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| 1 | Occurrences of Permian radiolarians in central and eastern Nei Mongol(Inner Mongolia) and their geological significance to the Northern China Orogen显示文摘The Zhesi (Jisu) Formation of the Middle Per- mian in Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia) was commonly con- sidered to be a shallow marine sequence. Here I report the radiolarians found in the argillite bed of that formation in Zhesi and Xilinhot areas. This fact indicates a deep marine sedimentary facies persisted during the Middle Permian, and suggests that the ocean between the North China Block and Siberian Craton was not closed until the Late Guadalupian. The suture of this two blocks is probably extends along the Linxi ophiolite belt, south of the Hegenshan ophiolite belt. | SHANG Qinghua Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China | 2004 | Chinese Science Bulletin2004，49，24： | 44 |
| 2 | Reconstructing mean maximum temperature of growing season from the maximum density of the Schrenk Spruce in Yili,Xinjiang,China显示文摘To study the historical temperature variation in Yili of Xinjiang,the tree-ring chronologies of maximum density(MXD) and tree-ring width(TRW) were established with the Schrenk Spruce(Picea schrenkiana Fisch.et Mey) collected from six sites to analyze the characteristics and ability of response to climate change.The results suggest that the MXD chronology of the Schrenk Spruce from different sampling sites responded to climate change well and were positively correlated with the mean maximum temperature and the mean temperature from April to August in the study area.The mean maximum temperature anomaly from April to August,spanning the years from 1848 to 2000,was reconstructed by three MXD chronologies which were selected by stepwise regression.The reconstructed function was stable and explained 56.2% of the variance.The reconstructed results indicated a cold span of 153 years in spring and summer from the beginning of the 1950s to the beginning of the 1970s in the Yili valley.No strongly increasing tendency was detected in the mean maximum temperature anomaly from April to August during this reconstructed period. | CHEN Jin1,2,3,WANG LiLi1,4,5,ZHU HaiFeng1 & WU Pu1 1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China 3 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China 4 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China 5 Institute of Desert and Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,ürümqi 830002,China | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，13： | 21 |
| 3 | Biostratigraphy of Triassic Marine Reptiles in Southwest Guizhou and Its Adjacent Area显示文摘This paper briefly reviews the Triassic marine reptile fossils inGuizhou Province, especially the fossils that have been recently found in the Guanling area. Based on three sections at Guanling and Xingyi, Guizhou Province and Luoping, Yunnan Province, four horizons with vertebrate fossils are recognized in the Middle and Upper Triassic of this area; They are from bottom to top: Member I and Member Ⅱ of the Guanling Formation, and the Zhuganpo Member and the Wayao Member of the Falang Formation. | WANG Liting, LI Jinling, WANG Xinjin, LI Chun,WU Tianzhuang and LIU Jun Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Guizhou ProvinceGuiyang 550004 Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044 Guizhou Museum, Guiyang 550004 | 2001 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2001，75，4： | 17 |
| 4 | Sinobaatar gen. nov.: First multituberculate from the Jehol Biota of Liaoning,Northeast China显示文摘A multituberculate skeleton from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Dawangzhangzi, Lingyuan City, Liaoning Province, Northeast China, provides new morphological information for early multituberculates. The specimen is the holotype of Sinobaatar lingyuanensis gen. et sp. nov. It has a narrow skull that lacks the superorbital crest or postorbital process. The dental formula is 3·?·5·2/1·0·3·2. The dental morphology, especially that of cheek teeth, of S. lingyuanensis is similar to that of Eobaatar, which places it in the family Eobaataridae. The postcranial skeleton of Sinobaatar is similar to that of other multituberculates. As in Holotheria, Metatarsal V of Sinobaatar articulates only with the cuboid and has no contact with the calcaneus, which probably represents the primitive condition of multituberculates. Nine carpals of Sinobaatar resemble those of Zhang-heotherium, except the centrale being larger than the trape-zoid. The dental features of Sinobaatar show again that eo-baatarids are | HU Yaoming & WANG YuanqingInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10044, China American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA Biology Program (Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavio | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，11： | 17 |
| 5 | First Record of Protorosaurid Reptile (Order Protorosauria) from the Middle Triassic of China显示文摘A new genus and species of the family Tanystropheidae, Dinocephalosaurus orientalis gen. et sp. nov., isdescribed based on a nearly complete skull. This is the first record of the order Protorosauria from China. It also representsthe only known occurrence of Tanystropheidae outside Europe, the Middle East and North America. Dinocephalosaurus isquite similar to Tanystropheus from Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland. Primarily it is distinguished from Tanystropheus inthe shape of the premaxilla, maxilla, jugal and parietal. Although the family Tanystropheidae is now referred to the orderProtorosauria, the new material from China indicates that the archosauromorph affinities of tanystropheids need furtherinvestigation. The discovery of Dinocephalosaurus provides new clues for the study of the evolution and radiation ofProtorosauria and Tanystropheidae. It is also important for the study of the eastern Tethyan Fauna and thepaleobiogeographical relationship between Europe and southern China in the Triassic. | LI ChunInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044 | 2003 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2003，77，4： | 17 |
| 6 | A new iguanodontid (Jin-zhousaurus yangi gen.et sp.nov.) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning,China显示文摘A new iguanodontid, Jinzhousaurus yangi gen. et sp. nov., is erected based on the cranial and dental morphology of a specimen from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning. Although a few primitive characteristics remain, Jinzhousaurus yangi display a number of characteristics similar to those seen in derived iguanodontids. Other interesting characteristics include the absence of antorbital fenestra and the frontal excluded from the participation in orbit, which are closer to the condition in hadrosaurids. The unusual combination of the characteristics provides important data for assessing morphological evolution toward hadrosaurs. The new discovery also represents the first reported large-sized dinosaur from Jehol fauna in western Liaoning, and increases the diversity of this famous fauna. Furthermore, the discovery of a derived iguanodontid from the Yixian Formation provides further evidence supporting a Cretaceous age of the Jehol fauna, which is consistent with an isotopic age. | WANG Xiaolin & XU Xing1. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China 2. College of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geo-sciences, Beijing 100083, China | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，19： | 17 |
| 7 | Discovery of a pterodactylid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning,China显示文摘A well-preserved pterosaur with nearly complete skull is described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Sihetun in western Liaoning. It is characterized by a low and long crestless skull, slender and pointed teeth, long metacarpal, nearly equal length of metatarsals I -III and short pedal digit V. It is referred to a new genus and species of the family Pterodactylidae: Haopterus gracilis gen. et sp. nov. This is the first pterosaur with a nearly complete skull from the Jehol Biota; it also represents the first non-controversial fossil record of Pterodactylidae in Asia. Haopterus is more derived than Pterodactylus from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen in Germany. This discovery extends the distribution of the family Pterodactylidae from Europe and Africa to Asia and its latest occurrence from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. The discovery of Haopterus gracilis provides further evidence for the study of the originand radiation of the Jehol Biota; it also sheds new light on the evolution and | WANG Xiaolin & LU Junchang1. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China 2. College of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geo-sciences, Beijing 100083, China 3. Department of Geological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，13： | 17 |
| 8 | Sauropterygian from Triassic of Guizhou,China显示文摘A new sauropterygian, Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis, is described on the basis of a well-preserved skull from the Late Triassic Wayao Member of Falang Formation, Guizhou Province, southwestern China. It is ascribed to Eusauropterygia because it possesses the following characters: the rostrum is mainly composed by the premaxillae; the nasals are small,paired and separated from one another by the premaxillae; the external nares are close to the orbits; and the frontals are fused. Anshunsaurus differs from other Triassic sauropterygians in its large size, long rostrum and the supratemporal fenestrae slightly smaller than orbits. It is further considered to be closely related to Pistosaurus on the basis of the nasals contact with the prefrontals; large pineal foramen, lain in the anterior part of the parietal table; the squamosals not in contact posterior to the supratemporal fenestra. The discovery of Anshunsaurus with the ichthyosaurs in the same locality indicates a new assemblage of Triassic marine | LIU JunInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100044, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，14： | 15 |
| 9 | Vertebrate diversity of the Jehol Biota as compared with other lagersttten显示文摘In the last twenty years,the extraordinary discoveries of vertebrate fossils from the Jehol Biota not only have important impli-cations for studying the evolution of major Mesozoic vertebrate groups,their paleobiostratigraphy and paleoenvironmentology,but also provide critical evidence for understanding the biodiversity changes of the Early Cretaceous ecosystem.Currently,the Jehol Biota in a narrow sense(i.e.,distribution limited to western Liaoning,northern Hebei,and southeastern Inner Mongolia) comprises a vertebrate assemblage of at least 121 genera and 142 species.Among them are 13 genera and 15 species of mammals,33 genera and 39 species of birds,30 genera and 35 species of dinosaurs,17 genera and species of pterosaurs,5 genera and species of squamates,5 genera and 7 species of choristoderes,2 genera and species of turtles,8 genera and species of am-phibians,7 genera and 13 species of fishes as well as 1 genus and species of agnathan.All these known 121 genera are extinct forms,and only a small percentage of them(e.g.,agnathans,some fishes and amphibians) can be referred to extant families.The Jehol vertebrate diversity already exceeds that of the contemporaneous lagersttten such as Santana Fauna from Brazil and the Las Hoyas Fauna from Spain,and is nearly as great as that of the Jurassic Solnhofen Fauna and the Eocene Messel Fauna from Germany.Therefore,The Jehol Biota undoubtedly represents a world class lagerst?tte in terms of both fossil preservation and vertebrate diversity.The success of the Jehol vertebrate diversity had a complex biological,geological,and paleoenviron-mental background.Analysis of the habitat and diet of various vertebrate groups also indicates that the habitat and dietary dif-ferentiation had played a key role in the success of the taxonomic diversity of vertebrates of various ranks.Furthermore,the interactions among vertebrates,plants,and invertebrates as well as the competitions among various vertebrate groups and some key morphological innovations also contributed to the success of the Jehol vertebrate diversity. | ZHOU ZhongHe* & WANG Yuan Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，12： | 14 |
| 10 | Liaoxiornis delicatus gen.et sp.nov.,the smallest Mesozoic bird显示文摘Recently, a very small and complete bird specimen was collected from the Confuciusornis-bearing Yixian Formation. This finding represents a new kind of Mesozoic bird, named Liaoxiornis delicatus. It is characterized by a short skull with teeth, a long neck and a very small sternum with only posterior process; the humeral head is not internally curved, and the hindlimbs are longer than the forelimbs. Liaoxiomis delicatus is not only much smaller than Confuciusornis, but also smaller than Cathayomis and other early Cretaceous birds. It is the smallest bird known from Mesozoic deposit. Liaoxiornis provides new evidence indicating that the early adaptive radiation of birds is complicated. | HOU Lianhai and CHEN Peiji Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100044, China Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，9： | 13 |
| 11 | Ichthyosaur from Guizhou,China显示文摘A new ichthyosaur is named and described on the basis of two well-preserved skeletonsfrom the Late Triassic Wayao Member of Falang Formation, Guizhou Province, southwesternChina. The specimens represent a Iongipinnate ichthyosaur with a set of characters transitionalfrom the Triassic forms to the Jurassic forms. It is similar to shastasaurids of the Triassicin the relative size and shape of the limbs but resembles Ophthalmosaurus and Baptanodon ofthe Jurassic in the shape of the skull. The new taxon differs from all other ichthyosaurs found inChina in its unusual large orbit, distinct rostrum, and the hind limbs, that are slightly strongerthan the fore ones. | LI ChunInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100044, China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，14： | 13 |
| 12 | A carinate bird from the Upper Jurassic of western Liaoning, China显示文摘AFTER the publication of the fossil bird Confuciusorins, additional skeletons of fossil birds have been found by Hou Lianhai, Hu Yaoming, Wang Ping, Gu Yucai and Sun Yutie in the Yixian Formation of Beipiao, Liaoning Province. The new locality is about 3 km southwest of that of Confuciusorins. Among those specimens were two of Confuciusorins and two new birds. A well-developed carina was found on the smallest specimen, a feature not found in the Jurassic birds, such as Archaeopteryx and Confuciusorins. The new Jurassic fossil bird is described in the present note. | HOU LianhaiInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China | 1997 | Chinese Science Bulletin1997，42，5： | 13 |
| 13 | Revisiting the origin of modern humans in China and its implications for global human evolution显示文摘The debates over the origin of modern humans have long been centered on two competing theories:the 'Out-of-Africa'(single-place origin) theory and the 'Multi-regional Evolution' theory.China is an extremely important region where many ancient human fossils were collected along with numerous associated faunal remains and artefacts.These cultural remains,unearthed from different areas in the country and covering a long time span,will help clarify the controversy.The study of cultural materials in China is expected to shed important light on biological evolutionary patterns and social and technical developments of those early humans as well as their environmental conditions.Based on the analysis of Chinese fossils and associated materials,in conjunction with some genetic studies,this paper aims at evaluating each of the two theories in order to stimulate more discussions.Our study suggests that the evolutionary model of 'Continuity with Hybridization' is most relevant in reflecting the current understanding of human evolutionary history in China.Furthermore,we propose that the concept of regional diversity of evolutionary models should be seriously considered to illustrate different evolutionary modes applied to different parts of the world. | GAO Xing1,2*,ZHANG XiaoLing1,2,3,YANG DongYa2,4,SHEN Chen2,5 & WU XinZhi1,2 1 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China 2 Laboratory of Human Evolution,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China 4 Department of Archaeology,Simon Fraser University,Vancouver V5A 1S6,Canada 5 The Royal Ontario Museum,Toronto M5S 2C6,Canada | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，12： | 11 |
| 14 | A new cyamodontoid placodont from Triassic of Guizhou, China显示文摘A new cyamodontoid placodont is named (Pse-phochelys polyosteoderma gen. et. sp. nov.) and described based on a three-dimensionally preserved specimen. The material comes from the Wayao Member of the Falang Formation (Carnian, Late Triassic) in Guizhou Province, southwestern China. The skull of Psephochelys shows a unique combination of characteristics observed in Psepho-derma and Placochelys, and the carapace is diagnostic of a new taxon as well. The ventral dermal armor of Psephochelys differs from all other known cyamodontoids in that it comprises irregular marginal osteoderms in loose contact with each other, and gastralia between them. The cranial suture pattern is in part difficult to analyze due to apparent co-ossification of elements, or poor delimitation of sutures. This affects primarily the demarcation of the nasal from the prefrontal, and the relation between the anterior part of the parietal, posterior ends of the frontals, and postfrontals. However, the postfrontal appears to enter the | LI Chun & O. RieppelInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China The Field Museum, Chicago, II 60605-2496, USA | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，5： | 10 |
| 15 | Growth characteristics and response to climate change of Larix Miller tree-ring in China显示文摘As one of the earliest species used in dendrochronological studies, Larix responds sensitively to climate change. In this study, nine larch species and one variety from eleven sites were collected to study the growth characteristics of tree-ring width using dendrochronological methods. Ten residual tree-ring chronologies were developed to analyze their relationships with regional standardized anomaly series by Pearson’s correlation analysis. The results suggest that most of the chronologies had significantly positive correlations with the mean temperature and mean maximum temperature in May. The spring temperature evidently limited the radial growth of the larch species without precipitation control. The largest mean tree-ring width was found in Himalayan Larch in Jilong, whereas Master Larch in Si’er reflected the smallest mean value. Both species presented little climate information in this study. Chinese, Potanin, and Tibetan larches are significantly correlated with climate change, implying a huge potential for climate history reconstruction. The elevation of the sampling sites appears to be an important condition for tree-ring growth of larches responding to climate factors. | SUN Yu1,4, WANG LiLi1,2,3, CHEN Jin5, DUAN JianPing1,4, SHAO XueMei1,2 & CHEN KeLong6 1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China 3 Institute of Desert and Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, China 4 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 5 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China 6 School of Life and Geography Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，6： | 8 |
| 16 | A new species of Macrocnemus (Reptilia: Protorosauria) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its palaeogeographical implication显示文摘A new species of the terrestrial protorosaur Macrocnemus is briefly described and named Macrocne-mus fuyuanensis sp. nov. The specimen was found from the marine Triassic of Yunnan Province, southwestern China. It differs from the type species M. bassanii in having the following characters: (1) 17 or 18 dorsal vertebrae; (2) relatively long humerus; and (3) femur longer than tibia. M. fuyuanensis is the only record of the genus outside Monte San Giorgio area and the first definite terrestrial reptile found from the marine Triassic of China. The age of the fossil-bearing Zhuganpo Member of the Falang Formation is believed to be the Ladinian based on associated vertebrate fauna. The existence of Mac-rocnemus in the limestone suggests the presence of a terrestrial ecosystem which probably originated from the Anisian and well developed in the Ladinian in this region. The island system along the north-coast of Tethyan during the Triassic was probably an important route for the exchanges of reptiles, especially the terrestrial reptiles between the west and east. | LI Chun1, ZHAO LiJun2 & WANG LiTing3 1 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China 2 Zhejiang Museum of Nature History, Hangzhou 310012, China 3 Geological Survey of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550005, China | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，11： | 7 |
| 17 | Earliest Asian discoglossid frog from western Liaoning显示文摘Based on a superbly preserved skeleton, a new anuran taxon has been named and described from the Yixian Formation (Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous), Liaoning Province,northeastern China. This discovery documents the first discoglossid fossil from China, the earliest record of the group in Asia, and the only second Mesozoic discoglossid known from fully articulated material in the world. The family Discoglossidae is widely perceived as a primitive anuran group, but has no definite fossils found in collaboration with their recent distribution in Asia.The new discovery from Liaoning extends the temporal range of the group in Asia back at least 120 million years, and provides valuable fossil material for study of anatomical details of early discoglossids, as well as of historical distribution of this primitive anuran group. | WANG Yuan and GAO Keqin Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100044, China Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, NY 10024, USA | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，7： | 7 |
| 18 | A New Genus of Psittacosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) and the Origin and Early Evolution of Marginocephalian Dinosaurs显示文摘An almost complete juvenile dinosaur skull with lower jaw was discovered from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Beipiao, Liaoning Province, China. Here, the specimen is described and a cladistic analysis is performed in order to find its phylogenetic relationships. The result shows that this specimen represents a new genus of Psittacosauridae, Hongshanosaurus houi, gen. et sp. nov., and confirms the monophyletic status for Ceratopsia and Marginocephalia. However, Heterodontosaurus is found to be the sister taxon to Marginocephalia, rather than a basal Omithopoda. | YOU Hailu Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037XU Xing and WANG XiaolinInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044 | 2003 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2003，77，1： | 6 |
| 19 | A new pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea, Tapejaridae) from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning, China and its implications for biostratigraphy显示文摘In this article we describe a new and excep-tionally well-preserved pterodactyloid pterosaur, Sinopterus dongi gen. et sp. nov. from the Jiufotang Formation in west-ern Liaoning Province of northeast China. The new species is referred to the family Tapejaridae, representing its first re-cord outside Brazil. It also represents the earliest occurrence as well as the most complete skeleton of the family. Some revisions are made about the family according to the mor-phological observations of the postcranial bones of Sinop-terus. Two pterosaur assemblages appear to have existed in the Jehol Group, represented by the lower Yixian Formation and upper Jiufotang Formation, respectively. The lower pterosaur assemblage shows some resemblance to that of the Late Jurassic in Solnhofen (Tithonian) by sharing members of the Pterodactylidae and Anurognathidae. The upper one shows more resemblance to that of the Early Cretaceous Santana Formation (Aptian/Albian) by comprising only pterodactyloids such as the Tapejaridae. The age of the Yixian Formation is younger than that of the Solnhofen lithographic limestone, and the age of the Jiufotang Forma-tion (Aptian) is slightly older than the Santana Formation. | WANG Xiaolin & ZHOU Zhonghe Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China Correspondence should be addressed to Wang Xiaolin (e-mail: xlinwang @263.net) | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，1： | 6 |
| 20 | Archaeological study of ostrich eggshell beads collected from SDG site显示文摘Ostrich eggshell beads and fragments collected from SDG site reflect primordial art and a kind of symbolic behavior of modern humans. Based on stratigraphic data and OSL dating, these ostrich eggshell beads are probably in Early Holocene (< 10 ka BP). Two different prehistoric manufacturing pathways are usually used in the manufacture of ostrich eggshell beads in Upper Paleolithic. According to statistic analysis of the characteristics of ostrich eggshell beads, Pathway 1 is identified from these collections. In pathway 1, blanks are drilled prior to being trimmed to rough discs. They exhibit great potential for the study of the origin of primordial art and the development of ancient cultures and provide important data for studying behavioral options adopted by hominids in SDG area. In addition, they bear important implications for the origin of modern humans in East Asia. | WANG ChunXue1,2,3, ZHANG Yue1,3,4, GAO Xing1,3, ZHANG XiaoLing1,2,3 & WANG HuiMin1,5 1 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China 2 Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 3 Joint Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China 4 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing 210008, China 5 Ningxia Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Yinchuan 750001, China | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，21： | 6 |
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