai and molecular dating using Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees(BEAST)indicate that section diversifications of Acer might have completed largely in the late Eocene and the intercontinental disjunctions of Acer between eastern Asia and eastern North America formed mostly in the Miocene. | Jianhua Li Mark Stukel Parker Bussies Kaleb Skinner Alan R.Lemmon Emily Moriarty Lemmon Kenneth Brown Airat Bekmetjev Nathan G.Swenson | 2019 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2019，57，6： | 3 |
| 14 | Critical Appraisal of the Diagnosis of the Sessile Serrated Adenoma显示文摘 | Mark Bettington Neal Walker Christophe Rosty Ian Brown Andrew Clouston Leesa Wockner Vicki Whitehall Barbara Leggett | 2014 | The American Journal of Surgical Pathology2014，，2： | 2 |
| 15 | Model for end-stage liver disease and Child-Turcotte-Pugh score as predictors of pretransplantation disease severity, posttransplantation outcome, and resource utilization in United Network for Organ Sharing status 2A patients显示文摘 | Robert S. Brown K.Shiva Kumar Mark W. Russo Milan Kinkhabwala Dianne L. Rudow Patricia Harren Steven Lobritto Jean C. Emond | 2002 | Liver Transplantation2002，，3： | 2 |
| 16 | Hepatitis B vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘AIM:To determine the prevalence for hepatitis B virus(HBV) and HBV screening and vaccination practices for inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:This study is a retrospective,cross-sectional observational study.A retrospective chart review was performed in 500 patients who have been consecutively treated for IBD between September 2008 and January 2013 at the Rush University Medical Center Gastroenterology section.The patients were identified through the electronic medical record with the criteria that they attended the gastroenterology clinic,and that they had a diagnosis of IBD at the time of visit discharge.Once identified,each record was analyzed to determine whether the subject had been infected with HBV in the past,already been vaccinated against HBV,or advised to get vaccinated and followed through with the recommended vaccination.RESULTS:About 254 out of 500 patients(51%) had HBV screening ordered.Among those ordered to have screening tests,86% followed through with HBV serology.Gastroenterology physicians had significantly different screening ratios from each other(P < 0.001).There were no significant differences in the ratios of HBV screening when IBD specialists were compared to other gastroenterology physicians(0.505 ± 0.023 vs 0.536 ± 0.066,P = 0.66).Of those 220 patients screened,51% of IBD patients were found not to be immune against HBV.Approximately 50% of gastroenterology physicians recommended HBV vaccinations to their patients in whom serology was negative for antibodies against HBV.IBD specialists recommended vaccinations to a higher percentage of their patients compared to other gastroenterology physicians(0.168 ± 0.019 vs 0.038 ± 0.026,P = 0.015).Present and/or past HBV infection was found in 3.6% of the patients who had serology checked.There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) between our study and that reported in previous studies done in Spain(4/220 vs 14/2076 respectively,P = 0.070); and in France(4/220 vs 3/315 respectively,P = 0.159).But,the prevalence of anti-HBcAb in this study was less than that reported in the study in Spain(7/220 vs 155/2076 respectively,P = 0.006); and was not sig-nificantly different from that reported in the study in France(7/220 vs 8/315 respectively,P = 0.313).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of HBsAg in our IBD patients was not higher than previously reported European studies.Most IBD patients are not routinely screened or vaccinated against HBV at a tertiary referral center in the United States. | Ruwaida Ben Musa Anuhya Gampa Sanjib Basu Ali Keshavarzian Garth Swanson Michael Brown Rana Abraham Keith Bruninga John Losurdo Mark DeMeo Sohrab Mobarhan David Shapiro Ece Mutlu | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，41： | 2 |
| 17 | A new framework for reverse cholesterol transport: Non-biliary contributions to reverse cholesterol transport显示文摘Reduction of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol through statin therapy has only modestly decreased coronary heart disease (CHD)-associated mortality in developed countries, which has prompted the search for alternative therapeutic strategies for CHD. Major efforts are now focused on therapies that augment high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), and ultimately increase the fecal disposal of cholesterol. The process of RCT has long been thought to simply involve HDL-mediated delivery of peripheral cholesterol to the liver for biliary excretion out of the body. However, recent studies have revealed a novel pathway for RCT that does not rely on biliary secretion. This nonbiliary pathway rather involves the direct excretion of cholesterol by the proximal small intestine. Compared to RCT therapies that augment biliary sterol loss, modulation of non-biliary fecal sterol loss through the intestine is a much more attractive therapeutic strategy, given that excessive biliary cholesterol secretion can promote gallstone formation. However, we are at an early stage in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the non-biliary pathway for RCT, and much additional work is required in order to effectively target this pathway for CHD prevention. The purpose of this review is to discuss our current understanding of biliary and nonbiliary contributions to RCT with particular emphasis on the possibility of targeting the intestine as an inducible cholesterol secretory organ. | Ryan E Temel J Mark Brown | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，47： | 2 |
| 18 | Global sustainability: Toward measurement显示文摘 | Diana M. Liverman Mark E. Hanson Becky J. Brown Robert W. Merideth | 1988 | Environmental Management1988，，2： | 2 |
| 19 | eVALuate研究:经腹腔镜与开腹和经阴道子宫切除术相比较的两项平行随机试验显示文摘 | Ray Garry Jayne Fountain Su Mason Jeremy Hawe Vicky Napp Jason Abbott Richard Clayton Graham Phillips Mark Whittaker Richard Lilford Stephen Bridgman Julia Brown 曹冬焱 | 2005 | 英国医学杂志中文版2005，8，3： | 2 |
| 20 | Causes of encephalitis and differences in their clinical presentations in England: a multicentre, population-based prospective study显示文摘 | Julia Granerod Helen E Ambrose Nicholas WS Davies Jonathan P Clewley Amanda L Walsh Dilys Morgan Richard Cunningham Mark Zuckerman Ken J Mutton Tom Solomon Katherine N Ward Michael PT Lunn Sarosh R Irani Angela Vincent David WG Brown Natasha S Crowcroft | 2010 | The Lancet Infectious Diseases2010，，12： | 2 |
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