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| 1 | 自发性脑出血管理指南 美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会针对医疗专业人员的指南显示文摘目的本指南旨在为自发性脑出血的诊断和治疗提供最新的全面推荐意见。方法利用PubMed进行规范化文献检索,检索时间至2013年8月底。撰写委员会成员通过远程电信会议讨论指南内容及推荐意见,采用美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会的疗效确定性水平和证据分级方案对推荐意见进行分级。由6位同行评议专家以及卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会和卒中委员会领导委员会成员对指南草案进行发表前审阅。结果本文为急性脑出血患者的医疗诊治提供了循证指南,重点包括诊断、凝血功能障碍和血压管理、继发性脑损伤防治、颅内压控制、外科治疗的作用、转归预测、康复、二级预防以及将来需要考虑的问题。本指南已纳入最新的3期临床试验结果。结论脑出血是一种需要进行早期积极救治的危重疾病。本指南为脑出血患者的目标导向治疗提供了一个框架。 | J. Claude Hemphill Ⅲ Steven M. Greenberg Craig S. Anderson Kyra Beckelr Bernard R. Bendok Mary Cushman Gordon L. Fung Joshua N. Goldstein R. LochMacdonald Pamela H Mitchell, Phillip A Scott,Magdy H Selim, Daniel Woo 高圆圆 徐欣 | 2015 | 国际脑血管病杂志2015，23，10： | 444 |
| 2 | 影响卒中死亡率下降的因素美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会的科学声明显示文摘背景和目的 美国的卒中死亡率自20世纪初以来一直呈下降趋势,尽管这种“下降”很受欢迎,但其原因尚不完全清楚.由于近年来卒中死亡率呈现出更为显著的加速下降趋势,卒中已从美国的第3位死亡原因下降至第4位.这促使人们对影响卒中发病风险和死亡率变化的相关因素进行详细评估.这份声明对有关卒中死亡率下降趋势的促进因素的研究证据进行回顾,并讨论了将来如何利用这些因素在卒中这一重大公共卫生问题的干预研究中发挥作用.方法 写作组成员由委员会主席和副主席根据其以前在相关领域的研究成果提名,并通过美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会和美国心脏协会手稿监督委员会批准.作者利用系统文献综述,参考公开发表的临床和流行病学研究、发病率和死亡率报告、临床与公共卫生指南、权威声明、个人文件以及专家意见,对相关证据进行总结并指出与当前知识水平的差距.所有写作组成员均有机会评论这份声明并批准其最终版本.这份声明经过AHA内部的广泛同行评议以及卒中委员会领导阶层和科学声明监督委员会的审查,然后获得AHA科学顾问与协调委员会的批准.结果 过去数十年间,在不同性别、所有种族/民族以及各个年龄组人群中都观察到卒中死亡率的下降,这体现出人群健康的重大进展.除了卒中对于总体寿命损失的影响减少外,在65岁以下人群中观察到的卒中死亡率显著下降体现了其所致潜在寿命损失年的减少.卒中死亡率的下降要归功于卒中发病率和病死率的降低.这些卒中转归的显著改善与心血管危险因素的控制和干预相一致.虽然很难计算出具体的归因危险度估计值,但始于20世纪70年代的血压控制措施似乎已对卒中死亡率的加速下降产生了最实质性的影响.尽管实施较晚,但糖尿病和血脂异常控制以及戒烟计划,特别是联合降压治疗,似乎同样促进了卒中死亡率的下降.远程医疗和卒中医疗体系也似乎具有强烈的潜在作用,但尚需足够长的时间来证明其对卒中死亡率下降的影响.其他因素也可能产生影响,但需要更多的研究来确定它们的作用.结论 卒中死亡率的下降是真实存在的,代表着公共卫生以及临床医学的巨大成功.卒中从第3位死亡原因下降至第4位是死亡率真实下降的结果,而并非由于慢性肺病死亡率上升所致,后者是目前在美国是第3位的死亡原因.有强烈的证据表明,卒中死亡率的下降可归功于以科学发现为基础、旨在降低卒中风险而执行的联合干预措施和项目,其中最有可能的是对高血压控制的改善.因此,对正在开展的干预项目进行的研究及其成果的应用已改善了人群健康.对一些积极的循证公共卫生项目以及临床干预措施的持续应用预期会进一步降低卒中死亡率. | Daniel T.Lackland Edward J.Roccella Anne F.Deutsch Myriam Fornage Mary G.George George Howard Brett M.Kissela Steven J.Kittner Judith H.Lichtman Lynda D. Lisabeth Lee H. Schwamm Eric E. Smith 高一鹭 陈政弘 王文志 | 2014 | 国际脑血管病杂志2014，22，5： | 41 |
| 3 | Circular smooth muscle contributes to esophageal shortening during peristalsis显示文摘AIM:To study the angle between the circular smooth muscle(CSM) and longitudinal smooth muscle(LSM) fibers in the distal esophagus.METHODS:In order to identify possible mechanisms for greater shortening in the distal compared to proximal esophagus during peristalsis,the angles between the LSM and CSM layers were measured in 9 cadavers.The outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis propria was exposed after stripping the outer serosa.The inner circular layer of the muscularis propria was then revealed after dissection of the esophageal mucosa and the underlying muscularis mucosa.Photographs of each specimen were taken with half of the open esophagus folded back showing both the outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle layers.Angles were measured every one cm for 10 cm proximal to the squamocolumnar junction(SCJ) by two independent investigators.Two human esophagi were obtained from organ transplant donors and the angles between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers were measured using micro-computed tomography(micro CT) and Image J software.RESULTS:All data are presented as mean ± SE.The CSM to LSM angle at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to SCJ on the autopsy specimens was 69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 74.9 ± 3.09 degrees,P = 0.32.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ were statistically significantly lower than at 2,3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 82.58 ± 1.34 degrees,84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.013,P = 0.008,P = 0.004,P = 0.009 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ was also statistically significantly lower than the angles at 6,7 and 8 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 80.18 ± 2.09 degrees,81.81 ± 1.75 degrees and 80.96 ± 2.04 degrees,P = 0.05,P = 0.02,P = 0.03 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at 1 cm proximal to SCJ was statistically significantly lower than at 3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,74.94 ± 3.09 degrees vs 84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.019,P = 0.008,P = 0.02 respectively.At 10 cm above SCJ the angle was 80.06 ± 2.13 degrees which is close to being perpendicular but less than 90 degrees.The CSM to LSM angles measured on virtual dissection of the esophagus and the stomach on micro CT at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to the SCJ were 48.39 ± 0.72 degrees and 50.81 ± 1.59 degrees.Rather than the angle of the CSM and LSM being perpendicular in the esophagus we found an acute angulation between these two muscle groups throughout the lower 10 cm of the esophagus.CONCLUSION:The oblique angulation of the CSM may contribute to the significantly greater shortening of distal esophagus when compared to the mid and proximal esophagus during peristalsis. | Anil K Vegesna Keng-Yu Chuang Ramashesai Besetty Steven J Phillips Alan S Braverman Mary F Barbe Michael R Ruggieri Larry S Miller | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 7 |
| 4 | PMI的组织项目管理成熟度模型(OPM3)(一)显示文摘引言
有史以来,各类组织包括:政府、军队、公司、非营利组织和慈善机构等都投入了大量的精力来确定其长期和短期的目标,并制定战略来实现这些目标.然而就我们所知,这些战略通常并不能保证他们成功地实现预定的结果.究其原因,多种多样:有时是由于制定了不现实的战略;有时是由于组织内部缺乏协调一致,而使战略无法推进;但战略失败的原因更多的是因为组织缺乏在战术层次上实施战略的能力. | STEVEN L.FAHRENKROG LISA MARIE KRUSZEWSKI 薛岩 | 2004 | 项目管理技术2004，2，1： | 4 |
| 5 | Patients undergoing infrainguinal bypass to treat atherosclerotic vascular disease are underprescribed cardioprotective medications: effect on graft patency, limb salvage, and mortality显示文摘 | Peter K Henke Susan Blackburn Mary C Proctor Jeri Stevens Debabrata Mukherjee Sanjay Rajagopalin Gilbert R Upchurch James C Stanley Kim A Eagle | 2004 | Journal of Vascular Surgery2004，，： | 2 |
| 6 | Identification of microRNAs associated with ileal and colonic Crohn’s disease显示文摘 | FengWu SiminZhang ThemistoclesDassopoulos Mary L.Harris Theodore M.Bayless Stephen J.Meltzer Steven R.Brant John H.Kwon | 2010 | Inflamm Bowel Dis2010，，10： | 2 |
| 7 | 美国放射学院适宜性标准:肩关节置换术后影像学检查(续)显示文摘过去的20年里,在美国实施的肩关节置换术的数量迅速增长,其中包括部分或全肱骨头表面置换术、半肩置换术、全肩关节置换术和反式全肩关节置换术。影像学检查在诊断这些肩关节置换术引起的并发症方面起到了重要作用。本综述分为两个部分。第一部分阐述了对各种影像学检查模式的总体探讨,包括X线片、计算机断层扫描、核磁共振成像、超声、核医学以及它们提供有益的以治疗为导向的信息时所发挥的作用。第二部分重点研究最佳影像学方法的选择,用于肩关节置换术的并发症,包括无菌性松动、感染、骨折、肩袖肌腱撕裂和神经损伤。在本报告中所提供的美国放射学院适宜性标准循证指南,是通过广泛分析来自同行评审期刊的现有医学文献,并应用行之有效的方法学而完成的(兰德/加州大学洛杉矶分校的适宜性方法以及推荐评价、发展和评估分级),它们用于特殊临床情况下的影像学检查和治疗措施的适宜性评价。多学科专家小组对指南进行了进一步的分析和审查。由于用于推荐合适成像算法的数据会出现不足或模棱两可,在这种情况下,专家意见可能对现有证据进行补充。为此,将美国《放射学院适宜性标准:肩关节置换术后影像学检查》翻译成中文,供同道参考。 | 张晓萌 陈建海 Soterios Gyftopoulos Zehava S.Rosenberg Catherine C.Roberts Jenny T.Bencardino Marc Appel Steven J.Baccei R.Carter Cassidy Eric Y.Chang Michael G.Fox Bennett S.Greenspan Mary G.Hochman Jon A.Jacobson Douglas N.Mintz Joel S.Newman Nehal A.Shah Kirstin M.Small Barbara N.Weissman | 2017 | 中华肩肘外科电子杂志2017，5，4： | 2 |
| 8 | Host Response to Translocated Microbial Products Predicts Outcomes of Patients With HBV or HCV Infection显示文摘 | Netanya G. Sandler Christopher Koh Annelys Roque Jason L. Eccleston Rebecca B. Siegel Mary Demino David E. Kleiner Steven G. Deeks T. Jake Liang Theo Heller Daniel C. Douek | 2011 | Gastroenterology2011，，4： | 2 |
| 9 | Genome‐wide gene expression differences in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis from endoscopic pinch biopsies: Insights into distinctive pathogenesis显示文摘 | FengWu ThemistoclesDassopoulos LeslieCope AnirbanMaitra Steven R.Brant Mary L.Harris Theodore M.Bayless GiovanniParmigiani ShuktiChakravarti | 2007 | Inflamm Bowel Dis2007，，7： | 2 |
| 10 | Protective effects of high-molecular weight Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in human lung endothelial cell barrier regulation: Role of actin cytoskeletal rearrangement显示文摘 | Eddie T. Chiang Sara M. Camp Steven M. Dudek Mary E. Brown Peter V. Usatyuk Olga Zaborina John C. Alverdy Joe G.N. Garcia | 2008 | Microvascular Research2008，，2： | 2 |
| 11 | MicroRNAs Are Differentially Expressed in Ulcerative Colitis and Alter Expression of Macrophage Inflammatory Peptide-2α显示文摘 | Feng Wu Michelle Zikusoka Anil Trindade Themistocles Dassopoulos Mary L. Harris Theodore M. Bayless Steven R. Brant Shukti Chakravarti John H. Kwon | 2008 | Gastroenterology2008，，： | 2 |
| 12 | The role of endoscopy in the management of obscure GI bleeding显示文摘 | Laurel Fisher Mary Lee Krinsky Michelle A. Anderson Vasundhara Appalaneni Subhas Banerjee Tamir Ben-Menachem Brooks D. Cash G. Anton Decker Robert D. Fanelli Cindy Friis Norio Fukami M. Edwyn Harrison Steven O. Ikenberry Rajeev Jain Terry Jue Khalid Khan | 2010 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2010，，3： | 2 |
| 13 | Plant zonation in low‐latitude salt marshes: disentangling the roles of flooding, salinity and competition显示文摘 | STEVEN C.PENNINGS MARY‐BESTORGRANT MARK D.BERTNESS | 2004 | Journal of Ecology2004，，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Severe Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Associated with Coxsackievirus A6 - Alabama, Connecticut, California, and Nevada, November 201 1 - February 2012显示文摘 | McIntyre Mary G Stevens Kelly M Davidson Sherri Pippin Tina Magill Dagny Kulhanjian Julie A Kelly Daniel Greenhow Tara L Salas Maria L Yagi Shigeo Padilla Tasha Berumen Ricardo Glaser Carol Landry Marie Louise Lott Jason Chen Lei Paulson | 2012 | EN2012，，12： | 2 |
| 15 | Adverse events of upper GI endoscopy显示文摘 | Tamir Ben-Menachem G. Anton Decker Dayna S. Early Jerry Evans Robert D. Fanelli Deborah A. Fisher Laurel Fisher Norio Fukami Joo Ha Hwang Steven O. Ikenberry Rajeev Jain Terry L. Jue Khalid M. Khan Mary L. Krinsky Phyllis M. Malpas John T. Maple Ravi N. S | 2012 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2012，，4： | 2 |
| 16 | The role of endoscopy in the evaluation of suspected choledocholithiasis显示文摘 | John T. Maple Tamir Ben-Menachem Michelle A. Anderson Vasundhara Appalaneni Subhas Banerjee Brooks D. Cash Laurel Fisher M. Edwyn Harrison Robert D. Fanelli Norio Fukami Steven O. Ikenberry Rajeev Jain Khalid Khan Mary Lee Krinsky Laura Strohmeyer Jason A | 2010 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2010，，1： | 2 |
| 17 | Management of antithrombotic agents for endoscopic procedures显示文摘 | Michelle A. Anderson Tamir Ben-Menachem S. Ian Gan Vasundhara Appalaneni Subhas Banerjee Brooks D. Cash Laurel Fisher M. Edwyn Harrison Robert D. Fanelli Norio Fukami Steven O. Ikenberry Rajeev Jain Khalid Khan Mary Lee Krinsky David R. Lichtenstein John | 2009 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2009，，6： | 2 |
| 18 | MicroRNAs Are Differentially Expressed in Ulcerative Colitis and Alter Expression of Macrophage Inflammatory Peptide-2α显示文摘 | Feng Wu Michelle Zikusoka Anil Trindade Themistocles Dassopoulos Mary L. Harris Theodore M. Bayless Steven R. Brant Shukti Chakravarti John H. Kwon | 2008 | Gastroenterology2008，，5： | 2 |
| 19 | Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2008 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee显示文摘 | Wayne Rosamond Katherine Flegal Karen Furie Alan Go Kurt Greenlund Nancy Haase Susan M. Hailpern Michael Ho Virginia Howard Brett Kissela Steven Kittner Donald Lloyd-Jones Mary McDermott James Meigs Claudia Moy Graham Nichol Christopher O’Donnell Veroniqu | 2008 | Circulation2008，，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Melanoma metastasis suppression by chromosome 6:evidence for a pathway regulated by CRSP3and TXNIP显示文摘 | Mary E M Naohito H | 2003 | Cancer Res2003，63，2： | 1 |
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