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| 1 | 人类与自然耦合系统显示文摘人类与自然系统不断地相互作用促使人类与自然耦合系统(CHANS)的形成与发展。近期的研究揭示了人类与自然耦合系统在组织、空间以及时间上耦合的复杂性。这些耦合在相互作用方面从直接演化到更间接;在联结方面从邻近演化到更远距离;在尺度上,从局部演化到全球;在模式和过程上,从简单演化到复杂。解开如相互影响和突发属性的复杂性,能够导致新的科学发现,并且对于开发生态和社会经济可持续性的有效政策是非常重要的。以解决关于人类与自然耦合系统的基本问题和迎接社会的空前挑战为目的的,真正整合不同学科的机会正显现出来。 | 刘建国 Thomas Dietz Stephen R.Carpenter Carl Folke Marina Alberti Charles L.Redman Stephen H.Schneider Elinor Ostrom Alice N.Pell Jane Lubchenco William W.Taylor 欧阳志云 Peter Deadman Timothy Kratz William Provencher 张淑敏 | 2007 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2007，36，B12： | 13 |
| 2 | The impact of iodinated X-ray contrast agents on formation and toxicity of disinfection by-products in drinking water显示文摘The presence of iodinated X-ray contrast media(ICM) in source waters is of high concern to public health because of their potential to generate highly toxic disinfection by-products(DBPs). The objective of this study was to determine the impact of ICM in source waters and the type of disinfectant on the overall toxicity of DBP mixtures and to determine which ICM and reaction conditions give rise to toxic by-products. Source waters collected from Akron,OH were treated with five different ICMs, including iopamidol, iopromide, iohexol,diatrizoate and iomeprol, with or without chlorine or chloramine disinfection. The reaction product mixtures were concentrated with XAD resins and the mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the reaction mixture concentrates was measured. Water containing iopamidol generated an enhanced level of mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity after disinfection. While chlorine disinfection with iopamidol resulted in the highest cytotoxicity overall, the relative iopamidol-mediated increase in toxicity was greater when chloramine was used as the disinfectant compared with chlorine. Four other ICMs(iopromide, iohexol, diatrizoate, and iomeprol) expressed some cytotoxicity over the control without any disinfection, and induced higher cytotoxicity when chlorinated. Only iohexol enhanced genotoxicity compared to the chlorinated source water. | Clara H.Jeong Edward J.Machek Morteza Shakeri Stephen E.Duirk Thomas A.Ternes Susan D.Richardson Elizabeth D.Wagner Michael J.Plewa | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，8： | 11 |
| 3 | Assessment of noise and ground vibration induced during blasting operations in an open pit mine——A case study on Ewekoro limestone quarry,Nigeria显示文摘Our study was carried out to assess the level of noise generated and ground vibrations induced during blasting operations at the Ewekoro limestone quarry in Nigeria.To achieve this objective,vibro monitor equipment was used to take readings related to noise generated and ground vibrations during all blasting operations that took place in the quarry for a period of one month.As well,a digital camera was used to take photographs of residential structures within villages near the quarry.The results obtained indicate that the ground vibration readings fall between 0.5 mm/s and 2.1 mm/s and the noise generated during the blasting operations between 82 dB and 89 dB.These readings when compared with the limits set by FEPA(Federal Environmental Protection Agency) of 5.0 mm/s and 150 dB) all fall within the permissible limits.However the photographs of most structures near the quarry reveal cracks and dilapidated building walls.Recommendations are made on how to sustain and improve current blasting techniques. | Afeni Thomas B Osasan Stephen K | 2009 | Mining Science and Technology2009，19，4： | 9 |
| 4 | Developing More Effective Enhanced Biochar Fertilisers for Improvement of Pepper Yield and Quality显示文摘Utilization of biochar at high application rates can increase soil C and crop yields, decrease greenhouse gas emissions and reduce nutrient run-off from soils. However, the high application rate of 10 t ha-1may not return a profit to the farmer due to the high cost of biochar. In this study biochar was modified through pre-treating the biomass and post-treating with phosphoric acid, minerals and different chemical fertilisers to study the effects of two new enhanced biochar fertilisers on the yield and quality of green pepper in a field experiment with 5 fertilisation treatments and 3 replications. The two new biochar fertilisers significantly(P < 0.05) increased the yield of green pepper(11.33–11.47 t ha-1), compared with the conventional chemical fertiliser(9.72 t ha-1). The biochar fertiliser treatments improved the vitamin C content of green pepper from 236.99 to 278.28 mg kg-1, and also significantly(P < 0.05) reduced the nitrate content from 132.32 to 101.92 mg kg-1, compared with chemical fertiliser. This study indicated that, compared to the use of conventional chemical fertiliser, all of the biochar fertiliser treatments could significantly improve the yield and quality of green pepper. | YAO Chunxue Stephen JOSEPH LI Lianqing PAN Genxing Yun LIN Paul MUNROE Ben PACE Sarasadat TAHERYMOOSAVI Lukas VAN ZWIETEN Torsten THOMAS Shaun NIELSEN Jun YE Scott DONNE | 2015 | Pedosphere2015，25，5： | 8 |
| 5 | 应用硫酸吗啡止痛并不影响诊断难以鉴别的腹痛显示文摘问题:对于难以鉴别的腹痛患者,硫酸吗啡止痛是否影响体检和诊断的准确性? | Thomas SH Silen WCheema F Stephen Pitts 张静 | 2004 | 英国医学杂志中文版2004，7，3： | 7 |
| 6 | Characterization of three transcripts encoding small heat shock proteins expressed in the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)显示文摘幼鳕蛾是苹果和世界范围的梨的一个主要害虫。这只昆虫怎么对环境应力作出回应的增加的知识将改进措施对它使用了的地和收获以后的控制。小热吃惊蛋白质(sHsps ) 在对环境 stressors 的细胞的回答起一个主要作用。一份退化 oligonucleotide 教材,对保存 -crystallin 领域设计了,在互补 DNA (cDNA ) 结束反应的 3 快速的扩大被使用放大编码在幼鳕蛾房间线表示的 sHsps 的抄本, Cp169,使遭到了加热吃惊。三全身的 cDNAs 从包含了编码 sHsps 的开的读物框架的 Cp169 房间被克隆。为 CpHsp19.8 的 cDNA 是编码 177 氨基酸的 795 bp。为 CpHsp19.9 的 cDNA 是编码 175 氨基酸的 749 bp。为 CpHsp22.2 的 cDNA 是编码 192 氨基酸的 737 bp。三 CpHsps 的蛋白质序列的分析与相同显示了 83 氨基酸的存在到 -crystallin 领域。为每 CpHsps, -crystallin 领域被分叉的 N 终端和 C 终端区域包围,与 sHsps 的保存结构的特征一致。实时聚合酶链反应,过去常决定每在幼鳕蛾的不同发展阶段的 sHsps 的表示模式在测试的所有阶段揭示了抄本的存在。与另外的 sHsps 的特征一致,当昆虫被使遭到加热吃惊时, CpHsp 抄本的表示极大地被提高。这研究的结果能被用作一个指南用各种各样的收获以后的处理在幼鳕蛾控制学习 sHsps 的角色。 | Stephen F. Garczynski Thomas R. Unruh Christelle Guedot Lisa G. Neven | 2011 | Insect Science2011，18，5： | 6 |
| 7 | Application of Cydia pomonella expressed sequence tags: Identification and expression of three general odorant binding proteins in codling moth显示文摘幼鳕蛾, Cydia pomonella,是在世界上的梨果水果的最重要的害虫之一,然而,分子的遗传和这个昆虫遗体的生理学糟糕理解。8341 个表示顺序标签的一个联合集会从八个织物特定的 cDNA 图书馆定序的 Roche 454 GS-FLX 被产生。通常认为的化学感应的蛋白质(12 ) 和有气味的东西绑定蛋白质(OBP )(18 ) 被注解,它包括了三通常认为的一般 OBP (GOBP ) ,一个人典型地非常为另外的鳞翅目报导了。为了推进,描绘 CpomGOBPs,我们克隆他们的抄本的 cDNA 拷贝并且在各种各样的纸巾决定了他们的表示模式。为 CpomGOBP1 698nt 抄本克隆并且定序导致了编码区域的 163 氨基酸的预言,并且随后的 RT-PCR 显示抄本主要在天线和 mouthparts 被表示。CpomGOBP3 抄本主要是的 702 nt (169 氨基酸) 在天线, mouthparts,和女腹部表示了的 CpomGOBP2 和小说付小费给的 1289 nt (160 氨基酸) 。这些结果显示定序的那下一代为兴趣的新奇抄本的鉴定是有用的,并且那幼鳕蛾表示为 GOBP 亚科的一个新成员编码的一个抄本。 | Stephen F. Garczynski Brad S. Coates Thomas R. Unruh Scott Schaeffer Derick Jiwan Tyson Koepke Amit Dhingra | 2013 | Insect Science2013，20，5： | 6 |
| 8 | RADIATION BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS:A REVIEW OF ACCURATE TIME-DOMAIN FORMULATIONS显示文摘我们为麦克斯韦的方程考察放射边界条件的时间域明确的表达,集中于能交付以可接受的计算成本的任意的精确性的方法。例子在对称、一般的边界,基于识别并且评估,等价物采购的方法,和象本地边界条件的完美地匹配的层和序列那样的本地近似上包括非局部的条件的快评估。复杂性估计被导出作为波长和模拟时间的功能估计工作和存储要求。 | Thomas Hagstrom Stephen Lau | 2007 | Journal of Computational Mathematics2007，25，3： | 5 |
| 9 | Stromal Elements Act to Restrain, Rather Than Support, Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma显示文摘 | Andrew D. Rhim Paul E. Oberstein Dafydd H. Thomas Emily T. Mirek Carmine F. Palermo Stephen A. Sastra Erin N. Dekleva Tyler Saunders Claudia P. Becerra Ian W. Tattersall C. Benedikt Westphalen Jan Kitajewski Maite G. Fernandez-Barrena Martin E. Fernandez- | 2014 | Cancer Cell2014，，： | 5 |
| 10 | Statements from the Taormina expert meeting on occult hepatitis B virus infection显示文摘 | Giovanni Raimondo Jean-Pierre Allain Maurizia R. Brunetto Marie-Annick Buendia Ding-Shinn Chen Massimo Colombo Antonio Craxì Francesco Donato Carlo Ferrari Giovanni B. Gaeta Wolfram H. Gerlich Massimo Levrero Stephen Locarnini Thomas Michalak Mario U. Mon | 2008 | Journal of Hepatology2008，，4： | 5 |
| 11 | Impact of chlorine exposure time on disinfection byproduct formation in the presence of iopamidol and natural organic matter during chloramination显示文摘Chloramines,in practice,are formed onsite by adding ammonia to chlorinated drinking water to achieve the required disinfection.While regulated disinfection byproducts(DBPs)are reduced during chloramine disinfection,other DBPs such as iodinated(iodo-)DBPs,that elicit greater toxicity are formed.The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of prechlorination time on the formation of both halogen-specific total organic halogen(TOX)and iodo/chlorinated(chloro-)DBPs during prechlorination/chloramination in source waters(SWs)containing iopamidol,an X-ray contrast medium.Barberton SW(BSW)and Cleveland SW(CSW)containing iopamidol were prechlorinated for 5–60 min and afterwards chloraminated for 72 hr with ammonium chloride.Chlorine contact time(CCT)did not significantly impact total organic iodine(TOI)concentrations after prechlorination or chloramination.Concentrations of total organic chlorine(TOCl)formed during prechlorination did not significantly change regardless of pH and prechlorination time,whileTOClappearedtodecreaseafter 72 hrchloraminationperiod.Dichloroiodomethane(CHCl_2I)formation during prechlorination did not exhibit any significant trends as a function of p H or CCT,but after chloramination,significant increases were observed at pHs 6.5 and 7.5 with respect to CCT.Iodo-HAAs were not formed during prechlorination but were detected after chloramination.Significant quantities of chloroform(CHCl_3)and trichloroacetic acid(TCAA)were formed during prechlorination but formation ceased upon ammonia addition.Therefore,prechlorination studies should measure TOX and DBP concentrations prior to ammonia addition to obtain data regarding the initial conditions. | Nana Osei B.Ackerson Alexis H.Killinger Hannah K.Liberatore Thomas A.Ternes Michael J.Plewa Susan D.Richardson Stephen E.Duirk | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，4： | 4 |
| 12 | Low hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)expression in testicular germ cell tumors--a major reason for enhanced chemosensitivity?显示文摘The molecular basis for enhanced chemosensitivity of testicular germ cell tumors(GCT)has been an area of great interest,as it could potentially give us therapeutic leads in other resistant malignancies.Thus far,however,the increased sensitivity of GCT has been variously attributed to multiple factors—an inability to detoxify cisplatin,a lack of export pumps,an inability to repair the DNA damage,an intact apoptotic cascade and lack of p53 mutation;but a unifying underlying etiology leading to the aforementioned processes and having a translational implication has so far been elusive.Herein,we offer evidence to support a potential significant role for the previously demonstrated low hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)expression in mediating the general exquisite chemosensitivity of testicular GCT,through the aforementioned processes.This molecular mechanism based hypothesis could have a significant translational implication in platinum refractory GCT as well as other platinum resistant malignancies. | niraj shenoy roxana dronca fernando quevedo stephen a boorjian john cheville brian costello manish kohli thomas witzig lance pagliaro | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2017，29，4： | 4 |
| 13 | Comparison of Cold and Warm Ischemia During Partial Nephrectomy in 660 Solitary Kidneys Reveals Predominant Role of Nonmodifiable Factors in Determining Ultimate Renal Function显示文摘 | Brian R. Lane Paul Russo Robert G. Uzzo Adrian V. Hernandez Stephen A. Boorjian R. Houston Thompson Amr F. Fergany Thomas E. Love Steven C. Campbell | 2011 | The Journal of Urology2011，，2： | 3 |
| 14 | The Hemodynamic and Adrenergic Effects of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine Infusion after Vascular Surgery显示文摘 | Pekka Talke Richard Chen Brian Thomas Anil Aggarwall Alexandru Gottlieb Per Thorborg Stephen Heard Albert Cheung Stanley Lee Son Antero Kallio | 2000 | Anesthesia & Analgesia2000，，4： | 3 |
| 15 | Bevacizumab plus oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer (AVANT): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Aimery de Gramont Eric Van Cutsem Hans-Joachim Schmoll Josep Tabernero Stephen Clarke Malcolm J Moore David Cunningham Thomas H Cartwright J Randolph Hecht Fernando Rivera Seock-Ah Im Gy?rgy Bodoky Ramon Salazar Frédérique Maindrault-Goebel Einat Shacham- | 2012 | Lancet Oncology2012，，12： | 3 |
| 16 | Th1 cytokines promote T-cell binding to antigen-presenting cells via enhanced hyaluronan production and accumulation at the immune synapse显示文摘Hyaluronan(HA)production by dendritic cells(DCs)is known to promote antigen presentation and to augment T-cell activation and proliferation.We hypothesized that pericellular HA can function as intercellular‘glue’directly mediating T cell–DC binding.Using primary human cells,we observed HA-dependent binding between T cells and DCs,which was abrogated upon pre-treatment of the DCs with 4-methylumbelliferone(4-MU),an agent which blocks HA synthesis.Furthermore,T cells regulate HA production by DCs via T cell-derived cytokines in a T helper(Th)subset-specific manner,as demonstrated by the observation that cell-culture supernatants from Th1 but not Th2 clones promote HA production.Similar effects were seen upon the addition of exogenous Th1 cytokines,IL-2,interferon c(IFN-c)and tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-a).The critical factors which determined the extent of DC–T cell binding in this system were the nature of the pre-treatment the DCs received and their capacity to synthesize HA,as T-cell clones which were pre-treated with monensin,added to block cytokine secretion,bound equivalently irrespective of their Th subset.These data support the existence of a feedforward loop wherein T-cell cytokines influence DC production of HA,which in turn affects the extent of DC–T cell binding.We also document the presence of focal deposits of HA at the immune synapse between T-cells and APC and on dendritic processes thought to be important in antigen presentation.These data point to a pivotal role for HA in DC–T cell interactions at the IS. | Paul L Bollyky Stephen P Evanko Rebecca P Wu Susan Potter-Perigo S Alice Long Brian Kinsella Helena Reijonen Kelly Guebtner Brandon Teng Christina K Chan Kathy R Braun John A Gebe Gerald T Nepom Thomas N Wight | 2010 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2010，7，3： | 3 |
| 17 | 关于LED背光源及其驱动方法的研究显示文摘LCD制造商们已经减缓了将传统灯箱式LED背光源应用于高性能、高可靠性的彩色液晶显示器的步伐,特别是对于较大尺寸的显示屏。目前,在市面上背光源解决方案花样繁多,例如,边光式和直下式背光源。本文将介绍几种主要的LED背光方案。 | Suzanne Thomas Stephen Soos 王鹏 | 2008 | 现代显示2008，，11： | 3 |
| 18 | An overview of tissue and whole organ decellularization processes显示文摘 | Peter M. Crapo Thomas W. Gilbert Stephen F. Badylak | 2011 | Biomaterials2011，，12： | 3 |
| 19 | From foraging to autonoetic consciousness: The primal self as a consequence of embodied prospective foraging显示文摘 | Thomas T. HILLS Stephen BUTTERFILL | 2015 | Current Zoology2015，61，2： | 3 |
| 20 | Adverse Effects of Low Dose Amiodarone: A Meta-Analysis显示文摘 | Vicken R Vorperian Thomas C Havighurst Stephen Miller Craig T January | 1997 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology1997，，3： | 2 |
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