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| 1 | 等轴球晶凝固多相体系内热溶质对流、补缩流及晶粒运动的数值模拟 Ⅱ.模型的应用显示文摘利用等轴球晶三相凝固模型模拟了A356铝合金半固态浆料冷却斜槽法制备过程,研究了晶粒密度、尺寸及固相分数的分布与工艺参数的关系.结果表明,在斜槽浇注处晶粒形核密度最大,在斜槽末端晶粒尺寸、固相分数最大,在铸型中这三者的最终分布大致均匀.适当降低浇注温度有助于提高斜槽上形核密度和固相分数及降低晶粒尺寸.此外,还模拟了热溶质对流及补缩流在Al-4%Cu(质量分数)合金等轴球晶凝固过程所起的作用,以及晶粒运动及补缩流对合金自由表面和宏观偏析形成的影响.结果表明,凝固初期热对流及补缩流为主导,凝固中期热溶质对流为主导,凝固后期补缩流为主导;晶粒运动受阻程度直接影响自由表面形状,补缩流考虑与否导致完全不同的宏观偏析图.实验测得晶粒尺寸与模拟结果分布较相似,但其绝对值存在较大差异. | 王同敏 李廷举 曹志强 金俊泽 T Grimmig A Bührig-Polaczek M Wu A Ludwig | 2006 | 金属学报2006，42，6： | 7 |
| 2 | Carbon dioxide accumulation during analgosedated colonoscopy: Comparison of propofol and midazolam显示文摘AIM: To characterize the profiles of alveolar hypoventilation during colonoscopies performed under sedoanalgesia with a combination of alfentanil and either midazolam or propofol. METHODS: Consecutive patients undergoing routine colonoscopy were randomly assigned to sedation with either propofol or midazolam in an open-labeled design using a titration scheme. All patients received 4 μg/kg per body weight alfentanil for analgesia and 3 L of supplemental oxygen. Oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) was measured by pulse oximetry (POX), and capnography (PcCO 2 ) was continuously measured using a combined dedicated sensor at the ear lobe. Instances of apnea resulting in measures such as stimulation of the patient, a chin lift, a mask maneuver, or withholding of sedation were recorded. PcCO 2 values (as a parameter of sedation-induced hypoventilation) were compared between groups at the following distinct time points: baseline, maximal rise, termination of the procedure and 5 min after termination of the procedure. The number of patients in both study groups who regained baseline PcCO 2 values (± 1.5 mmHg) five minutes after the procedure was determined.RESULTS: A total of 97 patients entered this study. The data from 14 patients were subsequently excluded for clinical procedure-related reasons or for technical problems. Therefore, 83 patients (mean age 62 ± 13 years) were successfully randomized to receive propofol (n = 42) or midazolam (n = 41) for sedation. Most of the patients were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Ⅱ [16 (38%) in the midazolam group and 15 (32%) in the propofol group] and ASA Ⅲ [14 (33%) and 13 (32%) in the midazolam and propofol groups, respectively]. A mean dose of 5 (4-7) mg of Ⅳ midazolam and 131 (70-260) mg of Ⅳ propofol was used during the procedure in the corresponding study arms. The mean SpO 2 at baseline (%) was 99 ± 1 for the midazolam group and 99 ± 1 for the propofol group. No cases of hypoxemia (SpO 2 < 85%) or apnea were recorded. However, an increase in PcCO 2 that indicated alveolar hypoventilation occurred in both groups after administration of the first drug and was not detected with pulse oximetry alone. The mean interval between the initiation of sedation and the time when the PcCO 2 value increased to more than 2 mmHg was 2.8 ± 1.3 min for midazolam and 2.8 ± 1.1 min for propofol. The mean maximal rise was similar for both drugs: 8.6 ± 3.7 mmHg for midazolam and 7.4 ± 3.2 mmHg for propofol. Five minutes after the end of the procedure, the mean difference from the baseline values was significantly lower for the propofol treatment compared with midazolam (0.9 ± 3.0 mmHg vs 4.3 ± 3.7 mmHg, P = 0.0000169), and significantly more patients in the propofol group had regained their baseline value ± 1.5 mmHg (32 of 41vs 12 of 42,P = 0.0004). CONCLUSION: A significantly higher number of patients sedated with propofol had normalized PcCO 2 values five minutes after sedation when compared with patients sedated with midazolam. | Ludwig T Heuss Shajan Peter Sugandha Christoph Beglinger | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，38： | 3 |
| 3 | Diffusion Coefficients of Uranium (Ⅵ), Rhenium (Ⅶ) and Technetium (Ⅶ) in Nitric Acid and Tri-Bu-tylphosphate Diluted in Dodecane显示文摘 | Nabeshima M Ludwig R Nguyen T K D | 2000 | Solvent Extr Res Dev2000，7，： | 1 |
| 4 | Influence of autogenousleucocytes and Escherichia coli on sperm motility parameters in vitro显示文摘 | Diemer T Huwe P Ludwig M | 2003 | Andrologia2003，35，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Vacuum-Assisted Closure (VAC) for temporary voverage of soft-Tissue injury in type Ⅲ open fracture of lower extremities显示文摘 | Ludwig L Marius K Otmar T | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 6 | Determination of Mass Transfer Coefficients of ^99Tc(Ⅶ) in Forward Transport in Purex-Relvent Systems by Using Analytical Ultracentrifugation显示文摘 | Ludwig R Nabeshima M Nguyen T K D | 2001 | Radiochim Acta2001，89，： | 1 |
| 7 | Behavior of different molecular-weight fractions of DOC of Elbe River water during riverbank infiltration 显示文摘 | Ludwig U Grischek T Nestler | 1997 | Acta Hydrochim Hydrobiol1997，25，： | 1 |
| 8 | Dynamic file system semantics to enable metadata optimizations in PVFS 显示文摘 | KUHN M KUNKEL J M LUDWIG T | 2009 | Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience2009，21，14： | 1 |
| 9 | Mouse mutant embryos overexpressing IGF-Ⅱ exhibit phenotypie features of the Beekwith-Wiedemann and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndromes显示文摘 | Eggenschwiler J Ludwig T Fisher P | 1997 | Genes Dev1997，11，23： | 1 |
| 10 | New treatment modalities for granuloma faciale显示文摘 | Ludwig E Allam JP Bieber T | 2003 | Br J Dermatol2003，149，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Recent developments in the preparation and properties of nanometer-size spherical and platelet-shaped particles and composite particles 显示文摘 | ADAIR J H LI T KIDO T HAVEY K MOON J MECHOLSKY J MORRONE A TALHAM D R LUDWIG M H WANG L | 1998 | Mater Sci Eng R1998，23，45： | 1 |
| 12 | Postthrombotic syndrome complicating a case of May-Thurner syndrome despite endovascular therapy:case report and review显示文摘 | Ludwig B Han T Amundson D | 2006 | Chest2006，129，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Expression of interleukin- 12-related eytokine transcripts in inflammatory bowel disease: elevated interleukin-23p19 and interleukin-27p28 in Crohn' s disease but not in ulcerative colitis显示文摘 | Schmidt C Giese T Ludwig B | 2005 | Inflamm Bowel Dis2005，11，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Mrp8 and Mrpl4 are endogenous activators of Toll-like receptor 4, promoting lethal, endotoxin-induced shock显示文摘 | Vogl T Tenbrock K Ludwig S | 2007 | Nat Med2007，13，： | 1 |
| 15 | Absence epilepsy and sinus dysrhythmia in mice lacking the pacemaker channel HCN2显示文摘 | Ludwig A Budde T Stieber J | 2003 | Embo J2003，22，： | 1 |
| 16 | Botox, dilation, or myotomy? Clinical outcome of interventional and surgical therapies for achalasia显示文摘 | Christian Alexander Gutschow Ulrich T?x Jessica Leers Hartmut Sch?fer Klaus Ludwig Prenzel Arnulf H. H?lscher | 2010 | Langenbeck’s Archives of Surgery2010，，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Repro- ducibility of 3-dimensional ultrasound readings of vol- ume of carotid atherosclerotic plaque 显示文摘 | Ludwig M Zielinski T Schremmer D | 2008 | Cardiovasc Ul- trasound2008，6，： | 1 |
| 18 | Inhibition of fungal growth by plant chitinases and 13 - 1,3 - glucanases : a mor- phological study 显示文摘 | Arlofio M Ludwig A Boller T | 1992 | Protoplasma1992，171，： | 1 |
| 19 | Transradial approach for coronary angiop lasty in the setting of acute myocardial infarction : a dual center registry显示文摘 | Louvard Y Ludwig J Lefevre T | 2002 | Catheter Cardiovasc Interv2002，55，： | 1 |
| 20 | Calcium-dependent protein kinases play an essential role in plant defense response 显示文摘 | Romeis T Ludwig A Martin R | 2001 | EM- BO J2001，20，20： | 1 |
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