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| 1 | Mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma progression显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with a very poor prognosis. In the United States, there has been only minimal improvement in the prognosis for HCC patients over the past 15 years. Details of the molecular mechanisms and other mechanisms of HCC progression remain unclear. Consequently, there is an urgent need for better understanding of these mechanisms. HCC is often diagnosed at advanced stages, and most patients will therefore need systemic therapy, with sorafenib being the most common at the present time. However, sorafenib therapy only minimally enhances patient survival. This review provides a summary of some of the known mechanisms that either cause HCC or contribute to its progression. Included in this review are the roles of viral hepatitis, non-viral hepatitis, chronic alcohol intake, genetic predisposition and congenital abnormalities, toxic exposures, and autoimmune diseases of the liver. Well-established molecular mechanisms of HCC progression such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor-stromal interactions and the tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cells, and senescence bypass are also discussed. Additionally, we discuss the roles of circulating tumor cells,immunomodulation, and neural regulation as potential new mechanisms of HCC progression. A better understanding of these mechanisms could have implications for the development of novel and more effective therapeutic and prognostic strategies, which are critically needed. | Olorunseun O Ogunwobi Trisheena Harricharran Jeannette Huaman Anna Galuza Oluwatoyin Odumuwagun Yin Tan Grace X Ma Minhhuyen T Nguyen | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，19： | 21 |
| 2 | Gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy: Current status and future directions显示文摘Gastroparesis, or symptomatic delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction, is a challenging and increasingly identified syndrome. Medical options are limited and the only medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of gastroparesis is metoclopramide, although other agents are frequently used off label. With this caveat, first-line treatments for gastroparesis include dietary modifications, antiemetics and promotility agents, although these therapies are limited by suboptimal efficacy and significant medication side effects. Treatment of patients that fail first-line treatments represents a significant therapeutic challenge. Recent advances in endoscopic techniques have led to the development of a promising novel endoscopic therapy for gastroparesis via endoscopic pyloromyotomy, also referred to as gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy or per-oral endoscopic pyloromyotomy. The aim of this article is to review the technical aspects of the per-oral endoscopic myotomy procedure for the treatment of gastroparesis, provide an overview of the currently published literature, and outline potential next directions for the field. | Alexander Podboy Joo Ha Hwang Linda A Nguyen Patricia Garcia Thomas A Zikos Afrin Kamal George Triadafilopoulos John O Clarke | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，21： | 3 |
| 3 | Bleeding risk with clopidogrel and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy显示文摘AIM To compare bleeding within 48 h in patients undergoing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) with or without clopidogrel.METHODS After institutional review board approval, a retrospective study involving a single center was conducted on adult patients having PEG(1/08-1/14). Patients were divided into two groups: Clopidogrel group consisting of those patients taking clopidogrel within 5 d of PEG and the non-clopidogrel group including those patients not taking clopidogrel within 5 d of the PEG.RESULTS Three hundred and nineteen PEG patients were found. One hundred and sixty-eight males and 151 females with mean body mass index 28.47 ± 9.75 kg/m2 and mean age 65.03 ± 16.11 years were identified. Thirtythree patients were on clopidogrel prior to PEG with 286 patients not on clopidogrel. No patients in either group developed hematochezia, melena, or hematemesiswithin 48 h of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG). No statistical differences were observed between the two groups with 48 h for hemoglobin decrease of > 2 g/dL(2 vs 5 patients; P = 0.16), blood transfusions(2 vs 7 patients; P = 0.24), and repeat endoscopy for possible gastrointestinal bleeding(no patients in either group). CONCLUSION Based on the results, no significant post-procedure bleeding was observed in patients undergoing PEG with recent use of clopidogrel. | Umair Sohail Chela Harleen Amin O Mahdi Murtaza Arif Douglas L Nguyen Matthew L Bechtold | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016，8，16： | 2 |
| 4 | Method of delivery and pregnancy outcomes in Asia: the WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health 2007–08显示文摘 | Pisake Lumbiganon Malinee Laopaiboon A Metin Gülmezoglu Jo?o Paulo Souza Surasak Taneepanichskul Pang Ruyan Deepika Eranjanie Attygalle Naveen Shrestha Rintaro Mori Nguyen Duc Hinh Hoang Thi Bang Tung Rathavy Kang Chuyun Kannitha Cheang Mario Festin Venus | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9713： | 2 |
| 5 | lntrathecal HIV- 1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 induces enhanced pain states mediated by spinal cord proinflammatory cytokines 显示文摘 | Milligan E D O'Connor K A Nguyen K T | 2001 | J Neurosci2001，21，8： | 1 |
| 6 | Tyndallometry with the laser flare cell meter in intraocular in flammation 显示文摘 | Kuchle M Nguyen N X Naumann G O | 1994 | Ophthalmologe1994，91，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Synthetic mammalian prions显示文摘 | Legname G Baskakov I V Nguyen H O | 2004 | Science2004，305，5684： | 1 |
| 8 | A fault ride-through technique of DFIG wind turbine systems using dynamic voltage restorers 显示文摘 | Ibrahim A O Nguyen T H Lee Dong-Choon | 2011 | IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion2011，26，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Targeting CXCR4 with cell-penetrating pepducins in lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemia显示文摘 | O' Callaghan K Lee L Nguyen N | 2012 | Blood2012，119，7： | 1 |
| 10 | Coaxial Electros- pun Poly (Lactic Acid)/Chitosan (Core/Shell) Composite Nanofibers and Their Antibacterial Activity显示文摘 | NGUYEN T T T CHUNG O H PARK J S | 2011 | Carbohydrate Polymers2011，86，： | 1 |
| 11 | Pervaporation of aqueous ester solutions through hydrophobic poly(ether- block- amide) copolymer membranes显示文摘 | Djebbar M K Nguyen O T Clement R | 1998 | J Membr Sci1998，146，1： | 1 |
| 12 | The regular Fourier matrices and nonuniform fast Fourier transforms显示文摘 | Nguyen N Liu O | 1999 | SIAM J Sci Comput1999，21，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Next generation networks显示文摘 | NGUYEN T H SADIKU M N O | 2002 | IEEE Potentials2002，21，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Graphene oxide,highly reduced grapheme oxide,and grahene:versatile building blocks for carbon-based materials显示文摘 | COMPOTON O G NGUYEN S T | 2010 | Small2010，16，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Cone photoreceptors in bass retina use two connexins to mediate electrical coupling显示文摘 | O'Brien J Nguyen HB Mills SL | 2004 | J Neurosci2004，24，24： | 1 |
| 16 | Fissures related to post-drying treatments in rough rice显示文摘 | NGUYEN C N KUNZE O R | 1984 | Cereal Chemistry1984，61，3： | 1 |
| 17 | A fault ride- through technique of DFIG wind turbine systems using dynamic voltage restorers 显示文摘 | IBRAHIM A O NGUYEN T H LEE D C | 2011 | IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion2011，26，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Botulinum toxin A with fissurectomy is aviable alternative to lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure显示文摘 | Aivaz O Rayhanabad J Nguyen V | 2009 | Am Surg2009，75，： | 1 |
| 19 | Pervaporation -esterification coupling ( Ⅰ ) Basic kinetic model; (Ⅱ) Modeling of the influence of the operating parameters显示文摘 | Gref R Nguyen T O | 1991 | Chem Eng Res Des1991，69，： | 1 |
| 20 | Commutators of PAR-1 signaling in cancer cell invasion reveal an essential role of the Rho-Rho kinase axis and tumor microenvironment显示文摘 | Nguyen QD De Wever O Bruyneel E | 2005 | Oncogene2005，24，56： | 1 |
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