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| 1 | Augmenting peripheral nerve regeneration using stem cells: A review of current opinion显示文摘Outcomes following peripheral nerve injury remain frustratingly poor. The reasons for this are multifactorial, although maintaining a growth permissive environment in the distal nerve stump following repair is arguably the most important. The optimal environment for axonal regeneration relies on the synthesis and release of many biochemical mediators that are temporally and spatially regulated with a high level of incompletely understood complexity. The Schwann cell(SC) has emerged as a key player in this process. Prolonged periods of distal nerve stump denervation, characteristic of large gaps and proximal injuries, have been associated with a reduction in SC number and ability to support regenerating axons. Cell based therapy offers a potential therapy for the improvement of outcomes following peripheral nerve reconstruction. Stem cells have the potential to increase the number of SCs and prolong their ability to support regeneration. They may also have the ability to rescue and replenish populations of chromatolytic and apoptotic neurons following axotomy. Finally, they can be used in non-physiologic ways to preserve injured tissues such as denervated muscle while neuronal ingrowth has not yet occurred. Aside from stem cell type, careful consideration must be given to differentiation status, how stem cells are supported following transplantation and how they will be delivered to the site of injury. It is the aim of this article to review current opinions on the strategies of stem cell based therapy for the augmentation of peripheral nerve regeneration. | Neil G Fairbairn Amanda M Meppelink Joanna Ng-Glazier Mark A Randolph Jonathan M Winograd | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，1： | 12 |
| 2 | Claudin-11 and occludin are major contributors to Sertoli cell tight junction function, in vitro显示文摘Sertoli 房间紧密的连接(TJ ) 是血睾丸障碍的关键部件,在它扣押开发在生精的小管以内经历精子发生的细菌房间的地方。神经质地调整的 claudin-11 是在不孕涉及障碍功能和它的鼠科的猛烈结果的批评 transmembrane 蛋白质。我们试图估计份量上到 TJ 功能的 claudin-11 的贡献的意义在 vitro,使用调停 siRNA 的基因 silencing。我们也进行了 occludin 的贡献的分析, TJ 的另一内在的 transmembrane 蛋白质。claudin-11 或 occludin 的 Silencing 在一个不成熟的老鼠 Sertoli 房间文化模型用 siRNA 被进行。Transepithelial 电的抵抗被用来在整个文化估计份量上 TJ 功能。在 siRNA 处理以后的二天,房间为对 mRNA 的 RT-PCR 评价为连接蛋白质或 lyzed 的 immunocytochemical 本地化被修理表示。claudin-11, occludin,或两个的 Silencing 在 55% 的 TJ 功能导致了重要减少(P <0.01 ) , 51%(P <0.01 ) ,并且 62%(P <0.01 ) 分别地。数据在到 Sertoli 房间 TJ 的指向的蛋白质的本地化是有在 mRNA 表示和显著减小的重要减少的伴随物。我们提供 claudin-11 显著地贡献的量的证据(P <0.01 ) 到 Sertoli 房间 TJ 在 vitro 工作。有趣地, occludin,神经质地在不孕被调整然而并非含有直到迟了的成人生活,也是一重要(P <0.01 ) 贡献者到障碍功能。我们的数据与一致在清楚地为这些表明一个角色的 vivo 研究,在维持正常 TJ 障碍的蛋白质组织并且工作。 | Mark J McCabe Caroline FH Foo Marcel E Dinger Peter M Smooker Peter G Stanton | 2016 | Asian Journal of Andrology2016，18，4： | 7 |
| 3 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 4 | 伦理学与SARS:多伦多的教训显示文摘SARS的流行说明传染病在世界范围内流行是件多么容易的事,为了更好地应对下一次流行病,我们不仅要解决医学方面的问题,也同样需要解决伦理学方面的问题。 | Peter A Singer Solomon R Benatar Mark Bernstein Abdallah S Daar Bernard M Dickens Susan K MacRae Ross E G Upshur Linda Wright Randi Zlotnik Shaul 肖月 | 2004 | 英国医学杂志中文版2004，7，4： | 3 |
| 5 | Reninoma: case report and literature review显示文摘 | Lara Wong Thomas HS Hsu Mark G Perlroth Lawrence V Hofmann Claudia M Haynes Laurence Katznelson | 2008 | Journal of Hypertension2008，，2： | 2 |
| 6 | Updating asthma management: the process of change 显示文摘 | Powell CV Marks MK South M Rodertson CF | 2001 | J Pe diatr Health Care2001，15，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Shaped Ceramics with Tunable Magnetic Properties from Metal-Containing Polymers 显示文摘 | MARK J M MADLEN G NElL C | 2000 | Science2000，287，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Marine sediment toxicity identification evaluation methods for the anionic metals arsenic and chromium显示文摘 | Robert M Burgess Moniquem Perron Mark G Cantwell | 2007 | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry2007，26，1： | 1 |
| 9 | On the 'downward control'of the extratropical diabatic circulations by eddy-induced mean zonal forces显示文摘 | Haynes P H M E Marks T G Shepherd | 1991 | J Atmos Sci1991，48，： | 1 |
| 10 | Anisotropic effects on the strain rate dependence of a wrought magnesium alloy 显示文摘 | MATTHEW T T MARK F H PHILLIP M G HAITHAM E K WILBURN R W | 2009 | Scripta Materialia2009，60，： | 1 |
| 11 | Trends in non-melanocytic skin cancer treated in Australia:the second national survey显示文摘 | Marks R Staples M Giles G | 1993 | Int J Cancer1993，53，： | 1 |
| 12 | The effect of allochthonous salt on the petroleum systems of northern Green Canyon and Ewing Bank (offshore Louisiana),northern Gulf of Mexico显示文摘 | Paul W Mark G R | 1998 | AAPG Bulletin1998，82，5： | 1 |
| 13 | In situ intercalative polymerization of pyrrole in FeOCl: a new class of layered, conducting polymer-inorganic hybrid materials 显示文摘 | Kanatzidis M G Tonge L M Marks T J | 1987 | J Am Chem Soc1987，109，12： | 1 |
| 14 | Regulatory role of SGTI in early R Gene-Mediated plant defenses显示文摘 | Mark J Paul M Katherine K Bart J Jonathan D G Jane E | 2002 | Science2002，295，15： | 1 |
| 15 | Melanosomes dark organelles en- lighten endosomal membrane transport显示文摘 | RAPOSO G MARKS M S | 2007 | Nat Rev Mol Cell Bi- ol2007，8，10： | 1 |
| 16 | The COP9 Complex, a Novel Multisubunit Nuclear Regulator Involved in Light Control of a Plant Developmental Switch显示文摘 | Daniel A Chamovitz Ning Wei Mark T Osterlund Albrecht G von Arnim Jeffrey M Staub Minami Matsui Xing-Wang Deng | 1996 | Cell1996，，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Creating safer workplaces: assessing the determinants and role of safety climate 显示文摘 | DAVID M D BRYAN S S MARK G W | 2004 | Journal of Safety Research2004，35，1： | 1 |
| 18 | PTEN in- duced vascular endothelial growth fator secretion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma显示文摘 | Mark G S Leigh A B Megan M K | 2005 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun2005，331，3： | 1 |
| 19 | The relationship between land use and organochlorine compounds in streambed sediments and fish in the central Columbia Plateau,Washington and Idaho,USA显示文摘 | MARK D M STEVE J G | 1997 | Environmental toxicology1997，16，7： | 1 |
| 20 | High dose preoperative irradiation for cancer of the rectum, 1975-1988 显示文摘 | Mohiuddin M Marks G | 1991 | Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys1991，20，： | 1 |
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