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| 1 | Direct-fed microbes: A tool for improving the utilization of low quality roughages in ruminants显示文摘For many years, ruminant nutritionists and microbiologists have been interested in manipulating the microbial ecosystem of the rumen to improve production efficiency of different ruminant species. Removal and restriction of antibiotics subtherapeutic uses from ruminant diets has amplified interest in improving nutrient utilization and animal performance and search for more safe alternatives. Some bacterial and fungal microorganisms as a direct-fed microbial(DFM) can be the most suitable solutions. Microorganisms that are commonly used in DFM for ruminants may be classified mainly as lactic acid producing bacteria(LAB), lactic acid utilizing bacteria(LUB), or other microorganism's species like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Propionibacterium, Megasphaera elsdenii and Prevotellabryantii, in addition to some fungal species of yeast such as Saccharomyces and Aspergillus. A definitive mode of action for bacterial or fungal DFM has not been established; although a variety of mechanisms have been suggested. Bacterial DFM potentially moderate rumen conditions, and improve weight gain and feed efficiency. Fungal DFM may reduce harmful oxygen from the rumen, prevent excess lactate production, increase feed digestibility, and alter rumen fermentation patterns. DFM may also compete with and inhibit the growth of pathogens, immune system modulation, and modulate microbial balance in the gastrointestinal tract. Improved dry matter intake, milk yield, fat corrected milk yield and milk fat content were obtained with DFM administration. However, the response to DFM is not constant; depending on dosages, feeding times and frequencies, and strains of DFM. Nonetheless, recent studies have supported the positive effects of DFM on ruminant performance. | Mona M Y Elghandour Abdelfattah Z M Salem Jose S Martínez Castaeda Luis M Camacho Ahmed E Kholif Juan C Vázquez Chagoyán | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，3： | 7 |
| 2 | Effects of cellulase and xylanase enzymes mixed with increasing doses of Salix babylonica extract on in vitro rumen gas production kinetics of a mixture of corn silage with concentrate显示文摘An in vitro gas production(GP) technique was used to investigate the effects of combining different doses of Salix babylonica extract(SB) with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes(EZ) based on xylanase(X) and cellulase(C), or their mixture(XC; 1:1 v/v) on in vitro fermentation characteristics of a total mixed ration of corn silage and concentrate mixture(50:50, w/w) as substrate. Four levels of SB(0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 m L g–1 dry matter(DM)) and four supplemental styles of EZ(1 μL g–1 DM; control(no enzymes), X, C and XC(1:1, v/v) were used in a 4×4 factorial arrangement. In vitro GP(m L g–1 DM) were recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h of incubation. After 72 h, the incubation process was stopped and supernatant p H was determined, and then filtered to determine dry matter degradability(DMD). Fermentation parameters, such as the 24 h gas yield(GY24), in vitro organic matter digestibility(OMD), metabolizable energy(ME), short chain fatty acid concentrations(SCFA), and microbial crude protein production(MCP) were also estimated. Results indicated that there was a SB?EZ interaction(P<0.0001) for the asymptotic gas production(b), the rate of gas production(c), GP from 6 to 72 h, GP2(P=0.0095), and GP4(P=0.02). The SB and different combination of enzymes supplementation influenced(P<0.001) in vitro GP parameters after 12 h of incubation; the highest doses of SB(i.e., 1.8 m L g–1 DM), in the absence of any EZ, quadratically increased(P<0.05) the initial delay before GP begins(L) and GP at different incubation times, with lowering b(quadratic effect, P<0.0001) and c(quadratic effect, P<0.0001; linear effect, P=0.0018). The GP was the lowest(P<0.05) when the highest SB level was combined with cellulose. There were SB?EZ interactions(P<0.001) for OMD, ME, the partitioning factor at 72 h of incubation(PF72), GY24, SCFA, MCP(P=0.0143), and p H(P=0.0008). The OMD, ME, GY24 and SCFA with supp lementation of SB extract at 1.8 m L g–1 DM were higher(P<0.001) than the other treatments, however,PF72 was lower(quadratic effect, P=0.0194) than the other levels. Both C and X had no effect(P>0.05) on OMD, p H, ME, GY24, SCFA and MP. The combination of SB with EZ increased(P<0.001) OMD, ME, SCFA, PF72 and GP24, whereas there was no impact on p H. It could be concluded that addition of SB extract, C, and X effectively improved the in vitro rumen fermentation, and the combination of enzyme with SB extract at the level of 1.2 m L g–1 was more effective than the other treatments. | Abdelfattah Z M Salem German Buendía-Rodríguez Mona M M Elghandour María A Mariezcurrena Berasain Francisco J Pea Jiménez Alberto B Pliego Juan C V Chagoyán María A Cerrillo Miguel A Rodríguez | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，1： | 4 |
| 3 | The biological effect of the electrical field treatment on the potato seed:agro- nomic evaluation显示文摘 | Radu C Victor D Mona P | 2005 | Journal of Electrostatics2005，63，： | 1 |
| 4 | The biological effect ofthe electrical field treatment on the potatoseed:agronomic evaluation显示文摘 | Radu C Victor D Mona P | 2005 | Journal of Electrostatics2005，63，610： | 1 |
| 5 | Liquid chromatography/ electr ospray tandem mass spectrometric analysis of incurred ractopamine residues in livestoch tissues 显示文摘 | Mona I Churchwell C Lee Holder | 2002 | Rapid Communications in mass spectrometry2002，16，： | 1 |
| 6 | Active oxygen species in plant defense against pathogens显示文摘 | Mona C M | 1994 | Plant Physiology1994，105，： | 1 |
| 7 | The biological effect of the electrical field treatment on the potato seed: agronomic evaluation 显示文摘 | Radu C Victor D Mona P Bugdan C | 2005 | Journal of Electrostatics2005，63，： | 1 |
| 8 | Different expression of defense- related genes in arbuscular mycorrhiza显示文摘 | Marcio R Lambais Mona C M | 1995 | Can J Bot1995，73，： | 1 |
| 9 | The biological effect of the electrical field treatment on the potato seed: agronomic evaluation 显示文摘 | RADU C VICTOR D MONA P etal | 2005 | Journal of Electrostatics2005，63，610： | 1 |
| 10 | Molecular basis and clinical application of biological markers of bone turnover显示文摘 | Mona S Calvo C David R | 1996 | Endocrine Reviews1996，17，： | 1 |
| 11 | Evolutionary history and global spread of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing lineage显示文摘 | MERKER M BUN C MONA S | 2015 | Nat Genet2015，47，3： | 1 |
| 12 | The X-linked lymphoproliferative- disease gene product SAP regulates signals induced through the co- receptor SLAM显示文摘 | Sayos J Wu C Mona M | 1998 | Nature1998，395，46： | 1 |
| 13 | Procalcitonin and C-reac- tive protein in hospitalized adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia or exacerbation of asthma or COPD 显示文摘 | Mona B Tristan W C Carlene R | 2011 | Chest2011，139，6： | 1 |
| 14 | What is Beautiful Is Good? But? a Meta-analytic Review of Research on the Physical Attractiveness Stereo Type 显示文摘 | Richard D H Ashmore Mona G Makhijani Laura C | 1991 | Psychological Bulletin1991，，1： | 1 |
| 15 | tomato DC3000 显示文摘 | BUELL C R JOARDAR V LINDEBERG M et aL The complete genome sequence of the Arabidopsis and tomato pathogen Pseudo- monas syringae pv | 2003 | Proceedings of the Nation- al Academy of Sciences2003，100，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Increased yields and simplified purification with a second-generation cobah catalyst for the oxidative formation of trans-THF rings 显示文摘 | Palmer C Mona N A Stevens A C | 2009 | Org Lett2009，11，24： | 1 |
| 17 | Quantification of soy isoflavones,genistein and daidzein,and conjugates in rat blood using LCIES-MS显示文摘 | Holder C lee Churchwell Mona I Daniel R Doerge | 1999 | Agric Food Chem1999，47，： | 1 |
| 18 | A palaeoecological perspective for the conservation and restoration of wetland plant communities in the central French Alps, with particular emphasis on alder carr vegetation显示文摘 | Serge D. Muller Cécile Miramont Hélène Bruneton Matthieu Carré Matteo Sottocornola Mona Court-Picon Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu Takeshi Nakagawa Patrick Schevin | 2011 | Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology2011，，： | 1 |
| 19 | The biological effect of the electrical field treatment on the potato seed:agronomic evalua- tion 显示文摘 | Radu C Victor D Mona P | 2005 | Journal of Electrostatics2005，63，： | 1 |
| 20 | A population based study of age and gender difference in patterns of health related behaviors显示文摘 | Wenchi Liang Mona C Shediac Rizkallah David D Celentano | 1999 | Am J Prev Med1999，17，： | 1 |
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