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| 1 | 2019新型冠状病毒基因组特征和流行病学:病毒起源和受体结合的意义显示文摘研究者对来自9例新型冠状病毒肺炎住院患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液样本和培养的分离株进行了下一代测序。从这些个体中获得了严重急性呼吸综合征-冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)的完整和部分基因组序列。利用Sanger测序连接病毒重叠群以获得全长基因组,cDNA末端快速扩增确定终端区。对这些SARSCoV-2基因组和其他冠状病毒基因组进行了系统进化分析,以确定该病毒的进化史并有助于推断其可能的起源。 | 刘青(译) 刘莉(审校) Lu R Zhao X Li J Niu P Yang B Wu H Wang W Song H Huang B Zhu N Bi Y Ma X Zhan F Wang L Hu T Zhou H Hu Z Zhou W Zhao L Chen J Meng Y Wang J Lin Y Yuan J Xie Z Ma J Liu WJ Wang D Xu W Holmes EC Gao GF Wu G Chen W Shi W Tan W | 2020 | 中华高血压杂志2020，28，3： | 516 |
| 2 | 帕博利珠单抗单用或与放疗联用治疗转移性非小细胞肺癌:两个随机试验的汇总分析显示文摘背景放疗可以提高整个机体对免疫治疗的应答。在Ⅱ期PEMBRO-RT研究和Ⅰ/Ⅱ期MDACC研究中,患有转移性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的患者被随机分配入组,接受免疫治疗(帕博利珠单抗)+放疗联合疗法,或免疫治疗单一疗法。当上述2个研究单独分析时,联合疗法组显示出潜在获益。由于每个研究的样本量较小,缓解率和结局并未显示出统计学意义,然而却有显著的临床获益。因此,本研究进行汇总分析,来判断放疗是否会改善转移性NSCLC患者的免疫治疗应答。方法PEMBRO-RT和MDACC研究纳入标准:患者年龄≥18岁,患有转移性NSCLC,且有≥1处未经放疗照射的病灶,以便进行射野外应答监测。PEMBRO-RT研究纳入曾接受过化疗患者,MDACC研究纳入曾接受过治疗或新诊断患者。2个研究中的患者均未接受过免疫治疗。在PEMBRO-RT研究中患者被等比例随机分配入组,并根据吸烟状态进行分层(分为<10年组和≥10年组)。MDACC研究的患者根据放疗计划可行性被等比例随机分配入2个受试组。由于联合治疗组的干预本质,每个研究中的放疗均不适用盲法。在2个研究中,不论是否进行放疗,均静脉滴入帕博利珠单抗(每3周200 mg)。在PEMBRO-RT研究中,在放疗(24 Gy 3次分割照射)结束后1周给予第1剂帕博利珠单抗。在MDACC研究中,在第1次放疗(50 Gy 4次分割照射或45 Gy 15次分割照射)同时给予帕博利珠单抗。仅检测未经照射病灶的应答。本研究的终点为最佳射野外(远隔)应答率(ARR)、最佳射野外疾病控制率(ACR)、12周时ARR、12周时ACR、无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)。2个研究的意向治疗(ITT)人群均纳入分析。PEMBRO-RT研究(NCT02492568)和MDACC研究(NCT02444741)均在ClinicalTrials.gov上注册。发现纳入148例患者,76例接受帕博利珠单抗治疗,72例接受帕博利珠单抗+放疗治疗。所有患者随访时间中位数为33个月[四分位距(IQR):32.4~33.6]。148例患者中124例(84%)组织学特征为非鳞癌,111例(75%)患者曾经接受过化疗。组间没有基线特征差异,包括PD-L1表达状态和转移灶体积。最常见的照射部位为肺转移灶(39%,28/72)、胸腔内淋巴结(21%,15/72)和非原发灶(17%,12/72)。帕博利珠单抗组和联合治疗组的最佳ARR分别为19.7%(15/76)和41.7%(30/72),OR=2.96,95%CI:1.42~6.20,P=0.0039;最佳ACR分别为43.4%(33/76)和65.3%(47/72),OR=2.51,95%CI:1.28~4.91,P=0.0071;PFS中位数分别为4.4(IQR:2.9~5.9)和9.0个月(IQR:6.8~11.2),HR=0.67,95%CI:0.45~0.99,P=0.045;OS中位数分别为8.7(IQR:6.4~11.0)和19.2个月(IQR:14.6~23.8),OR=0.67,95%CI:0.54~0.84,P=0.0004。在汇总分析中没有发现新的安全问题。解读帕博利珠单抗免疫疗法+放疗显著提高转移性NSCLC患者的应答和改善治疗结局。这些结果需要在三期临床试验中进行验证。 | 陈大卫(翻译) 于金明(校对) Willemijn S M E Theelen Vivek Verma Brian P Hobbs Heike M U Peulen Joachim G J V Aerts Idris Bahce Anna Larissa N Niemeijer Joe Y Chang Patricia M de Groot Quynh-Nhu Nguyen Nathan I Comeaux George R Simon Ferdinandos Skoulidis Steven H Lin Kewen He Roshal Patel John Heymach Paul Baas James W Welsh | 2021 | 中华肿瘤防治杂志2021，28，24： | 49 |
| 3 | 用RFLP方法研究陕西省主要小麦品种遗传多样性及其演变显示文摘研究用RFLP方法,对我国主要小麦产区,陕西省40年代以来广为种植的小麦品种的遗传多样性进行了研究,结果表明,占总带数26.2%的HINDII酶的RFLP带具有遗传多态性。24个小麦品种平均遗传相似系数为0.948。53.8%的探针显示了多态性。平均多态性信息含量指数为0.252。陕西省小麦品种遗传多样性以70年代为最高,之后开始降低。 | 朱列层 唐国顺 HAZEN S P KIM H S WARD R W | 1999 | 西北植物学报1999，19，2： | 11 |
| 4 | Operative complications and economic outcomes of cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis显示文摘BACKGROUND Recent management of acute cholecystitis favors same admission(SA)or emergent cholecystectomy based on overall shorter hospital stay and therefore cost savings.We adopted the practice of SA cholecystectomy for the treatment of acute cholecystitis at our tertiary care center and wanted to evaluate the economic benefit of this practice.We hypothesized that the existence of complications,particularly among patients with a higher degree of disease severity,during SA cholecystectomy could negate the cost savings.AIM To compare complication rates and hospital costs between SA vs delayed cholecystectomy among patients admitted emergently for acute cholecystitis.METHODS Under an IRB-approved protocol,complications and charges for were obtained for SA,later after conservative management(Delayed),or elective cholecystectomies over an 8.5-year period.Patients were identified using the acute care surgery registry and billing database.Data was retrieved via EMR,operative logs,and Revenue Cycle Operations.The severity of acute cholecystitis was graded according to the Tokyo Guidelines.TG18 categorizes acute cholecystitis by Grades 1,2,and 3 representing mild,moderate,and severe,respectively.Comparisons were analyzed withχ2,Fisher’s exact test,ANOVA,ttests,and logistic regression;significance was set at P<0.05.RESULTS Four hundred eighty-six(87.7%)underwent a SA while 68 patients(12.3%)received Delayed cholecystectomy.Complication rates were increased after SA compared to Delayed cholecystectomy(18.5%vs 4.4%,P=0.004).The complication rates of patients undergoing delayed cholecystectomy was similar to the rate for elective cholecystectomy(7.4%,P=0.35).Mortality rates were 0.6%vs 0%for SA vs Delayed.Patients with moderate disease(Tokyo 2)suffered more complications among SA while none who were delayed experienced a complication(16.1%vs 0.0%,P<0.001).Total hospital charges for SA cholecystectomy were increased compared to a Delayed approach($44500±$59000 vs$35300±$16700,P=0.019).The relative risk of developing a complication was 4.2x[95%confidence interval(CI):1.4-12.9]in the SA vs Delayed groups.Among eight patients(95%CI:5.0-12.3)with acute cholecystitis undergoing SA cholecystectomy,one patient will suffer a complication.CONCLUSION Patients with Tokyo Grade 2 acute cholecystitis had more complications and increased hospital charges when undergoing SA cholecystectomy.This data supports a selective approach to SA cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. | Christopher P Rice Krishnamurthy B Vaishnavi Celia Chao Daniel Jupiter August B Schaeffer Whitney R Jenson Lance W Griffin William J Mileski | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，48： | 8 |
| 5 | 美白牙膏去除牙外源性色斑的八周效果观察显示文摘目的 :评价含有 1%焦磷酸钠、7%三聚硫酸钠、0 .2 4 3 %氟化钠及 10 %高清洁二氧化硅的牙膏减少外源性牙色斑的效果。方法 :采用双盲、分层、二单位平行观察的临床研究方法。根据改良 L obene色斑指数 (L obene stain in-dex m ethod)均数、性别、吸烟习惯将 91名年龄为 18~ 5 5岁的研究对象平衡地分为两组 ,随机地分配使用试验或对照牙膏。于基线、第 4周及第 8周固定由一名检查者完成研究对象的色斑指数测定。结果 :86人完成了该研究。8周临床研究表明 ,使用美白牙膏的研究对象较对照组的牙齿色斑指数均数降低了 3 7.1% (P=0 .0 0 0 1)。结论 :与对照组牙膏相比 ,使用含有 1%焦磷酸钠、7%三聚硫酸钠、0 .2 4 3 %氟化钠及 10 %高清洁二氧化硅的牙膏可以有效地减少牙外源性色斑。 | 胡德渝 庞若愚 佘晓晴 雷德伦 Volpe A R DeVizio W Petrone M E Zhang Y P Chaknis P Miller S Miller J | 1999 | 华西口腔医学杂志1999，17，3： | 7 |
| 6 | Osteoprotegerin: A Novel Secreted Protein Involved in the Regulation of Bone Density显示文摘 | W.S Simonet D.L Lacey C.R Dunstan M Kelley M.-S Chang R Lüthy H.Q Nguyen S Wooden L Bennett T Boone G Shimamoto M DeRose R Elliott A Colombero H.-L Tan G Trail J Sullivan E Davy N Bucay L Renshaw-Gegg T.M Hughes D Hill W Pattison P Campbell S Sander G Van | 1997 | Cell1997，，2： | 6 |
| 7 | 膏体尾矿排放技术显示文摘如果一种工艺废弃物含粒度小于20μm的颗粒有足够高的百分数,它的运输和堆置就可能有一些重要的方案。当制成高水分混合物时,废弃物料(如泥浆)虽便于经过管道运输,但在地下环境中对结构支撑的适应性差。其液体部分在排卸地点还会引出技术的和环境的不利后果。如果这样的浆体的水分降低到此混合物能保持可泵送点,又不发生偏析,则膏状废弃物的诸特性决定其使用功能。因为对保持管道中临界流速没有要求(像浆体的情况那样),膏状尾矿可用粘结物有效地加以改良,以便增加其结构强度或地质化学特性,从而为在地下环境中对采用传统的岩石充填或水砂充填提供可靠的选择方案。 | W辛西拉 D兰德里欧尔特 P纽曼 R维尔伯格 宋彦琦 张光烈 | 1999 | 国外金属矿山1999，24，1： | 5 |
| 8 | 多糖和寡糖的体外发酵特性及其对鸡盲肠微生物菌群的影响显示文摘本研究采用体外累积发酵产气法和16SrDNA指纹图谱鉴定技术研究了来自香菇、银耳和黄芪的天然免疫活性多糖(LenE,TreE和AstE)及酵母胞壁甘露寡糖(MOS)对鸡肠道微生物菌群及其发酵特性的影响。结果表明,三种多糖提取物的总糖含量均占干物质的60%以上,而MOS总糖含量在90%以上。多糖和寡糖具有不同的发酵模式;MOS、AstE和LenE三种糖的发酵模式相似,呈一阶段发酵模式;TreE呈两阶段的发酵模式。三种糖中,MOS和AstE发酵速度较TreE快。MOS和AstE在发酵后总VFA产量最高,pH最低;黄芪多糖发酵后产生较多的直链脂肪酸和较低的氨。这些多糖和寡糖提取物影响肠道微生物的活性和组成成分,体现在发酵模式和发酵终产物的显著改变上。以上研究结果表明,来自香菇、银耳和黄芪的天然免疫活性多糖(LenE,TreE和AstE)及酵母胞壁甘露寡糖(MOS)在体外发酵后,均具有显著改变鸡盲肠微生物发酵终产物的含量和盲肠微生物活性的作用。 | 李万坤 郭福存 赵兴绪 Williams B A Kwakkel R P Verstegen M W A | 2007 | 动物营养学报2007，19，3： | 5 |
| 9 | Parvovirus B19 induced hepatic failure in an adult requiring liver transplantation显示文摘Parvovirus B19 induced acute hepatitis and hepatic failure have been previously reported, mainly in children. Very few cases of parvovirus induced hepatic failure have been reported in adults and fewer still have required liver transplantation. We report the case of a 55-year-old immunocompetent woman who developed fulminant hepatic failure after acute infection with Parvovirus B19 who subsequently underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. This is believed to be the first reported case in the literature in which an adult patient with fulminant hepatic failure associated with acute parvovirus B19 infection and without hematologic abnormalities has been identified prior to undergoing liver transplantation. This case suggests that Parvovirus B19 induced liver disease can affect adults, can occur in the absence of hematologic abnormalities and can be severe enough to require liver transplantation. | Darin S Krygier Urs P Steinbrecher Martin Petric Siegfried R Erb Stephen W Chung Charles H Scudamore Andrzej K Buczkowski Eric M Yoshida | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，32： | 3 |
| 10 | Efficacy and safety profile of gemcitabine in non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase Ⅱ study显示文摘 | Abratt R P Bezwoda W R Falkson G | 1994 | J Clin Oncol1994，12，8： | 3 |
| 11 | Kinetics of CO2 with primary and secondary amines in aqueous solutions显示文摘 | Little R J Versteeg G F Van Swaaij W P M | 1992 | Chem Eng Sci1992，47，： | 3 |
| 12 | Reproducibility of the diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett esophagus: A reaffirmation显示文摘 | Elizabeth Montgomery Mary P Bronner John R Goldblum Joel K Greenson Marian M Haber John Hart Laura W Lamps Gregory Y Lauwers Audrey J Lazenby David N Lewin Marie E Robert Alicia Y Toledano Yu Shyr Kay Washington | 2001 | Human Pathology2001，，4： | 3 |
| 13 | Coxsackievirus mutants that can bypass host factor PI4KIIIβ and the need for high levels of PI4P lipids for replication显示文摘 | Hilde M van der Schaar Lonneke van der Linden Kjerstin H W Lanke Jeroen R P M Strating Gerhard Purstinger Erik de Vries Cornelis A M de Haan Johan Neyts Frank J M van Kuppeveld | 2012 | Cell Research2012，22，11： | 3 |
| 14 | Multi-slice Technology in computered tomography显示文摘 | Dawson P Lees W R | 2001 | Clini Radiol2001，56，4： | 2 |
| 15 | Lime roasting of pyrite显示文摘 | Taylor P R Yin Z B Barrtlet R W | 1990 | Gold1990，6，： | 2 |
| 16 | Molecular cloning of complementary DNA to Newcastle disease virus,and nucleotide sequence analysis of the junction between the genes encoding the haemagglutinin-neuramnidase and the large protein显示文摘 | Chambers P Millar N S Bingham R W | | Journal of0，，： | 2 |
| 17 | Transposon mouse models to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of hepatitis B viral induced hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘The major type of human liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), and there are currently many risk factors that contribute to this deadly disease. The majority of HCC occurrences are associated with chronic hepatitis viral infection, and hepatitis B viral(HBV) infection is currently a major health problem in Eastern Asia. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms associated with HBV-induced HCC has been difficult due to the heterogeneity and genetic complexity associated with this disease. A repertoire of animal models has been broadly used to study the pathophysiology and to develop potential treatment regimens for HBVassociated HCC. The use of these animal models has provided valuable genetic information and has been an important contributor to uncovering the factors involved in liver malignant transformation, invasion and metastasis. Recently, transposon-based mouse models are becoming more widely used in liver cancer research to interrogate the genome by forward genetics and also used to validate genes rapidly in a reverse genetic manner. Importantly, these transposon-based rapid reverse genetic mouse models could become crucial in testing potential therapeutic agents before proceeding to clinical trials in human. Therefore, this review will cover the use of transposon-based mouse models toaddress the problems of liver cancer, especially HBVassociated HCC occurrences in Asia. | Amy P Chiu Barbara R Tschida Lilian H Lo Branden S Moriarity Dewi K Rowlands David A Largaespada Vincent W Keng | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，42： | 2 |
| 18 | 澳大利亚MSA体系:通过食用品质评价牛肉品质显示文摘<正>澳大利亚肉类标准(MSA)是一个质量管理体系,旨在为消费者提供牛肉食用品质的准确描述。MSA分级系统中,消费者品尝的感官效果被用来描述牛肉的可口性。简单来讲,未经培训的消费者采用0~100直线标度的方法对牛肉样品的嫩度、多汁性、风味和总体接受度进行测试打分,包括下列语言叙述:不满意等级(无评分级)、普通级(或3星级)、良好级(或4星级)、优级(或5星级)。然后对4个感官指标通过权重换算。 | Pethick D W olkinghorne R P Thompson J M 吴鑫 | 2015 | 中国畜牧杂志2015，51，S1： | 2 |
| 19 | Rume acid: a proposed common name for the major conjugated linoleic acid isomer food in nature products显示文摘 | Kramer J K G Parodi P W Tensen R G | 1998 | Lipids1998，33，8： | 2 |
| 20 | The effect of the stre ngth properties of wool staples on worsted processing,Part Ⅰ:The level of staple strength 显示文摘 | Rottenbury R A Andrews M W Bell P J M | 1986 | J Text Inst1986，，77： | 2 |
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