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| 1 | Cachexia and pancreatic cancer: Are there treatment options?显示文摘Cachexia is frequently described in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)and is associated with reduced survival and quality of life.Unfortunately,the therapeutic options of this multi-factorial and complex syndrome are limited.This is due to the fact that,despite extensive preclinical and clinical research,the underlying pathological mechanisms leading to PDAC-associated cachexia are still not fully understood.Furthermore,there is still a lack of consensus on the definition of cachexia,which complicates the standardization of diagnosis and treatment as well as the analysis of the current literature.In order to provide an efficient therapy for cachexia,an early and reliable diagnosis and consistent monitoring is required,which can be challenging especially in obese patients.Although many substances have been tested in clinical and preclinical settings,so far none of them have been proven to have a long-term effect in ameliorating cancer-associated cachexia.However,recent studies have demonstrated that multidimensional therapeutic modalities are able to alleviate pancreatic cancerassociated cachexia and ultimately improve patients’outcome.In this current review,we propose a stepwise and pragmatic approach to facilitate and standardize the treatment of cachexia in pancreatic cancer patients.This strategy consists of nutritional,dietary,pharmacological,physical and psychological methods. | Tara C Mueller Marc A Burmeister Jeannine Bachmann Marc E Martignoni | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，28： | 3 |
| 2 | Prognostic role of the histologic subtypes of renal cell carcinoma after slide revision显示文摘 | Ficana V Martignoni G Galfano A | 2006 | Eur Uro12006，50，： | 1 |
| 3 | In vivo hypoxic preconditioning protects from warm liver ischemia-reperfusion injury through the adenosine A2B receptor显示文摘 | Choukèr A Ohta A Martignoni A | 2012 | Transplantation2012，94，9： | 1 |
| 4 | Ron receptor tyrosine kinase-dependent hepatic neutrophil recruitment and survival bene?t in a murine model of bacterial peritonitis显示文摘 | Caldwell CC Martignoni A Leonis MA | 2008 | Crit Care Med2008，36，： | 1 |
| 5 | Prognostic role of the histologic subtypes of renal cell carcinoma after slide revision 显示文摘 | Ficarra V Martignoni G Galfano A | 2006 | Eur Urol2006，50，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Alpha gluthathione S-trans- ferase as an early marker of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury after liver resection 显示文摘 | Chouker A Martignoni A Schauer R J | 2005 | World J Surg2005，29，4： | 1 |
| 7 | l Endorphin patterns within the headache spectrum disorders显示文摘 | Nappi G Facchinetti F Martignoni E et a | 1985 | Cephalagia1985，5，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Divergent functions of CD4+ T lymphocytes in acute liver inflammation and injury after is- ehemia-reperfusion 显示文摘 | Caldwell CC Okaya T Martignoni A | 2005 | Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol2005，289，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Differential immunological phenotypes are exhibited after scald and flame burns显示文摘 | Tschop J Martignoni A Reid MD | 2009 | Shock2009，31，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Immediate loading in the maxilla using flapless surgery,implants placed in predetermined positions,and prefabricated provisional restorations:a retrospective 3-year clinical study显示文摘 | Rocci A Martignoni M Gottlow J | 2003 | Clin Implant Dent Relat Res2003，5，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Parkinson's disease and reproductive life events显示文摘 | Martignoni E Nappi RE Citterio A Calandrella D Corengia E Fignon A Zangaglia R Riboldazzi G Pacchetti C Nappi G | 2002 | Neurol Sci2002，232，： | 1 |
| 12 | Beneficial effects of ischernic preconditioning in patients undergoing hepatectomy: the role of neutrophils 显示文摘 | Chouker A Martignoni A Jaueh K W | 2005 | Arch Surg2005，140，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Mandibulal length, Condyle position and Frankel appliance therapy 显示文摘 | Gianelly A A Brosnan P Martignoni M | 1983 | Angle orthod1983，53，： | 1 |
| 14 | α-Glutathione S-Transferase as an early marker of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury after liver resection显示文摘 | Choukér A Martignoni A Schauer R J | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Divergent functions of CD4+ T lymphocytes in acute liver inflammation and injury after ischemia-reperfusion显示文摘 | Okaya T Martignoni A | 2005 | Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol2005，289，： | 1 |
| 16 | Immediate loading of Branemark System TiUnite and machined-surface implants in the posterior mandible:A randomized open-ended clinical trial显示文摘 | Rocci A Martignoni M Gottlow J | | 0，，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Perivaseular epithelioid cell (PEC) tumors of the uterus: a clinicopathologic study of two cases with aggressive features显示文摘 | Bosincu L Rocca P C Martignoni G Nogales F F Longa L Maccioni A | 2005 | Mod Pathol2005，18，： | 1 |
| 18 | CD4-expressing cells are early mediators of the innate immune system during sepsis 显示文摘 | Martignoni A Tschp J Goetzman HS | 2005 | Shock2005，29，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Ischemic preconditioning attenuates portal venous pLasma concentrations of purines following warm liver ischeraia in man显示文摘 | Chouker A Martignoni A Schauer RJ | 2005 | Eur Surg Res2005，37，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Strenuous physical exercises inhibits granulocyte activation induced high altitude 显示文摘 | Choukor A Demetz F Martignoni A | 2005 | J Appl Physio2005，98，2： | 1 |
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