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| 1 | 钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂或胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂治疗成人2型糖尿病:临床实践指南显示文摘临床问题对于存在不同心血管风险及肾脏结局的2型糖尿病患者,在原有生活方式干预和/或其他降糖药物的基础上加用钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂的获益及风险是什么?现行做法几十年来,2型糖尿病的治疗决策都以控制血糖为主导。SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂在传统观念中常被用于二甲双胍治疗后血糖仍控制不佳的患者。目前这一现状已经发生了改变,这得益于多项临床研究结果。研究显示SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂拥有独立于药物降糖作用之外的对于动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(CVD)和慢性肾脏病(CKD)的获益。建议本指南阐述了针对不同风险分层的成人2型糖尿病患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂的建议。•伴有3种或更少的心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:不建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•伴有3种以上心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,不建议启动GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD和CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗(推荐等级:强)和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•对于那些想要进一步降低CVD和CKD结局风险的患者:推荐优先启用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗而非GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)这项指南是如何制订的一个由患者、临床医生和方法学家共同组成的国际小组提出了这些推荐意见。这些推荐意见基于可信度较高的指南的标准,并使用GRADE分级方法进行评估。该小组采用了息者个体化的观点。证据一项关于获益与风险的系统综述和网络meta分析(764项随机对照研究,包括421346例参与者)发现SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂可以降低总体死亡率、心肌梗死发生率、终末期肾病或肾衰竭的发生率(中等至高等质量的证据)。在不同的亚组中这些药物对卒中、因心力衰竭所致住院和其他主要不良事件有不同的影响。药物绝对获益的程度因患者个体风险的不同有很大的差异。(例如,对于接受了超过5年药物治疗的1000例患者,在最低风险人群中死亡人数减少了5人,在最高风险人群中死亡人数减少了48人)。一项关于预后的综述确认了14种风险预测模型,其中一种(RECODe)在证据总结中报告了大部分基线风险评估数据,小组利用该模型以支持风险分层的建议。考虑到患者的价值观及个体差异,指南推荐的支撑证据包括一项对已发表论文的系统综述、一项患者焦点小组研究、一项临床问题总结,以及一项指南调查。指南解读我们依据不同的CVD和CKD风险水平,综合考虑获益、风险和其他因素的平衡,以及每一个风险组别的实际问题,来对推荐意见进行分层。本指南强烈建议CVD和CKD患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,这说明专家组认为其具有显著的获益。而对于其他成人2型糖尿病患者,推荐等级较弱,这说明专家组想要在获益、风险及治疗花费上取得一个更好的平衡。临床医生通过该指南可以使用可靠的风险计算模型,如RECODe,来明确其患者的个体心血管和肾脏疾病风险。医患交互式总结临床证据和制订决策有助于患者知晓治疗选择,包括进行共同决策。2型糖尿病人群(全球患病率不断增长1-2)正面临着不断增加的心血管疾病、肾脏病和其他并发症的风险3。数十年来,2型糖尿病的管理始终以控制血糖及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)为治疗目标4-5,但是,最近的高质量随机对照研究已经对这种以血糖为中心的治疗模式发起了挑战。研究结果显示,强化血糖控制未必会降低大血管不良事件,它还可能带来不利影响监管机构现在要求新型糖尿病药物必须证明其具有心血管和肾脏获益才能获得批准。对两类新药--钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂(见框图1)的临床试验结果显示,在现有治疗方案(常规治疗)之上加用这些药物,对死亡、心肌梗死、卒中、心力衰竭和肾脏的结局(如进展为终末期肾病)都有获益8-12。 | Sheyu Li Per Olav Vandvik Lyubov Lytvyn Gordon H Guyatt Suetonia C Palmer Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez Farid Foroutan Thomas Agoritsas Reed A C Siemieniuk Michael Walsh Lawrie Frere David J Tunnicliffe Evi V Nagler Veena Manja Bjφrn Olav Asvold Vivekanand Jha Mieke Vermandere Karim Gariani Qian Zhao Yan Ren Emma Jane Cartwright Patrick Gee Alan Wickes Linda Fems Robin Wright Ling Li Qiukui Hao Reem A Mustafa 无 郭鹤鸣(译) | 2021 | 英国医学杂志中文版2021，24，9： | 7 |
| 2 | Effects of water-based binders on electrochemical performance of manganese dioxide cathode in mild aqueous zinc batteries显示文摘In the majority of rechargeable batteries including lithium-ion batteries,polyvinylidene fluoride(PVdF)binders are the most commonly used binder for both anode and cathode.However,using PVdF binder requires the organic solvent of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone which is expensive,volatile,combustible,toxic,and has poor recyclability.Therefore,switching to aqueous electrode processing routes with non-toxic binders would provide a great leap forward towards the realization of ideally fully sustainable and environmentally friendly electrochemical energy storage devices.Various water-soluble binders(aqueous binders)were characterized and compared to the performance of conventional PVdF.Our study demonstrates that the electrochemical performance of Zn/MnO_(2) aqueous batteries is significantly improved by using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)binder.In addition,CMC binders offer desirable adhesion,good wettability,homogeneous material distribution,and strong chemical stability at certain pH levels(3.5-5)without any decomposition for long-cycle life. | Hee Jung Chang Ismael A.Rodriguez-Pere Matthew Fayette Nathan L.Canfield Huilin Pan Daiwon Choi Xiaolin Li David Reed | 2021 | Carbon Energy2021，3，3： | 5 |
| 3 | β-Elemene, a novel plant-derived antineoplastic agent, increases cisplatinchemosensitivity of lung tumor cells by triggering apoptosis显示文摘 | Qingdi Li Gangduo Wang Manchao Zhang Christopher Cuff Lan Huang Eddie Reed | 2009 | Oncology Reports2009，，1： | 2 |
| 4 | RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESS SIMULATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO MANUFACTURING PROCESSES显示文摘In this paper, the methodology of an Finite Element Method (FEM) based process modeling program is first described using DEFORMTM as an example. DEFORMTM was originally designed for metal forming applications. While its FEM engine employs the updated Lagrangian method, DEFORMTM includes an automated remeshing procedure so as to continue the simulation when the mesh is severely distorted. Due to its unique remeshing capability, the use of the code has been extended to other manufacturing processes, such as welding, machining, heat treatment and glass forming. The heat treatment enhancement includes the phase transformation kinetics. To demonstrate the methodology, applications of the program to various manufacturing processes such as ingot breakdown, extrusion, forging and heat treatment, are presented in this paper. | WT. Wu,J.P. Tang and G. Li Scientific Forming Technologies Corporation, 5038 Reed Road, Columbus, Ohio 43220-2514, U.S.A. | 2000 | Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science)2000，5，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Bcl-2 Gene Family and Related Proteins in Mammary Gland Involution and Breast Cancer显示文摘 | Kristel Schorr Minglin Li Stanislaw Krajewski John C. Reed Priscilla A. Furth | 1999 | Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia1999，，2： | 2 |
| 6 | Towards an all-vanadium redox flow battery with higher theoretical volumetric capacities by utilizing the VO^2+/V^3+ couple显示文摘An all-vanadium redox flow battery with V(IV)as the sole parent active species is developed by accessing the VO^(2+)/V^(3+)redox couple.These batteries,referred to as V4RBs,possess a higher theoretical volumetric capacity than traditional VRBs.Copper ions were identified as an effective additive to boost the battery performance. | Wentao Duan Bin Li Dongping Lu Xiaoliang Wei Zimin Nie Vijayakumar Murugesan James P. Kizewski Aaron Hollas David Reed Vincent Sprenkle Wei Wang | 2018 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2018，27，5： | 2 |
| 7 | Cultural influences on knowledge sharing through online communities of practice显示文摘 | Alexandre Ardichvili Martin Maurer Wei Li Tim Wentling Reed Stuedemann | 2006 | Journal of Knowledge Management2006，，1： | 2 |
| 8 | Evaluation of Cisplatin in Combination with beta-Elemene as a Regimen for Prostate Cancer Chemotherapy显示文摘 | Li QQ Wang G Reed E | 2010 | Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol2010，107，5： | 1 |
| 9 | beta-elemene effectively suppresses the growth and survival of both platinum-sensitive and -resistant ovarian tumor cells显示文摘 | Lee R X Li Q Q Reed E | 2012 | Anticancer Res2012，32，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Evaluation of cisplatin in combination with beta-elemene as a regimen for prostate cancer chemotherapy显示文摘 | Li Q Q Wang G Reed E | 2010 | Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol2010，107，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Molecular basis of cellular response to cisplatin chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer 显示文摘 | Wang G Reed E Li QQ | 2004 | Oncol Rep2004，12，5： | 1 |
| 12 | β-elemene effectively suppresses the growth and survival of both platinum-sensitive and-resistant ovarian tumor cells显示文摘 | Lee RX Li QQ Reed E | 2012 | Anticancer Res2012，32，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Positional cloning of the mouse saccharin preference (Sac) locus显示文摘 | Bachmanov A A Li X Reed D R | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Liquid fuel microcombustor using microfabricated multiplexed electrospray sources显示文摘 | Deng W W Klemic J F Li X H Reed M A Gomez A | 2007 | Proceedings of the Combustion Institute2007，31，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Convergence analysis for an element-by-element finite element method显示文摘 | Li Z P Reed M B | 1995 | Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering1995，123，1234： | 1 |
| 16 | SU5416 sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin through inhibition of nucleotide excision repair显示文摘 | Zhong X Li QQ Reed E | 2003 | Cell Mol Life Sci2003，60，4： | 1 |
| 17 | A new rat model of type 2 diabetes: the fat-fed, Streptozotocin-trcated rat 显示文摘 | Reed MJ Meszaros K Entes LI | 2000 | Metabolism2000，49，11： | 1 |
| 18 | Bcl-2 and Bcl-X L Regulate Proinflammatory Caspase-1 Activation by Interaction with NALP1显示文摘 | Jean-Marie Bruey Nathalie Bruey-Sedano Frederic Luciano Dayong Zhai Ruchi Balpai Chunyan Xu Christina L. Kress Beatrice Bailly-Maitre Xiaoqing Li Andrei Osterman Shu-ichi Matsuzawa Alexey V. Terskikh Benjamin Faustin John C. Reed | 2007 | Cell2007，，1： | 1 |
| 19 | 显示文摘 | Lee RX Li QQ Reed E | 2012 | Anticaneer Res2012，32，8： | 1 |
| 20 | Proteasome inhibition suppresses cisplatin-dependent ERCC-1 mRNA expression in human ovarian tumor cells显示文摘 | Li Q Q Ding L Reed E | 2000 | Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol2000，107，56： | 1 |
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