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| 1 | A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns显示文摘发展史长通知了蕨类植物分类。当我们推断进化的树的能力改善了,针对认出生来的组的分类变得逐渐地预兆、稳定。这里,我们为 lycophytes 和蕨纲植物提供一个现代、全面分类,在下面,利用一条基于社区的途径类水平。我们 monophyly 用作主要标准让 taxa,而且目的识别保存两个广泛地被接受的存在 taxa 和界限并且与我们蕨类植物发展史的理解一致。总共,这个分类对待一在 337 个类, 51 个家庭, 14 目,和二个班估计了 11 916 种类。这个分类没在 lycophyte 和蕨纲植物上作为最后的词被打算分类,而是当前的假设的概括陈述,源于最好的可得到的数据并且在问题由熟悉植物的那些大多数塑造了。我们希望它将在蕨类植物上为最近的文学的那些想要的参考用作一个资源发展史和分类,为指导未来调查的一个框架,和推进讲话的刺激。 | Eric Schuettpelz Harald Schneider Alan R. Smith Peter Hovenkamp Jefferson Prado Germinal Rouhan Alexandre Salino Michael Sundue Thafs Elias Almeida Barbara Parris Emily B. Sessa Ashley R. Field Andre Luis de Gasper Carl J. Rothfels Michael D. Windham Marcus Lehnert Benjamin Dauphin Atsushi Ebihara Samuli Lehtonen Pedro Bond Schwartsburd Jordan Metzgar Li-Bing Zhang Li-Yaung Kuo Patrick J. Brownsey Masahiro Kato Marcelo Daniel Arana Francine C. Assis Michael S. Barker David S. Barrington Ho-Ming Chang Yi-Han Chang Yi-Shan Chao Cheng-Wei Chen De-Kui Chen Wen-Liang Chiou Vinicius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich Yi-Fan Duan Jean-Yves Dubuisson Donald R. Farrar Susan Fawcett Jose Maria Gabriel y Galan Luiz Armando de Araujo Goes-Neto Jason R. Grant Amanda L. Grusz Christopher Haufler Warren Hauk Hai He Sabine Hennequin Regina Yoshie Hirai Layne Huiet Michael Kessler Petra Korall Paulo H. Labiak Anders Larsson Blanca Leen Chun-Xiang Li Fay-Wei Li Melanie Link-Perez Hong-Mei Liu Ngan Thi Lu Esteban I. Meza-Torres Xin-Yuan Miao Robbin Moran Claudine Massi Mynssens Nathalie Nagalingum Benjamin Ollgaard Alison M. Paul Jovani B. de S. Pereira Leon R. Perrie Monica Ponce Tom A. Ranker Christian Schulz Wataru Shinohara Alexander Shmakov Erin M. Sigel Filipe Soares de Souza Lana da Silva Sylvestre Weston Testo Luz Amparo Triana-Moreno Chie Tsutsumi Hanna Tuomisto IvAn A. Valdespino Alejandra Vasco Raquel Stauffer Viveros Alan Weakley Ran Wei Stina Weststrand Paul G. Wolf George Yatskievych Xiao-Gang Xu Yue-Hong Yan Liang Zhang Xian-Chun Zhang Xin-Mao Zhou | 2016 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2016，54，6： | 44 |
| 2 | Vacuum interrupter,high reliability component of distribution switches,circuit breakers and contactors显示文摘The use of vacuum interrupters(VIs)as the current interruption component for switches,circuit breakers,reclosers and contactors operating at distribution voltages has escalated since their introduction in the mid-1950’s.This electrical product has developed a dominating position for switching and protecting distribution circuits.VIs are even being introduced into switching products operating at transmission voltages.Among the reasons for the VI’s popularity are its compactness,its range of application,its low cost,its superb electrical and mechanical life and its ease of application.Its major advantage is its well-established reliability.In this paper we show how this reliability has been achieved by design,by mechanical life testing and by electrical performance testing.We introduce the“sealed for life”concept for the VI’s integrity.We discuss this in terms of what is meant by a practical leak rate for VIs with a life of over 30 years.We show that a simple high voltage withstand test is an easy and effective method for monitoring the long-term vacuum integrity.Finally we evaluate the need for routine inspection of this electrical product when it is used in adverse ambient environments. | SLADE Paul G. MAYO Stephen SMITH R.Kirkland TAYLOR Erik D. | 2007 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)2007，8，3： | 4 |
| 3 | Pushing the boundaries of diode-pumped solid-state lasers for high-energy applications显示文摘We report on the successful demonstration of a 150 J nanosecond pulsed cryogenic gas cooled,diode-pumped multi-slab Yb:YAG laser operating at 1 Hz.To the best of our knowledge,this is the highest energy ever recorded for a diodepumped laser system. | Saumyabrata Banerjee Paul Mason Jonathan Phillips Jodie Smith Thomas Butcher Jacob Spear Mariastefania De Vido Gary Quinn Danielle Clarke Klaus Ertel Cristina Hernez-Gomez Chris Edwards John Collier | 2020 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2020，8，2： | 4 |
| 4 | 甲醛固定石蜡包埋组织中DNA的降解情况显示文摘 | 田子强 刘俊峰 王贵英 Eric Smith Paul Drew David Watson Glyn G Jamieson | 2004 | 中华病理学杂志2004，33，3： | 4 |
| 5 | 生存分析统计技术在结核病患者治疗依从性评价中的应用显示文摘目的提出一种基于生存分析统计技术的结核病患者治疗依从性的评价方法。方法将退出疗程作为所关心的结局事件,将从登记治疗开始到退出疗程的时间作为坚持治疗时间,利用生存分析统计技术估计坚持治疗率和中位坚持治疗时间以评价结核病患者的治疗依从性。结果将本文所提方法应用于重庆市某区结核病患者治疗管理数据的结果显示:所提方法可以对包括未完成疗程患者在内的结核病患者的治疗依从性进行评价,并同时调整治疗失败、迁出、死亡对评价结果的影响。初治患者5月末的坚持治疗率为0.7406,复治患者7月末的坚持治疗率接近0。初、复治患者的中位坚持治疗时间分别为1.97个月和1.03个月。结论本文所提方法是一种更合理的结核病患者治疗依从性的评价方法,对现行的结核病管理工作具有实际意义。 | 汪涛 胡代玉 陈静 刘晓云 Paul Garner Helen Smith 汪洋 | 2006 | 复旦学报(医学版)2006，33，2： | 4 |
| 6 | Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary malignancy of the liver. It usually occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease and has a poor prognosis if untreated. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is a suitable therapeutic option for early,unresectable HCC particularly in the setting of chronic liver disease. Following on from disappointing initial results,the seminal study by Mazzaferro et al in 1996 established OLT as a viable treatment for HCC. In this study,the 'Milan criteria' were applied achieving a 4-year survival rate similar to OLT for benign disease. Since then various groups have attempted to expand these criteria whilst maintaining long term survival rates. The technique of living donor liver transplantation has evolved over the past decade,particularly in Asia,and published outcome data is comparable to that of OLT. This article will review the evidence,indications,and the future direction of liver transplantation for liver cancer. | Sudeep Tanwar Shahid A Khan Vijay Paul Bob Grover Catherine Gwilt Belinda Smith Ashley Brown | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，44： | 4 |
| 7 | Development of a 100 J,10 Hz laser for compression experiments at the High Energy Density instrument at the European XFEL显示文摘In this paper we review the design and development of a 100 J, 10 Hz nanosecond pulsed laser, codenamed DiPOLE100 X,being built at the Central Laser Facility(CLF). This 1 kW average power diode-pumped solid-state laser(DPSSL) is based on a master oscillator power amplifier(MOPA) design, which includes two cryogenic gas cooled amplifier stages based on DiPOLE multi-slab ceramic Yb:YAG amplifier technology developed at the CLF. The laser will produce pulses between 2 and 15 ns in duration with precise, arbitrarily selectable shapes, at pulse repetition rates up to 10 Hz, allowing real-time shape optimization for compression experiments. Once completed, the laser will be delivered to the European X-ray Free Electron Laser(XFEL) facility in Germany as a UK-funded contribution in kind, where it will be used to study extreme states of matter at the High Energy Density(HED) instrument. | Paul Mason Saumyabrata Banerjee Jodie Smith Thomas Butcher Jonathan Phillips Hauke Hoppner Dominik Moller Klaus Ertel Mariastefania De Vido Ian Hollingham ANDrew Norton Stephanie Tomlinson Tinesimba Zata Jorge Suarez Merchan Chris Hooker Mike Tyldesley Toma Toncian Cristina HernANDez-Gomez Chris Edwards John Collier | 2018 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2018，6，4： | 4 |
| 8 | Muscle force and movement variability before and after total knee arthroplasty: A review显示文摘Variability in muscle force output and movement variability are important aspects of identifying individuals with mobility deficits, central nervous system impairments, and future risk of falling. This has been investigated in elderly healthy and impaired adults, as well as in adults with osteoarthritis(OA), but the question of whether the same correlations also apply to those who have undergone a surgical intervention such as total knee arthroplasty(TKA) is still being investigated. While there is a growing body of literature identifying potential rehabilitation targets for individuals who have undergone TKA, it is important to first understand the underlying post-operative impairments to more efficiently target functional deficits that may lead to improvedlong-term outcomes. The purpose of this article is to review the potential role of muscle force output and movement variability in TKA recipients. The narrative review relies on existing literature in elderly healthy and impaired individuals, as well as in those with OA before and following TKA. The variables that may predict longterm functional abilities and deficits are discussed in the context of existing literature in healthy older adults and older adults with OA and following TKA, as well as the role future research in this field may play in providing evidence-based data for improved rehabilitation targets. | Jessica W Smith Jesse C Christensen Robin L Marcus Paul C LaStayo | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，2： | 3 |
| 9 | Topotecan对癌细胞系SUD4和DOHH2的拓扑异构酶(Ⅰ,Ⅱ)的毒性作用(英文)显示文摘Topotecan(TPT)是类似天然抗癌药物喜树碱的半合成新药.为了阐明TPT对拓扑异构酶的毒性作用,将癌细胞系SUD4及DOHH2培养在不同浓度TPT的培养基中,分别在培养8h、18h后取样进行测试.结果表明:TPT不仅作用于拓扑酶Ⅰ,也作用于拓扑酶Ⅱ,尽管对酶Ⅱ的影响非常小.应用新的流体细胞测量仪(FACS-Vantage)及免疫分析法对细胞培养时间、TPT的浓度与拓扑酶中毒程度的动力学关系进行了研究.上述研究显示TPT能影响拓扑异构酶Ⅱ(新观点),同时强调在抗癌化学治疗中应结合使用酶Ⅰ及酶Ⅱ抑制剂. | 冯小荣 Paul SMITH | 1999 | 生命科学研究1999，3，2： | 3 |
| 10 | Nutritional therapy for active Crohn’s disease显示文摘Nutritional therapy for active Crohn’s disease (CD) is an underutilised form of treatment in adult patients, though its use is common in the paediatric population. There is evidence that nutritional therapy can effectively induce remission of CD in adult patients. Enteral nutrition therapy is safe and generally well tolerated. Meta-analysis data suggest that corticosteroids are superior to nutritional treatment for induction of remission in active CD. However, the potential side effects of such pharmacotherapy must be taken into consideration. This review examines the evidence for the efficacy of elemental and polymeric diets, and the use of total parenteral nutrition in active CD. | Paul A Smith | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，27： | 3 |
| 11 | Does exercise have a protective effect on cognitive function under hypoxia? A systematic review with meta-analysis显示文摘Objective:This study aimed to examine(1)the independent effects of hypoxia on cognitive function and(2)the effects of exercise on cognition while under hypoxia.Methods:Design:Systematic review with meta-analysis.Data sources:PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,PsychInfo,and SPORTDiscus were searched.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies:randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized controlled studies that investigated the effects of chronic or acute exercise on cognition under hypoxia were considered(Aim 2),as were studies investigating the effects of hypoxia on cognition(Aim 1).Results:In total,18 studies met our inclusionary criteria for the systematic review,and 12 studies were meta-analyzed.Exposure to hypoxia impaired attentional ability(standardized mean difference(SMD)=-0.4),executive function(SMD=-0.18),and memory function(SMD=-0.26),but not information processing(SMD=0.27).Aggregated results indicated that performing exercise under a hypoxia setting had a significant effect on cognitive improvement(SMD=0.3,95%confidence interval:0.14-0.45,I^2=54%,p<0.001).Various characteristics(e.g.,age,cognitive task type,exercise type,exercise intensity,training type,and hypoxia level)moderated the effects of hypoxia and exercise on cognitive function.Conclusion:Exercise during exposure to hypoxia improves cognitive function.This association appears to be moderated by individual and exercise/hypoxia-related characteristics. | Myungjin Jung Liye Zou Jane Jie Yu Seungho Ryu Zhaowei Kong Lin Yang Minsoo Kang Jingyuan Lin Hong Li Lee Smith Paul D.Loprinzi | 2020 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2020，9，6： | 3 |
| 12 | Synthetic Vaginal Tapes for Stress Incontinence: Proposals for Improved Regulation of New Devices in Europe显示文摘 | Paul Abrams Christopher R. Chapple Marcus Drake Suzy El-Neil Susanne Ludgate Anthony R.B. Smith | 2011 | European Urology2011，，： | 3 |
| 13 | Definitive management of severe facial trauma utilizing free tissue transfer显示文摘 | Neal D. Futran D. Gregory Farwell Russell B. Smith Paul E. Johnson Gerry F. Funk | 2005 | Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2005，，1： | 3 |
| 14 | Provocative Mesenteric Angiography for Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: Results from a Single-institution Study显示文摘 | Charles Y. Kim Paul V. Suhocki Michael J. Miller Mazhar Khan Gemini Janus Tony P. Smith | 2010 | Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology2010，，4： | 2 |
| 15 | 牙本质胞外基质对人血管内皮细胞增殖的影响显示文摘目的 :探讨牙本质胞外基质成分 (dentineextracellularmatrixcomponents,DM)对血管内皮细胞增殖的影响。方法 :用 10 0 g/LEDTA ,在pH 7.2和蛋白酶抑制剂存在的条件下 ,从健康人牙中提取DM。第 3代人脐静脉内皮细胞 (humanumbilicalveinendothelialcell,HUVEC) ,在含有不同浓度DM培养液中培养 8d ,每 2天计数 1次 ,绘制生长曲线。并对第 8天对照 (不含DM培养 )与实验组的细胞数进行Mann -Whitney统计分析。结果 :HUVEC在DM浓度为 0 .0 0 0 1、0 .0 0 1和 0 .0 1mg/mL的培养液中培养时较对照分别增长了 4 9% (P =0 .0 0 0 6 )、2 1%和 9% ,在DM浓度为 0 .1和 1mg/mL时 ,减少 2 2 %和 74 % (P =0 .0 0 0 3)。 结论 :DM对血管内皮细胞增殖具有计量依赖型影响效应。低浓度DM可刺激内皮细胞的增殖 ,而高浓度DM则可抑制该细胞的增殖。提示 :这一计量依赖型效应可能正是牙髓损伤后造成局部不同的血管形成方式 ,并最终导致不同修复结果的原因。 | 张蓉 Gay Smith Alastair J Sloan Paul R Cooper 赵守亮 Athony J Smith | 2004 | 牙体牙髓牙周病学杂志2004，14，6： | 2 |
| 16 | Intrarectal Amifostine During External Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer Produces Significant Improvements in Quality of Life Measured by EPIC Score显示文摘 | Nicole L. Simone Cynthia Ménard Benjamin P. Soule Paul S. Albert Peter Guion Sharon Smith Denise Godette Nancy S. Crouse Linda C. Sciuto Theresa Cooley-Zgela Kevin Camphausen C. Norman Coleman Anurag K. Singh | 2008 | International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics2008，，1： | 2 |
| 17 | Methylation of TIMP3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma显示文摘AIM: To measure the frequency of DNA methylation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) promoter and relate this to any change of gene expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients from a region of high incidence in China.METHODS: Cancer cell lines were treated with or without the demethylating reagent 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine. Methylation of the TIMP3 promoter was assessed in three regions by melt curve analysis and its expression was assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Tumors and proximal resection margins were obtained from 64 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from a region of high incidence in China. Methylation was assessed by melt curve analysis and expression by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Methylation in one of the three promoter regions assessed correlated with gene silencing in esophageal cell lines. A degree of methylation of TIMP3 was found in only four esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and partial loss of TIMP3 protein expression in just one.CONCLUSION: Methylation and loss of expression of TIMP3 occurs infrequently in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a region of high incidence in China. | Eric Smith Neville J De Young Zi-Qiang Tian Maria Caruso Andrew R Ruszkiewicz Jun-Feng Liu Glyn G Jamieson Paul A Drew | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，2： | 2 |
| 18 | Pneumothorax as a presenting feature of granulomatous disease of the lung in a patient with Crohn?s disease显示文摘 | Paul A. Smith John R. Crampton Susan Pritchard Cheng Li | 2009 | European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology2009，，2： | 2 |
| 19 | A correlation analysis of BroselowTM Pediatric Emergency Tape-determined pediatric weight with actual pediatric weight in India显示文摘BACKGROUND:The Broselow?Pediatric Emergency Tape indicates standardized,precalculated medication doses,dose delivery volumes,and equipment sizes using color-coded zones based on height-weight correlations.The present study attempted to provide more evidence on the effectiveness of the Broselow?Pediatric Emergency Tape by comparing the tape-estimated weights with actual weights.We hypothesized that the Broselow?Pediatric Emergency Tape would overestimate weights in Indian children aged<10 years,leading to inaccurate dosing and equipment sizing in the emergency setting.METHODS:This prospective study of pediatric patients aged<10 years who were divided into three groups based on actual body weight:<10 kg,10–18 kg,and>18 kg.We calculated the percentage difference between the Broselow-predicted weight and the measured weight as a measure of tape bias.Concordant results were those with a mean percent difference within 3%.Standard deviation was measured to determine precision.Accuracy was determined as color-coded zone prediction and measured weight concordance,including the percentage overestimation by 1–2 zones.RESULTS:The male-to-female ratio of the patients was 1.3:1.Total agreement between colorcoding was 63.18%(κ=0.582).The Broselow?color-coded zone agreement was 74.8%in the<10kg group,61.24%in the 10–18 kg group,and 53.42%in the>18 kg group.CONCLUSIONS:The Broselow?Pediatric Emergency Tape showed good evidence for being more reliable in children of the<10 kg and 10–18 kg groups.However,as pediatric weight increased,predictive reliability decreased.This raises concerns over the use of the Broselow?Pediatric Emergency Tape in Indian children because body weight was overestimated in those weighing>18 kg. | Deepak Geetaprasad mishra Tamorish Kole Rahul Nagpal Jeffery Paul Smith | 2016 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2016，7，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Impact of dysphagia on quality of life after treatment of head-and-neck cancer显示文摘 | Nam P. Nguyen Cheryl Frank Candace C. Moltz Paul Vos Herbert J. Smith Ulf Karlsson Suresh Dutta Allan Midyett Jessica Barloon Sabah Sallah | 2005 | International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics2005，，3： | 1 |
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