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| 1 | Gastric food retention at endoscopy is associated with severity of liver cirrhosis显示文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms are prevalent in patients with cirrhosis.Cirrhotic patients have a known predilection to delayed gastric emptying compared to those without cirrhosis.However,the contributing factors have not been fully elucidated.Retained gastric food on esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)has been used as a surrogate marker for delayed gastric emptying with reasonably high specificity.Therefore,we hypothesize that the frequency of retained gastric food contents at EGD will be higher in a cirrhotic population compared to a control population without liver disease.Additionally,we hypothesize that increased frequency of gastric food contents will be associated with increased severity of cirrhosis.AIM To determine the relative frequency of delayed gastric emptying among cirrhotics as compared to non-cirrhotics and to identify associated factors.METHODSWe performed a retrospective case-control study of cirrhotic subjects whounderwent EGD at an academic medical center between 2000 and 2015. Threehundred sixty-four patients with confirmed cirrhosis, who underwent a total of1044 EGDs for the indication of esophageal variceal screening or surveillance,were identified. During the same period, 519 control patients without liverdisease, who underwent a total of 881 EGDs for the indication of anemia, wereidentified. The presence of retained food on EGD was used as a surrogate fordelayed gastric emptying. The relative frequency of delayed gastric emptyingamong cirrhotics was compared to non-cirrhotics. Characteristics of patients withand without retained food on EGD were compared using univariable andmultivariable logistic regression analysis to identify associated factors.RESULTSOverall, 40 (4.5%) patients had evidence of retained food on EGD. Cirrhotics weremore likely to have retained food on EGD than non-cirrhotics (9.1% vs 1.4%, P <0.001). Characteristics associated with retained food on univariable analysisincluded age less than 60 years (12.6% vs 5.2%, P = 0.015), opioid use (P = 0.004),Child-Pugh class C (24.1% Child-Pugh class C vs 6.4% Child-Pugh class A, P =0.007), and lower platelet count (P = 0.027). On multivariate logistic regressionanalysis, in addition to the presence of cirrhosis (adjusted OR = 5.83;95%CI: 2.32-14.7, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2 combined) (OR = 2.34;95%CI:1.08-5.06, P = 0.031), opioid use (OR = 3.08;95%CI: 1.29-7.34, P = 0.011), andChild-Pugh class C (OR = 4.29;95%CI: 1.43-12.9, P = 0.01) were also associatedwith a higher likelihood of food retention on EGD.CONCLUSIONCirrhotics have a higher frequency of retained food at EGD than non-cirrhotics.Decompensated cirrhosis, defined by Child-Pugh class C, is associated with ahigher likelihood of delayed gastric emptying. | David B Snell Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg Russell Weg Gaurav Ghosh Adam P Buckholz Amit Mehta Xiaoyue Ma Paul J Christos Arun B Jesudian | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，11： | 2 |
| 2 | Human resource management, manufacturing strategy, and firm performance 显示文摘 | Youndt M A Snell S A Dean J W Lepak D P | 1996 | Academy of Management Journal1996，39，： | 1 |
| 3 | Integrated manufacturing and hu- man resource management: a human capital perspective 显示文摘 | Snell S A Dean J W | 1992 | Academy of Management Journal1992，35，： | 1 |
| 4 | Volume responsiveness in critically ill patients:use of sonography to guide management显示文摘 | Evans D Ferraioli G Snellings J | 2014 | J Ultrasound Med2014，33，1： | 1 |
| 5 | An Active Range-gated Near-IR TV system for All-weather Surveillance 显示文摘 | Kevin J Snell Andre Parent | 1997 | SPIE1997，2935，： | 1 |
| 6 | Reversible catalytic cleavage of hydroxyamino acids by pyridoxal and metal salts显示文摘 | Metaler D Longenecher J | 1953 | J Am Chem Soc1953，75，： | 1 |
| 7 | Reversible cleavage of hydroxyamino acids by pyridoxal and metal salts显示文摘 | Metzler D Longenecher J | 1954 | J Am Chem Soc1954，76，： | 1 |
| 8 | Opposing roles for TRAF1 in the alternative versus classical NF - KB pathway in T cells 显示文摘 | McPheron A J Snell L M Mak T W | 2012 | J Biol Chem2012，287，23： | 1 |
| 9 | An assay methodfor pantothenic acid显示文摘 | PENNINGTON D SNELL E E WILLIAMS R J | 1940 | J Biol Chem1940，135，： | 1 |
| 10 | An active range-gated near IRTV system for all-weather surveillance 显示文摘 | Kevin J Snell Andre Parent Marc Levesque | 1997 | Proc SPIE1997，2935，： | 1 |
| 11 | Integrated Manufacturing and Job Besign:Moderating Effects of Organizational Inertia显示文摘 | DEAN J W SNELL S A | 1991 | Academy of Management Journal1991，34，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Modifiable and nonmodifiable factors associated with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women:results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994显示文摘 | Snelling AM Crespo C J Schaeffer M | 2001 | J Womens Health Gend Based Med2001，10，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Spectrally Resolved Measurement of Flame Radiation to Determine Soot Temperature and Concentration 显示文摘 | Snelling D R Thomson K A Smallwood G J | 2002 | AIAA Journal2002，40，9： | 1 |
| 14 | The identification of common haplotypes on bovine chromosome 5 within commercial lines of Bos taurus and their associations with growth traits显示文摘 | Li C Basarab J Snelling W M | 2002 | Anim Sci2002，80，： | 1 |
| 15 | Thickness Variation of the Magneto-optical Properties of Tb,Dy-Fe Co Pr Thin Films显示文摘 | Carey R Newman D M Snelling J P | 1995 | Thin Soild Film1995，259，： | 1 |
| 16 | Human Resource Management, Manufacturing Strategy, and Finn Performance 显示文摘 | Youndt M A Snell S A Dean J W | 1996 | Academy of Management Journal1996，39，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Effects of fenitrothion on life history parameters of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus 显示文摘 | Lv L L Snell T W Yang J X | 2010 | Journal of Freshwater Ecology2010，25，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Human Resource Management,Manufacturing Strategy,and Firm Performance显示文摘 | SNELL S A DEAN J W | 1996 | Academy of Management Journal1996，39，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Effect of progesterone on sexual reproduction of Brachionus manjavacas(Rotifera) 显示文摘 | Snell T W DesRosiers N J D | 2008 | Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology2008，363，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Heat conduction from a spherical nano-particle: Status of modeling heat conduction in laser-induced incandescence 显示文摘 | Liu F Daun K J Snelling D R | 2006 | Appl Phys B2006，83，3： | 1 |
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