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| 1 | 他汀、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与冠状动脉粥样硬化消退显示文摘背景:他汀类药物可以降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low—density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL—C)水平并减缓冠状动脉粥样硬化的进展。然而,对于他汀类药物所致高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high—density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL—C)变化与疾病进展的关系,目前仍无相关数据描述。目的:了解LDL—C和HDL—C水平变化与动脉粥样硬化的相互关系。设计、地点及患者:对4项前瞻性随机试验(1999~2005年在美国、北美、欧洲和澳大利亚进行)的原始数据进行事后分析。其中1455例经血管造影证实的冠心病患者在接受他汀治疗(18个月或24个月)时进行了系列血管内超声扫描。所有超声分析均在相同的核心实验室中进行。主要观测指标:脂蛋白水平变化与冠状动脉粥样斑块体积的相互关系。结果:他汀治疗期间,LDL—C平均(SD)水平从124.0(38.3)mg,/dL(3.2[0.99]mmol/L)降至87.5(28.8)mg,/dL(2.3[0.75]mmol/L)(下降23.5%;P〈0.001),HDL—C水平从42.5(11.0)mg/dL(1.1[0.28]mmol/L)升至45.1(11.4)mg/dL(1.2[0.29]mmol/L)(上升7.5%;P〈0.001)。LDL—C与HDL—C比值从平均(SD)3.0(1.1)降至2.1(0.9)(下降26.7%;P〈0.001)。这些变化同时伴随平均(SD)百分粥样斑块体积的增加(从39.7%[9.8%]增至40.1%[9.7%])(增加0.5%[3.9%];P=0.001)以及平均(SD)总粥样斑块体积的减小(2.4[23.6]mm^3;P〈0.001)。在单变量分析中,LDL—C、总胆固醇、非HDL胆固醇、载脂蛋白B以及载脂蛋白B与载脂蛋白A-1比值平均水平和治疗引起的变化与动脉粥样硬化进展速率显著相关,而治疗所致HDL—C变化则与动脉粥样斑块体积负相关。在多变量分析中,平均LDL—C水平(β系数,0.11[95%可信区间,0.07~0.15])以及HDL—C升高(β系数,-0.26[95%可信区间,-0.41--0.10])依然为动脉粥样硬化消退的独立预测因子。动脉硬化显著消退(动脉粥样斑块体积减少≥5%)见于治疗期间LDL—C水平低于均值(87.5mg/dL)和HDL—C升高百分比大于均值(7.5%;P〈0.001)的患者。临床事件的发生未见显著差异。结论:在LDL—C显著降低以及HDL上升〉7.5%时,他汀治疗与冠状动脉粥样硬化消退相关。这些结果提示他汀治疗的获益源自致动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白的降低以及HDL.C的升高。尽管血脂水平的这些变化与动脉粥样硬化消退相关,但是后者是否可以转化为临床事件的显著减少,并改善临床预后仍有待进一步研究确定。 | Stephen J. Nicholls, MBBS, PhD E. Murat Tuzcu, MD IIke Sipahi, MD Adam W. Grasso, MD Paul Schoenhagen, MD Tingfei Hu, MS Kathy Wolski, MPH Tim Crowe, BS Milind Y. Desai, MD Stanley L. Hazen, MD, PhD Samir R. Kapadia, MD Steven E. Nissen, MD 李呈亿(译) | 2007 | 美国医学会杂志(中文版)2007，26，3： | 48 |
| 2 | 卒中一级预防指南 美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗卫生专业人员制定的指南美国神经病学学会肯定本指南作为神经科医生继续教育工具的价值显示文摘背景和目的本指南对各种已确定和新出现的卒中危险因素的证据进行概述,以提供降低首次卒中风险的循证推荐。方法写作组成员由委员会主席根据每位成员先前在相关课题领域中的工作提名,并经美国心脏协会(American HeartAssociation,AHA)卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会批准。写作组采用系统文献回顾的方法(涵盖时间为2006年上一次回顾发表到2009年4月),参考先前已发表的指南、个人文件和专家意见来总结现有证据,并指出现有知识的差距;如果合适,则根据标准的AHA标准做出推荐。写作组全体成员均有机会对推荐进行评论并审核这份声明的最终文本。在AHA科学咨询和协调委员会考察和批准之前,本指南已南卒中委员会领导层和AIIA科学声明督察委员会进行过广泛的同行评议。结果对评价个体首次卒巾风险的流程图进行了评价。根据干预的町能性(不可于预、可于预或潜在可干预)和证据的强度(证据充分或证据不太充分),对首次卒中的危险因素或风险标记物进行分类。不可干预危险因素包括年龄、性别、低出生体质量、人种/种族和遗传倾向。证据充分的叮干预危险因素包括高血压、吸烟、糖尿病、心房颤动和某些其他心脏病、血脂异常、颈动脉狭窄、镰状细胞病、绝经后激素治疗、不良饮食习惯、体力活动过少以及肥胖和体脂分布。证据不太充分或潜在的可干预危险因素包括代谢综合征、酗酒、药物滥用、口服避孕药、睡眠呼吸障碍、偏头痛、高同型半胱氨酸血症、脂蛋白(a)升高、高凝状态、炎症和感染。对用阿司匹林进行卒中一级预防的资料进行了回顾。结论多方面的证据可用于确定能增高首次卒中风险的多种具体因素并提供降低这种风险的策略。 | Larry B. Goldstein Cheryl D. Bushnell Robert J. Adams Lawrence J. Appel Lynne T. Braun Seemant Chaturvedi Mark A. Creager Antonio Culebras Robert H. Eckel Robert G. Hart Judith A. Hinchey Virginia J. Howard Edward C. Jauch Steven R. Levine James F. Meschia Wesley S. Moore J.V. (Ian) Nixon Thomas A. Pearson 张霞(译) 尤寿江(译) 陈孝东(译) 卢涛声(译) 石际俊(译) 曹勇军(译) 徐兴顺(译) | 2010 | 国际脑血管病杂志2010，18，12： | 12 |
| 3 | Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association显示文摘 | Larry B. Goldstein Cheryl D. Bushnell Robert J. Adams Lawrence J. Appel Lynne T. Braun Seemant Chaturvedi Mark A. Creager Antonio Culebras Robert H. Eckel Robert G. Hart Judith A. Hinchey Virginia J. Howard Edward C. Jauch Steven R. Levine James F. Meschi | 2011 | Stroke2011，，2： | 6 |
| 4 | 美国国家卒中协会短暂性脑缺血发作处理指南显示文摘目的:短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)是常见和重要的卒中先兆。其处理方法多样,大多数发表的指南在近年来均未被更新。我们试图制定一个全面的、无偏倚的、循证的TIA处理指南。方法:根据一种客观标准(可以预测在该研究领域中执业医师对专家提名的文献测量学方法)挑选出15名专家组成员。通过系统回顾检索到过去发表的指南,由专家对其中的推荐意见的质量进行独立评价。选择出质量最高的推荐意见,然后让专家组采用改良Delphi法通过多次问卷调查的方式进行修订,从而对新的修改达成共识。给专家们提供近期临床研究的系统评价,要求专家根据新的证据判断措辞修改的合理性并且根据证据等级和质量对最终的推荐意见进行评定。不允许专家在预期有可能存在任何利益冲突的专题方面提出推荐意见。结果:通过系统回顾检索到257个指南,其中有13篇文献包括的137条推荐意见符合所有纳入标准。需要6次重复的问卷调查对53条最终推荐意见的措辞达成共识。最终的推荐意见涉及TIA的初步处理、评价、内科治疗、外科治疗和危险因素控制。结论:对TIA患者医疗诊治的最终推荐意见强调了紧急评价和治疗的重要性。这种用于制定本指南的新方法是可行的,考虑到了快速更新并能减少偏倚。 | S. Claiborne Johnston Mai N. Nguyen-Huynh Miriam E. Schwarz Kate Fuller Christina Williams S. Andrew Josephsort Graeme J. Hankey Robert G. Hart Steven R. Levine Jose Biller Robert D. Brown Ralph L. Sacco L. Jaap Kappelle Peter J. Koudstaal Julien Bogousslavsky Louis R. Caplan Jan van Gijn Ale Algra Peter M. Rothwell Harold P. Adams Gregory W. Albers 李海峰(译) | 2007 | 国际脑血管病杂志2007，15，3： | 5 |
| 5 | Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2009 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee显示文摘 | Donald Lloyd-Jones Robert Adams Mercedes Carnethon Giovanni De Simone T Bruce Ferguson Katherine Flegal Earl Ford Karen Furie Alan Go Kurt Greenlund Nancy Haase Susan Hailpern Michael Ho Virginia Howard Brett Kissela Steven Kittner Daniel Lackland Lynda L | 2009 | Circulation2009，，3： | 4 |
| 6 | Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2006 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee显示文摘 | Thomas Thom Nancy Haase Wayne Rosamond Virginia J. Howard John Rumsfeld Teri Manolio Zhi-Jie Zheng Katherine Flegal Christopher O’Donnell Steven Kittner Donald Lloyd-Jones David C. Goff Yuling Hong Robert Adams Gary Friday Karen Furie Philip Gorelick Bret | 2006 | Circulation2006，，6： | 3 |
| 7 | Survival after inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer in the Colon Cancer Family Registry显示文摘AIM: To investigate the survival of individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-associated CRC) compared to that of individuals without IBD diagnosed with CRC. METHODS: Epidemiologic, clinical, and follow-up data were obtained from the Colon Cancer Family Registry (Colon CFR). IBD-associated cases were identified from self-report of physician diagnosis. For a subset of participants, medical records were examined to confirm self-report of IBD. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95%CI of mortality, comparing IBD-associated to non-IBD-associated CRC, adjusted for age at CRC diagnosis, sex, Colon CFR phase, and number of prior endoscopies. Following imputation to complete CRC stage information, adjustment for CRC stage was examined. RESULTS: A total of 7202 CRC cases, including 250 cases of IBD-associated CRC, were analyzed. Over a twelve year follow-up period following CRC diagnosis, 2013 and 74 deaths occurred among non-IBD associated CRC and IBD-associated CRC patients, respectively. The difference in survival between IBD-associated and non-IBD CRC cases was not statistically significant (aHR = 1.08; 95%CI: 0.85-1.36). However, the assumption of proportional hazards necessary for valid inference from Cox regression was not met over the entire follow-up period, and we therefore limited analyses to within five years after CRC diagnosis when the assumption of proportional hazards was met. Over this period, there was evidence of worse prognosis for IBD-associated CRC (aHR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.05-1.76). Results were similar when adjusted for CRC stage, or restricted to IBD confirmed in medical records. CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that IBD-associated CRC has a worse prognosis than non-IBD-associated CRC. | Scott V Adams Dennis J Ahnen John A Baron Peter T Campbell Steven Gallinger William M Grady Loic LeMarchand Noralane M Lindor John D Potter Polly A Newcomb | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，21： | 2 |
| 8 | Adipocyte iron regulates adiponectin and insulin sensitivity显示文摘 | Gabrielsen J Scott Gao Yan Simcox Judith A Huang Jingyu Thorup David Jones Deborah Cooksey Robert C Gabrielsen David Adams Ted D Hunt Steven C Hopkins Paul N Cefalu William T McClain Donald A | 2012 | EN2012，，10： | 2 |
| 9 | A single nucleotide polymorphism in the first intron of the human IFN-γ gene:显示文摘 | Vera Pravica Chris Perrey Adam Stevens Jar-How Lee Ian V Hutchinson | 2000 | Human Immunology2000，，9： | 2 |
| 10 | Comparison of the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study Equations: Risk Factors for and Complications of CKD and Mortality in the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP)显示文摘 | Lesley A. Stevens Suying Li Manjula Kurella Tamura Shu-Cheng Chen Joseph A. Vassalotti Keith C. Norris Adam T. Whaley-Connell George L. Bakris Peter A. McCullough | 2011 | American Journal of Kidney Diseases2011，，3： | 2 |
| 11 | Adherence to PIOPED ll investigators' recommendations for computed tomography pul- monary angiography显示文摘 | Adams DM Stevens SM Woller SC | 2013 | Amer J Med2013，126，1： | 1 |
| 12 | 2012 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guideline for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Updating the 2007 Guideline and Replacing the 2011 Focused Update)显示文摘 | Hani Jneid Jeffrey L. Anderson R. Scott Wright Cynthia D. Adams Charles R. Bridges Donald E. Casey Steven M. Ettinger Francis M. Fesmire Theodore G. Ganiats A. Michael Lincoff Eric D. Peterson George J. Philippides Pierre Theroux Nanette K. Wenger James P | 2012 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2012，，7： | 1 |
| 13 | Endogenous Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Slows Gastric Emptying in Healthy Subjects, Attenuating Postprandial Glycemia显示文摘 | Adam M. Deane Nam Q. Nguyen Julie E. Stevens Robert J. L. Fraser Richard H. Holloway Laura K. Besanko Carly Burgstad Karen L. Jones Marianne J. Chapman Chris K. Rayner Michael Horowitz | 2010 | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism2010，，1： | 1 |
| 14 | 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction显示文摘 | R. Scott Wright Jeffrey L. Anderson Cynthia D. Adams Charles R. Bridges Donald E. Casey Steven M. Ettinger Francis M. Fesmire Theodore G. Ganiats Hani Jneid A. Michael Lincoff Eric D. Peterson George J. Philippides Pierre Theroux Nanette K. Wenger James P | 2011 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2011，，19： | 1 |
| 15 | International Equity and Differentiation in Global Warming Policy显示文摘 | Adam Rose Brandt Stevens Jae Edmonds Marshall Wise | 1998 | Environmental and Resource Economics1998，，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement with a Self-Expanding Prosthesis显示文摘 | David H. Adams Jeffrey J. Popma Michael J. Reardon Steven J. Yakubov Joseph S. Coselli G. Michael Deeb Thomas G. Gleason Maurice Buchbinder James Hermiller Neal S. Kleiman Stan Chetcuti John Heiser William Merhi George Zorn Peter Tadros Newell Robinson Ge | 2014 | The New England Journal of Medicine2014，，19： | 1 |
| 17 | Prediction of cochlear implant performance by genetic mutation: The spiral ganglion hypothesis显示文摘 | Robert W. Eppsteiner A. Eliot Shearer Michael S. Hildebrand Adam P. DeLuca Haihong Ji Camille C. Dunn Elizabeth A. Black-Ziegelbein Thomas L. Casavant Terry A. Braun Todd E. Scheetz Steven E. Scherer Marlan R. Hansen Bruce J. Gantz Richard J.H. Smith | 2012 | Hearing Research (-)2012，，1： | 1 |
| 18 | The changing maternal 'self' hypothesis: a mechanism for maternal tolerance of the fetus显示文摘 | Adams KM Yan Z Stevens AM | 2007 | Placenta2007，28，56： | 1 |
| 19 | Diabetic Foot Disorders: A Clinical Practice Guideline (2006 Revision)显示文摘 | Robert G. Frykberg Thomas Zgonis David G. Armstrong Vickie R. Driver John M. Giurini Steven R. Kravitz Adam S. Landsman Lawrence A. Lavery J. Christopher Moore John M. Schuberth Dane K. Wukich Charles Andersen John V. Vanore | 2006 | The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery2006，，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Control of robotic vehicles with actively articulated suspensions in rough terrain显示文摘 | Karl I Adam R Steven D | 2003 | Autonomous Robots2003，14，1： | 1 |
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