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| 1 | Comparison of estimators of variance for forest inventories with systematic sampling-results from artificial populations显示文摘Background:Large area forest inventories often use regular grids(with a single random start)of sample locations to ensure a uniform sampling intensity across the space of the surveyed populations.A design-unbiased estimator of variance does not exist for this design.Oftentimes,a quasi-default estimator applicable to simple random sampling(SRS)is used,even if it carries with it the likely risk of overestimating the variance by a practically important margin.To better exploit the precision of systematic sampling we assess the performance of five estimators of variance,including the quasi default.In this study,simulated systematic sampling was applied to artificial populations with contrasting covariance structures and with or without linear trends.We compared the results obtained with the SRS,Matern’s,successive difference replication,Ripley’s,and D’Orazio’s variance estimators.Results:The variances obtained with the four alternatives to the SRS estimator of variance were strongly correlated,and in all study settings consistently closer to the target design variance than the estimator for SRS.The latter always produced the greatest overestimation.In populations with a near zero spatial autocorrelation,all estimators,performed equally,and delivered estimates close to the actual design variance.Conclusion:Without a linear trend,the SDR and DOR estimators were best with variance estimates more narrowly distributed around the benchmark;yet in terms of the least average absolute deviation,Matern’s estimator held a narrow lead.With a strong or moderate linear trend,Matern’s estimator is choice.In large populations,and a low sampling intensity,the performance of the investigated estimators becomes more similar. | Steen Magnussen Ronald EMcRoberts Johannes Breidenbach Thomas Nord-Larsen Göran Ståhl Lutz Fehrmann Sebastian Schnell | 2020 | Forest Ecosystems2020，7，2： | 2 |
| 2 | Changes in the epidemiolngic profile of sudden infant death syndrome as rates decline among California infants:1990-1995显示文摘 | Adams E J Chavez G F Steen D | 1998 | Pediatrics1998，102，6： | 1 |
| 3 | Gelatio-nase B functions as regulator and effector in leukocyte biology 显示文摘 | Opdenakker G Van- den- Steen PE Dubois B | 2001 | Leukoc Biol2001，69，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Phase sin- gularities in analytic signal of white-light speckle pattern with application to micro-displacement measurement显示文摘 | Wei Wang lshii Nobuo Hanson Steen G | 2005 | Optics Communications2005，，248： | 1 |
| 5 | Use of the barthel index and modified rankin scale in acute stroke trials显示文摘 | Sulter G Steen C Keyser JD | | 0，，08： | 1 |
| 6 | Use of the Barthel index and modi- fied Rankin Scaleim acute stroke scale in acute seroke trial 显示文摘 | Suher G Steen C De Keyser J | 1999 | Stroke1999，30，8： | 1 |
| 7 | Bioche~nistry and molec- ular biology of gelatinase B or matrix mmetalloproteninase-9 (MMP-9) : The next decade 显示文摘 | Vandooren J Van den Steen PE Opdenakker G | 2013 | Crit Rev Biochem Mol Bid2013，48，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Use of the Barthel index and modified Rankin scale in acute stroke trials显示文摘 | Sulter G Steen C de Keyser J | 1999 | Stroke1999，30，： | 1 |
| 9 | Correction of patient results for Beckman Coulter LX - 20 assays affected by interference due to hemoglobin, bilirubin or lipids: a practical approach显示文摘 | Vermeer HJ Steen G Naus AJ | 2007 | Clin Chem Lab Med2007，45，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Langmuir probe measurements in ex-panding magnetized argon?nitrogen and hydrogen plas-mas显示文摘 | BRUSSAARD G J H VAN DER STEEN M CAR-RERE M | 1998 | Surface and Coating Technology1998，98，13： | 1 |
| 11 | Adjuvam radiotherapy for breast cancer significantly improve overall survival: the missing link显示文摘 | Steene JVD Soete G Storme G | 2000 | Radiother Onco12000，55，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Gelatinase B functions as regulator and effector in leukocyte biology 显示文摘 | Opdenakker G Van den steen PE Duhois B | 2001 | J Leukoo Biol2001，69，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Characterization of plaque componetits with intravascular ultrasound elastography in human femoral and coronary arteries in vitro显示文摘 | De Korte CL Pasterkamp G van der Steen AF | 2000 | Circulation2000，102，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Pulmonary complications: one of the most challenging complications of systemic sclerosis 显示文摘 | Wells AU Steen V Valentini G | 2009 | Rheumatology(Oxford)2009，48，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Use of the barthel index and modified rankin scale in acute stroke trials显示文摘 | Suher G Steen C Keyser JD | 1999 | Stroke1999，30，： | 1 |
| 16 | Use of the barthel index and modified rankin scale in acute stroke trials 显示文摘 | Sulter G Steen C De Keyser J | 1999 | Stroke1999，30，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Use of the Barthel index and modified Rankin scale in acute stroke trials显示文摘 | Sulter G Steen C de Keyser J | 1999 | Stroke1999，30，8： | 1 |
| 18 | AcmD, a homolog of the major autolysin AcmA of Lactococcus lactis, binds to the cell wall and contributes to cell separation and autolysis显示文摘 | VISWESWARAN G R STEEN A LEENHOUTS K | 2013 | PLoS One2013，8，72： | 1 |
| 19 | Use of the Barthel index and modified Rankin scale in acute stroke trials显示文摘 | Sulter G Steen C De Keyser J | 1999 | Stroke1999，30，： | 1 |
| 20 | Effect of total ammonia nitrogen concentration and pH on growth rates of duckweed(Spirodela polyrrhiza) 显示文摘 | Caidedo J R N Steen P V D Arce O G ilzen H J | 2000 | Wat Res2000，34，15： | 1 |
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