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| 1 | Portal vein thrombosis, mortality and hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To determine the clinical impact of portal vein thrombosis in terms of both mortality and hepatic decompensations(variceal hemorrhage, ascites, portosystemic encephalopathy) in adult patients with cirrhosis.METHODS: We identified original articles reported through February 2015 in MEDLINE, Scopus, Science Citation Index, AMED, the Cochrane Library, and relevant examples available in the grey literature. Two independent reviewers screened all citations for inclusion criteria and extracted summary data. Random effects odds ratios were calculated to obtain aggregate estimates of effect size across included studies, with 95%CI.RESULTS: A total of 226 citations were identified and reviewed, and 3 studies with 2436 participants were included in the meta-analysis of summary effect. Patients with portal vein thrombosis had an increased risk of mortality(OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.11-2.36, P = 0.01). Portal vein thrombosis was associated with an increased risk of ascites(OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.63-3.89, P < 0.001). There was insufficient data available to determine the pooled effect on other markers of decompensation including gastroesophageal variceal bleeding or hepatic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: Portal vein thrombosis appears to increase mortality and ascites, however, the relatively small number of included studies limits more generalizable conclusions. More trials with a direct comparison group are needed. | Jonathan G Stine Puja M Shah Scott L Cornella Sean R Rudnick Marwan S Ghabril George J Stukenborg Patrick G Northup | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，27： | 42 |
| 2 | 经肛全直肠系膜切除术治疗直肠癌的优点和局限显示文摘在美国,结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率分别位于恶性肿瘤的第4位和第2位,其中直肠癌约占结直肠癌的1/3。对于可切除直肠癌而言,全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME)仍然是手术的金标准。但骨盆狭窄、新辅助治疗后肿瘤触摸不清、照明及术野显露困难、远切缘确定困难及吻合器无法放置等解剖、技术和患者方面的因素,会使开腹及腹腔镜TME手术困难。在此环境下,"自下而上"的TME手术——经肛全直肠系膜切除手术(taTME)应运而生。taTME手术结合了腹腔镜及机器人手术的微创化、高清内镜平台的可视化及功能化以及经肛经腹直肠癌TME手术的优势。2010—2013年期间,Lacy等研究者陆续系列报道了taTME手术的实施情况,将该术式推向了高潮。
taTME手术采取改良截石位。手术分为腹部手术和会阴手术两个部分。腹部手术具体步骤可由术者偏好调整,但总体包括游离左侧结肠和脾曲、高位结扎肠系膜下血管和标准的TME手术。会阴部手术先在肿瘤远端采用荷包缝合封闭肠腔,在进行直肠冲洗后,放入操作平台,环形切开肠壁,"自下而上"沿直肠系膜无血管层面进行游离,直至与腹部组会合。标本可以经肛或经造口部位取出。可采取手工缝合或吻合器吻合完成消化道重建。taTME手术的优点和局限如下。
1. taTME手术优点:taTME手术采用经肛进入盆腔的入路方式,即使在低位局部进展期直肠癌、肥胖、骨盆狭窄等操作难度大的手术中,依然可以获得满意的视野显露。同时,由于在肿瘤远端荷包缝合肠壁,故对肿瘤远端切缘的判断更加准确。taTME手术相对简便地完成远端直肠系膜的游离切除,可能更有利于确保手术标本切缘的安全性和淋巴清扫的彻底性,并能得到更高质量的TME手术切除标本,使直肠癌患者的生存获益。国际登记机构的结果显示,taTME术后系膜完整率为96%,环周切缘和远端切缘阳性率分别为2.4%和0.3%。与腹腔镜手术相比,taTME手术时间更短,术后并发症发生率更低。taTME术后吻合口漏发生率和病死率分别为6.7%和2.6%。
2. taTME手术局限:尽管taTME手术有上述优点,现有研究也提示,taTME术后短期肿瘤学安全性满意,但这毕竟是一种新术式,尚缺乏长期随访结果,需要更大样本的对照试验来探究其临床、肿瘤学和功能学结果。此外,对于一个新术式,在实践中会遇见一些新的并发症。特别是"自下而上"的路径,要求外科医生从不同的视角重新认识原来的解剖结构,如直肠后间隙的游离、血管神经束的保护等。此外,也需要重视和预防术中输尿管损伤、盆壁自主神经损伤、骶前静脉损伤和术后盆腔脓肿的发生。上述损伤尤其容易发生在系膜或前列腺层面上,因此,对于有肿瘤史、盆腔放疗史、前列腺切除史或前列腺肥大的患者尤其需要谨慎。必须指出的是,梗阻性直肠肿瘤、急诊手术和T4期肿瘤是taTME的禁忌证。
综上所述,taTME有利于骨盆狭窄的"高难度"低位直肠癌患者的手术切除和标本质量,但作为一种全新的术式,还需要进一步研究其临床、肿瘤学和功能学结果。 | Deborah S Keller Scott R Steele 楼征 张卫 | 2018 | 中华胃肠外科杂志2018，21，3： | 16 |
| 3 | The wonders of BMP9:From mesenchymal stem cell differentiation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,tumorigenesis,and metabolism to regenerative medicine显示文摘Although bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)initially showed effective induction of ectopic bone growth in muscle,it has since been determined that these proteins,as members of the TGF-b superfamily,play a diverse and critical array of biological roles.These roles include regulating skeletal and bone formation,angiogenesis,and development and homeostasis of multiple organ systems.Disruptions of the members of the TGF-b/BMP superfamily result in severe skeletal and extra-skeletal irregularities,suggesting high therapeutic potential from understanding this family of BMP proteins.Although it was once one of the least characterized BMPs,BMP9 has revealed itself to have the highest osteogenic potential across numerous experiments both in vitro and in vivo,with recent studies suggesting that the exceptional potency of BMP9 may result from unique signaling pathways that differentiate it from other BMPs.The effectiveness of BMP9 in inducing bone formation was recently revealed in promising experiments that demonstrated efficacy in the repair of critical sized cranial defects as well as compatibility with bone-inducing bio-implants,revealing the great translational promise of BMP9.Furthermore,emerging evidence indicates that,besides its osteogenic activity,BMP9 exerts a broad range of biological functions,including stem cell differentiation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,tumorigenesis,and metabolism.This review aims to summarize our current understanding of BMP9 across biology and the body. | Sami Mostafa Mikhail Pakvasa Elam Coalson Allen Zhu Alex Alverdy Hector Castillo Jiaming Fan Alex Li Yixiao Feng Di Wu Elliott Bishop Scott Du Mia Spezia Alissa Li Ofir Hagag Alison Deng Winny Liu Mingyang Li Sherwin S·Ho Aravind Athiviraham Michael J·Lee Jennifer Moriatis Wolf Guillermo A·Ameer Hue H·Luu Rex C·Haydon Jason Strelzow Kelly Hynes Tong-Chuan He Russell R·Reid | 2019 | Genes & Diseases2019，6，3： | 15 |
| 4 | Acquired mutation of the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in human myeloproliferative disorders显示文摘 | E Joanna Baxter Linda M Scott Peter J Campbell Clare East Nasios Fourouclas Soheila Swanton George S Vassiliou Anthony J Bench Elaine M Boyd Natasha Curtin Mike A Scott Wendy N Erber Anthony R Green | 2005 | The Lancet . 2005 (9464)2005，，： | 2 |
| 5 | Spring-dashpot models for the Dynamics of radially rotating beam with impact显示文摘 | Ulsoy A G Scott R A | 1990 | Journal of Sound and Vibration1990，142，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Accurate computation of the radiation from simple antennas using the finite- difference time- domain method显示文摘 | Maloney J G Smith G S Scott W R JR | 1990 | IEEE Trans Antennas and Propagat1990，38，7： | 1 |
| 7 | T lymphocyte subpopulations in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) 显示文摘 | Scott C S Wheeler R Ford P | 1983 | Scand J Haematol1983，40，： | 1 |
| 8 | Scrapie injected murine neuroblastoma cells produce proteaseresistant prion proteins 显示文摘 | Butler D A Scott M R D Prusiner S B | 1988 | J Virol1988，62，： | 1 |
| 9 | Gold and trace element zonation in pyrite using a laser imaging technique: Implications for the timing of gold in orogenic and Carlin- style sediment- hosted deposits 显示文摘 | R R Large L Danyushevsky C Hollit V Maslennikov S Meffer S Gilbert S Bull R Scott P Emsbo H Thomas B Singh J Foster | 2009 | Economic Geology2009，104，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Cross-validation of multivariate densities显示文摘 | SAIN S R BAGGERLYB K A SCOTT A D | 1994 | Journal of the American Statistical As- sociation1994，89，8： | 1 |
| 11 | Cesarean delivery for fetal distress: Rate and risk factors 显示文摘 | CHAUHAN S P MAGANN E F SCOTT J R | 2003 | Obstet Gynecol Surv2003，58，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue from lean and obese swine 显示文摘 | SCOTT R A CORNELIUS S G MERSMANN H J | 1981 | Journal of Animal Science1981，53，： | 1 |
| 13 | Total knee arthroplasty with the PFC system results at a minimum of ten years and survivorship analysis 显示文摘 | Schai P A Thornhill T S Scott R D | 1998 | J Bone Joint Surg Br1998，80，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Generalizations of Davidson's method for computing eigenvalues of sparse symmetric matrices显示文摘 | MORGAN R B SCOTT D S | 1986 | SIAM J Sci Stat Comput1986，7，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Chronic ethanol and nicotine interaction on rat tissue antioxidant defense system 显示文摘 | Husain K Scott B R Reddy S K | 2001 | Alcohol2001，25，： | 1 |
| 16 | Comparison of column phases for separation of derivatized trichothecenes by capillary gas chromatography显示文摘 | Scott P M Kanhere S R | 1986 | Journal of Chromatography1986，368，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Sequence-tagged site markers for mic- rosatellite : simplified techniques for rapidly obtaining flanking sequences 显示文摘 | Thomas M R Scott N S | 1994 | Planr Mol Biol Rep1994，12，： | 1 |
| 18 | Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace 显示文摘 | SCOTT S G BRUCE R A | 1994 | Academy of management journal1994，37，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace显示文摘 | Scott S G Bruce R A | 1994 | Academy of Management Journal1994，37，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Numerically converged solutions of the global primitive equations for testing the dy- namical core of atmospheric GCMs 显示文摘 | Polvani L M Scott R K Thomas S J | 2004 | Mon Wea Rev2004，132，： | 1 |
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