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| 1 | 氯吡格雷的使用与药物洗脱支架植入后远期临床结果显示文摘背景:近来的冠状动脉内药物洗脱支架研究提示,现行的抗血小板治疗方案可能并不足以预防后期支架内血栓形成。目的:于接受药物洗脱支架(drug-eluting stents,DESs)和裸金属支架(bare-metal stents,BMSs)治疗的冠状动脉病患者中评估氯吡格雷使用与患者远期结果的关系。设计、地点及患者:于连续患者中进行观察性研究。患者于2000年1月1日至2005年7月31日在杜克心脏治疗中心(一家位于北卡罗来纳州达累姆市的三级治疗中心)接受冠状动脉内支架治疗。于6、12、24个月时进行随访,直至2006年9月7日。研究人群包括4666例最初接受BMS(n=3165)或DES(n=1501)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的患者。对随访6和12个月没有事件(没有死亡、心肌梗死或血管重建手术)的患者进行界标分析(landmark analysis)。在这些时间点上根据支架类型以及自我报告之氯吡格雷的使用情况将患者分为4组:DES使用氯吡格雷组、DES不用氯吡格雷组、BMS使用氯吡格雷组以及BMS不用氯吡格雷组。主要观测指标:随访24个月时死亡、非致命性心肌梗死以及死亡或心肌梗死之复合终点。结果:在6个月时没有事件发生的DES组患者(637例使用、579例未使用氯吡格雷)中,氯吡格雷的使用是随访24个月校正死亡率较低(使用2.0%比未使用5.3%;差异,-3.3%;95%CI,-6.3%至-0.3%;P=0.03)以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率较低(3.1%比7.2%;差异,-4.1%;95%CI,-7.6%至-0.6%;P=0.02)的显著预测指标。然而,在BMS组患者中(417例使用、1976例未用氯吡格雷),死亡(3.7%比4.5%;差异,-0.7%;95%CI,-2.9%至1.4%;P=0.50)以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率(5.5%比6.0%;差异,-0.5%;95%CI,-3.2%至2.2%;P:0.70)没有差异。在12个月随访没有事件发生的DES组患者(252例使用、276例未用氯吡格雷)中,氯吡格雷的使用依然可以预测24个月死亡(0%比3.5%;差异,-3.5%;95%CI,-5.9%至-1.1%;P=0.004)以及死亡或心肌梗死发生率(0%比4.5%;差异,-4.5%;95%CI,-7.1%至-1.9%;P〈0.001)较低。然而,在BMS组患者中(346例使用、1644例未用氯吡格雷),在死亡(3.3%比2.7%;差异,0.6%;95%CI,1.5%至2.8%;P=0.57)以及死亡或心肌梗死(4.7%比3.6%;差异,1.0%;95%CI,-1.6%至3.6%;P=0.44)发生方面,依然没有差异。结论:在接受DES治疗的患者中,延长氯吡格雷的使用可以使死亡以及死亡或心肌梗死的发生率下降。然而,使用氯吡格雷的适宜期限只能通过大型临床随机试验确定。 | Eric L Eisenstein, DBA Kevin J. Anstrom, PhD David F. Kong, MD Linda K. Shaw, MS Robert H. Tuttle, MSPH Daniel B. Mark, MD, MPH Judith M. Kramer, MD, MS Robert A. Harrington, MD David B. Matchar, MD David E. Kandzari, MD 1 Eric D. Peterson, MD, MPH Kevin A. Schulman, MD Robert M. Califf, MD 李呈亿(译) David E. Kandzari, MD | 2007 | 美国医学会杂志(中文版)2007，26，3： | 60 |
| 2 | Efficacy and safety of tenofovir in chronic hepatitis B: Australian real world experience显示文摘AIM To evaluate the long-term treatment outcomes of tenofovir therapy in patients in a real world Australian tertiary care setting.METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes among treatment-na?ve and treatment-experienced patients receiving a minimum 3 mo tenofovir therapy through St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia. We included patients receiving tenofovir [tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)] monotherapy, as well as patients treated with TDF in combination with a second antiviral agent. Patients were excluded if they demonstrated human immune-deficiency virus/hepatitis C virus/hepatitis delta virus coinfection or were less than 18 years of age. We considered virological and biochemicalresponse, as well as safety outcomes. Virological response was determined by measurement of hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA using sensitive assays; biochemical response was determined via serum liver function tests; histological response was determined from liver biopsy and fibroscan; safety analysis focused on glomerular renal function and bone mineral density. The primary efficacy endpoint was complete virological suppression over time, defined by HBV DNA < 20 IU/m L. Secondary efficacy endpoints included rates of biochemical response, and HB e antigen(HBe Ag)/HB surface antigen loss and seroconversion over time.RESULTS Ninety-two patients were identified who fulfilled the enrolment criteria. Median follow-up was 26 mo(range 3-114). Mean age was 46(24-78) years, 64(70%) were male and 77(84%) were of Asian origin. 55(60%) patients were treatment-na?ve and 62 patients(67%) were HBe Ag-negative. Complete virological suppression was achieved by 45/65(71%) patients at 12 mo, 37/46(80%) at 24 mo and 25/28(89%) at 36 mo. Partial virological response(HBV DNA 20-2000 IU/m L) was achieved by 89/92(96.7%) of patients. Multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between virological suppression at end of follow-up and baseline HBV DNA level(OR = 0.897, 95%CI: 0.833-0.967, P = 0.0046) and HBe Ag positive status(OR = 0.373, 95%CI: 0.183-0.762, P = 0.0069). There was no difference in response comparing treatment-na?ve and treatment-experienced patients. Three episodes of virological breakthrough occurred in the setting of noncompliance. Tenofovir therapy was well tolerated.CONCLUSION Tenofovir is an efficacious, safe and well-tolerated treatment in an Australian real-world tertiary care setting. Our data are similar to the reported experience from registration trials. | Grace C Lovett Tin Nguyen David M Iser Jacinta A Holmes Robert Chen Barbara Demediuk Gideon Shaw Sally J Bell Paul V Desmond Alexander J Thompson | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，1： | 7 |
| 3 | Controversies in fluid therapy: Type, dose and toxicity显示文摘Fluid therapy is perhaps the most common intervention received by acutely ill hospitalized patients; however, a number of critical questions on the efficacy and safety of the type and dose remain. In this review, recent insights derived from randomized trials in terms of fluid type, dose and toxicity are discussed. We contend that the prescription of fluid therapy is context-specific and that any fluid can be harmful if administered inappropriately. When contrasting ‘‘crystalloid vs colloid'', differences in efficacy are modest but differences in safety are significant. Differences in chloride load and strong ion difference across solutions appear to be clinically important. Phases of fluid therapy in acutely ill patients are recognized, including acute resuscitation, maintaining homeostasis, and recovery phases. Quantitative toxicity(fluid overload) is associated with adverse outcomes and can be mitigated when fluid therapy basedon functional hemodynamic parameters that predict volume responsiveness and minimization of non-essential fluid. Qualitative toxicity(fluid type), in particular for iatrogenic acute kidney injury and metabolic acidosis, remain a concern for synthetic colloids and isotonic saline, respectively. Physiologically balanced crystalloids may be the ‘‘default'' fluid for acutely ill patients and the role for colloids, in particular hydroxyethyl starch, is increasingly unclear. We contend the prescription of fluid therapy is analogous to the prescription of any drug used in critically ill patients. | Robert C McDermid Karthik Raghunathan Adam Romanovsky Andrew D Shaw Sean M Bagshaw | 2014 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2014，3，1： | 5 |
| 4 | Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: A prospective, multicenter study显示文摘 | Martin L. Freeman James A. DiSario Douglas B. Nelson M.Brian Fennerty John G. Lee David J. Bjorkman Carol S. Overby Johannes Aas Michael E. Ryan Gary S. Bochna Michael J. Shaw Harry W. Snady Robert V. Erickson Joseph P. Moore Joseph P. Roel | 2001 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2001，，4： | 5 |
| 5 | Similar Risk of Renal Events Among Patients Treated With Tenofovir or Entecavir for Chronic Hepatitis B显示文摘 | Robert G. Gish Margaret D. Clark Steve D. Kane Richard E. Shaw Michael F. Mangahas Sumbella Baqai | 2012 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2012，，8： | 2 |
| 6 | Anti-viral Drug Treatment: Dynamics of Resistance in Free Virus and Infected Cell Populations显示文摘 | Martin A. Nowak Sebastian Bonhoeffer George M. Shaw Robert M. May | 1997 | Journal of Theoretical Biology1997，，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: A prospective, multicenter study显示文摘 | Martin L. Freeman James A. DiSario Douglas B. Nelson M.Brian Fennerty John G. Lee David J. Bjorkman Carol S. Overby Johannes Aas Michael E. Ryan Gary S. Bochna Michael J. Shaw Harry W. Snady Robert V. Erickson Joseph P. Moore Joseph P. Roel | 2001 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2001，，4： | 2 |
| 8 | Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease显示文摘 | Julian Dalton Robert Shaw Jane Democratis | 2014 | The Lancet . 2014 (9922)2014，，9922： | 1 |
| 9 | The PAR index(peer assessment rating) : methods to determine outcome of orthodontic treatment in terms of improvement and standards 显示文摘 | Richmond S Shaw WC Roberts CT | 1992 | Eur J Orthod1992，14，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Car Dependence in Rural Scotland: Transport Policy, Devolution and the Impact of the Fuel Duty Escalator显示文摘 | Gray D Farrington J Shaw J Martin S Robert D | 2001 | Journal of Rural Studies2001，17，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Rationale and design of the DeFACTO ( De termination of F ractional Flow Reserve by A natomic C omputed T omographic Angi O graphy) study显示文摘 | James K. Min Daniel S. Berman Matthew J. Budoff Farouc A. Jaffer Jonathon Leipsic Martin B. Leon G.B. John Mancini Laura Mauri Robert S. Schwartz Leslee J. Shaw | 2011 | Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography2011，，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Project Partnering: A Medium for Private and Public Sector Collaboration 显示文摘 | T Roger Manley Wade H Shaw Robert C Manley | 2007 | Engineering Management Journal2007，19，20： | 1 |
| 13 | The PAR Index (peer assessment rating):Methods to determine outcome of orthodontic treatment in terms of improvement and stan- dards 显示文摘 | Richmond S Shaw WC Roberts CT | 1992 | Eur J Orthod1992，14，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Update on Colon Cancer Screening: Recent Advances and Observations in Colorectal Cancer Screening显示文摘 | Joseph C. Anderson Robert D. Shaw | 2014 | Current Gastroenterology Reports2014，，9： | 1 |
| 15 | Chaos显示文摘 | James P Crutchfield J Doyne Farmer Norman H Packard Robert S Shaw | 1986 | Scientific American1986，255，6： | 1 |
| 16 | The PAR Index(peer Assessment Rating); methods to determine outcome of orthodontic treat-ment in terms of improvement and standards显示文摘 | RICHMOND S SHAW W C ROBERTS C T | 1992 | Eur J Orthod1992，14，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Effect of crizotinib on overall survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring ALK gene rearrangement: a retrospective analysis显示文摘 | Alice T Shaw Beow Y Yeap Benjamin J Solomon Gregory J Riely Justin Gainor Jeffrey A Engelman Geoffrey I Shapiro Daniel B Costa Sai-Hong I Ou Mohit Butaney Ravi Salgia Robert G Maki Marileila Varella-Garcia Robert C Doebele Yung-Jue Bang Kimary Kulig Pauli | 2011 | Lancet Oncology2011，，11： | 1 |
| 18 | The PAR index(peer assessment rating):Methods to detemine outcome of orthodontic treament in tems of improvement and standars显示文摘 | Richmond S Shaw WC Roberts CT et a1 | 1992 | Eur J0rthod1992，14，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Effect of crizotinib on overall survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring ALK gene rearrangement: a retrospective analysis显示文摘 | Alice T Shaw Beow Y Yeap Benjamin J Solomon Gregory J Riely Justin Gainor Jeffrey A Engelman Geoffrey I Shapiro Daniel B Costa Sai-Hong I Ou Mohit Butaney Ravi Salgia Robert G Maki Marileila Varella-Garcia Robert C Doebele Yung-Jue Bang Kimary Kulig Pauli | 2011 | Lancet Oncology2011，，11： | 1 |
| 20 | Filter- Response Line Shape of Resonant Waveguide Gratings 显示文摘 | Robert W D Wang Shu shaw Robert Magnusson | 1996 | Journal of Lightwave Technology1996，14，8： | 1 |
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