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| 1 | 美国临床肿瘤学会IV期非小细胞肺癌化疗的临床实践指南更新显示文摘本文旨在为IV期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗提供更新版推荐。本文资料检索源自2002年以来公布的相关随机试验文献。此指南范围限于化疗与生物治疗。更新委员会对这些文献进行了总结并提供了推荐更新。162篇文献符合标准被纳入参考。本推荐基于可改善总生存期的治疗方法。仅改善无进展生存期的治疗方法推动了对毒性及生存质量的监测。对于体力状态评分为0分或1分患者的一线治疗,可推荐以铂类为基础的细胞毒性药物的两药联用。对铂类治疗有禁忌的患者,可采用非铂类细胞毒性两药联合。对于体力状态评分为2分的患者,单一细胞毒性药物即可。对于疾病进展或经过4个周期的治疗仍对治疗无反应的患者,应停止一线细胞毒性化疗。即使在6个周期后患者对治疗仍有反应,亦应停止两药细胞毒性化疗。对于伴有明确的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变的患者,可推荐一线采用吉非替尼治疗;对于EGFR突变为阴性或不明确的患者,细胞毒性化疗更佳。除具有特定临床特征的患者外,可推荐贝伐单抗与卡铂-紫杉醇联用。对于通过免疫组化证实EGFR阳性的肿瘤患者,可推荐西妥昔单抗与顺铂-长春瑞滨联用。多西紫杉醇、厄洛替尼、吉非替尼或培美曲塞被推荐作为二线治疗。对于未曾接受过厄洛替尼或吉非替尼治疗的患者,可推荐厄洛替尼作为三线治疗。现有数据不足以推荐常规三线采用细胞毒性药物。已有的证据也不足以推荐常规应用分子标记物选择化疗。 | Christopher G. AZZOLI Sherman Baker JR Sarah TEMIN William PAO Timothy ALIFF Julie BRAHMER David H. JOHNSON Janessa L. LASKIN Gregory MASTERS Daniel MILTON Luke NORDQUIST David G. PFISTER Steven PIANTADOSI Joan H. SCHILLER Reily SMITH Thomas J. SMITH John R. STRAWN David TRENT Giuseppe GIACCONE 丁燕(翻译) 南娟(翻译) 刘谦(翻译) 周清华(校对) 陈军(校对) | 2010 | 中国肺癌杂志2010，13，3： | 43 |
| 2 | 肺癌危险度与室内氡关系研究:中国两项研究的汇总分析结果显示文摘目的 居室氡暴露是导致肺癌死亡的第二位重要原因,这是地下矿工氧暴露研究的外推结果。本分析就是为了验证此预测的正确性。方法 中国进行的两项居室氡暴露肺癌病例-对照研究共包括1050肺癌病例和1996名对照,把这些数据汇总在一起进行分析。结果 根据线性模型,在95%置信区间情况下,每100Bq/m^3的附加比值比(EOR)为0.133(0.01,0.036)。对在现住所居住30a以上的调查对象进行分析,EOR值为0.315(0.07,0.91)。此估算值与矿工数据外推值及北美和欧洲室内氡研究结果类似。结论 在众多居室中普遍存在的氡浓度长期暴露,会使肺癌危险度增加。 | Jay H.Lubin 王作元 John D.Boice Jr 徐肇翊 William J.Blot 王陇德 Ruth A.Kleinerman | 2003 | 中国辐射卫生2003，12，4： | 13 |
| 3 | Mycophenolate mofetil for drug-induced vanishing bile duct syndrome显示文摘Amoxicillin/clavulanate is associated with liver injury, mostly of a cholestatic pattern. While outcomes are usually benign, progression to cirrhosis and death has been reported. The role of immunosuppressive therapy for patients with a protracted course is unclear. We report the case of an elderly patient who developed prolonged cholestasis secondary to amoxicillin/clavulanate. Vanishing bile duct syndrome was confirmed by sequential liver biopsies. The patient responded to prednisone treatment, but could not be weaned off corticosteroids, even when azathioprine was added. Complete withdrawal of both prednisone and azathioprine was possible by using mycophenolate mofetil, an inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor. Sustained remission has been maintained for more than 3 years with low-dose mycophenolate mofetil. | S Simona Jakab A Brian West Dennis M Meighan Robert S Brown Jr William B Hale | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，45： | 8 |
| 4 | 诊断性试验和策略的证据质量和推荐强度的分级显示文摘GRADE系统能对诊断性试验或策略的证据质量和推荐强度进行分级。本文旨在阐释在此过程中如何考虑患者的重要结局, | Holger J Schünemann Andrew D Oxman Jan Brozek Paul Glasziou Roman Jaeschke Gunn E Vist John W Williams Jr Regina Kunz Jonathan Craig Victor M Montori Patrick Bossuyt Gordon H Guyatt 李晓 黄程 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，5： | 7 |
| 5 | TIMI Frame Count: A Quantitative Method of Assessing Coronary Artery Flow显示文摘 | C. Michael Gibson Christopher P. Cannon William L. Daley Jr Dodge Barbara Alexander Susan J. Marble Carolyn H. McCabe Lori Raymond Terry Fortin W. Kenneth Poole Eugene Braunwald | 1996 | Circulation1996，，5： | 6 |
| 6 | Approach to medical therapy in perianal Crohn’s disease显示文摘Perianal Crohn’s disease remains a challenging condition to treat and can have a substantial negative impact on quality of life.It often requires combined surgical and medical interventions.Anti-tumor necrosis factor(anti-TNF)therapy,including infliximab and adalimumab,remain preferred medical therapies for perianal Crohn’s disease.Infliximab has been shown to be efficacious in improving fistula closure rates in randomized controlled trials.Clinicians can be faced with a number of questions relating to the optimal use of anti-TNF therapy in perianal Crohn’s disease.Specific issues include evaluation for the presence of perianal sepsis,the treatment target of therapy,the ideal time to commence treatment,whether additional medical therapy should be used in conjunction with anti-TNF therapy,and the duration of treatment.This article will discuss key studies which can assist clinicians in addressing these matters when they are considering or have already commenced anti-TNF therapy for the treatment of perianal Crohn’s disease.It will also discuss current evidence regarding the use of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in patients who are failing to achieve a response to anti-TNF therapy for perianal Crohn’s disease.Lastly,new therapies such as local injection of mesenchymal stem cell therapy will be discussed. | Abhinav Vasudevan David H Bruining Edward V Loftus Jr William Faubion Eric C Ehman Laura Raffals | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，25： | 4 |
| 7 | 早产儿视网膜病变早期治疗(ETROP)过程中发生视网膜脱离眼的预后显示文摘研究对象:在早产儿视网膜病变早期治疗(ETROP)研究中因早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)而发生视网膜脱离眼的结构以及功能改变。
研究方法:加入ETROP研究中的新生儿患有双眼高危阈前ROP,随即对其一眼进行早期治疗,另一眼进行传统治疗。只有单眼患病的早产儿。随机对高危阈前ROP眼进行早期治疗或传统治疗。当视网膜脱离被发现时。研究者会继续观察患者病变或对其行视网膜玻璃体手术(如巩膜加压术以肜或者玻璃体切除术)。在矫正9月龄时,对患者视网膜状况进行评估并使用条栅视敏度(grating acuity)对患儿视力进行检测。
研究结果:401例高危阈前ROP患者加入了ETROP研究。63例患者(89只眼)发生了视网膜脱离。对其中56例患者(78只眼)进行了随访。21例患者(38%)的视网膜脱离发生于双眼。其中30只眼分级为4A,14只眼为4B,16只眼为5级。余下的18只视网膜脱离眼未进行分级。对11例患者(12只眼)监控病情变化,52例患者(66只眼)行玻璃体视网膜手术。行玻璃体切除伴或不伴有巩膜加压术的56只眼中有17只(30%)在患者9月龄时保持或达到了黄斑复位;仅行巩膜加压术的10只眼中,6只(60%)达到;未行手术的12只眼中,2只(17%)达到。78只眼中有13只(17%)达到了较好的视力水平(I〉1.85cycles/degree)。达到正常视力水平(≥3.70cycles/degree)的6只眼的视网膜脱离分级均为4A(其分别为6只未行手术眼中的1眼,6只行巩膜加压术眼中的3眼。18只行玻璃体切除术眼中的2眼)。对11只视网膜脱离达5级的患眼行玻璃体视网膜手术。
治疗结果为6只眼无光感,3只眼仅有光感,2只眼只能看清低视力表。结论:在ETROP的研究中,ROP导致视网膜脱离的治疗结果普遍较差。因视网膜脱离行玻璃体视网膜手术的48只眼中,有16只眼黄斑未发生脱离。手术修复4A级视网膜脱离的24只眼中,有5只(21%)在术后达到了正常视力水平。对视网膜脱离5级眼行玻璃体视网膜手术可以使其达到结构复位,但功能恢复不佳。 | Michael X. Repka Betty Tung William V. Good Michael Shapiro Antonio Capone Jr John D. Baker Charles C. Barr Dale L. Phelps W. A. J. van HewvenMD John D. Baker,MD Charles C. Barr,MD Dale L. Phelps,MD IV. A. J. van Heuven 张弛(译) | 2006 | 美国医学会眼科杂志(中文版)2006，18，3： | 4 |
| 8 | AIDS and associated malignancies显示文摘AIDS associated malignancies (ARL) is a major complication associated with AIDS patients upon immunosuppression. Chronically immunocompromised patients have a markedly increased risk of developing lymphoproliferative disease. In the era of potent antiretrovirals therapy (ARV), the malignant complications due to HIV-1 infection have decreased in developed nations where ARV is administered, but still poses a major problem in developing countries where HIV-1 incidence is high and ARV is still not yet widely available. Even in ARV treated individuals there is a concern that the prolonged survival of many HIV-1 carriers is likely to eventually result in an increased number of malignancies diagnosed. Malignancies that were found to have high incidence in HIV-infected individuals are Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), Hodgkin’s disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). The incidence of NHL has increased nearly 200 fold in HIV-positive patients, and accounts for a greater percentage of AIDS defining illness in the US and Europe since the advent of HAART therapy. These AIDS related lymphomas are distinct from their counterparts seen in HIV-1 seronegative patients. For example nearly half of all cases of ARL are associated with the presence of a gamma herpesvirus, Epstein Barr virus (EBV) or human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8)/ Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The pathogenesis of ARLs is complex. B-cell proliferation driven by chronic antigenemia resulting in the induction of polyclonal and ultimately monoclonal lymphoproliferation may occur in the setting of severe immunosuppression. | Charles WOOD William HARRINGTON Jr | 2005 | Cell Research2005，15，11： | 4 |
| 9 | Impaired swallowing mechanics of post radiation therapy head and neck cancer patients: A retrospective videofluoroscopic study显示文摘AIM: To determine swallowing outcomes and hyolaryngeal mechanics associated with post radiation therapy head and neck cancer(rt HNC) patients using videofluoroscopic swallow studies. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, video-fluoroscopic images of rt HNC patients(n = 21) were compared with age and gender matched controls(n = 21). Penetration-aspiration of the bolus and bolus residue were measured as swallowing outcome variables. Timing and displacement measurements of the anterior and posterior muscular slings elevating the hyolaryngeal complex were acquired. Coordinate data of anatomical landmarks mapping the action of the anterior muscles(suprahyoid muscles) and posterior muscles(long pharyngeal muscles) were used to calculate the distance measurements, and slice numbers were used to calculate time intervals. Canonical variate analysis with post-hoc discriminant function analysis was performed on coordinate data to determine multivariate mechanics of swallowing associated with treatment. Pharyngeal constriction ratio(PCR) was also measured to determine if weak pharyngeal constriction is associated with post radiation therapy.RESULTS: The rt HNC group was characterized by poor swallowing outcomes compared to the control group in regards to: Penetration-aspiration scale(P < 0.0001), normalized residue ratio scale(NRRS) for the valleculae(P = 0.002) and NRRS for the piriform sinuses(P = 0.003). Timing and distance measurements of the anterior muscular sling were not significantly different in the two groups, whereas for the PMS time of displacement was abbreviated(P = 0.002) and distance of excursion was reduced(P = 0.02) in the rt HNC group. A canonical variate analysis shows a significant reduction in pharyngeal mechanics in the rt HNC group(P < 0.0001). The PCR was significantly higher in the test group than the control group(P = 0.0001) indicating reduced efficiency in pharyngeal clearance. CONCLUSION: Using videofluoroscopy, this study shows rt HNC patients have worse swallowing outcomes associated with reduced hyolaryngeal mechanics and pharyngeal constriction compared with controls. | William G Pearson Jr Alisa A Davidoff Zachary M Smith Dorothy E Adams Susan E Langmore | 2016 | World Journal of Radiology2016，8，2： | 2 |
| 10 | 采用间接复位、钢板固定、不植骨的方法治疗稳定的股骨干髓内假体周围骨折显示文摘背景:间接复位技术相对于较早期的开放复位技术具有能够提高骨愈合率及减少植骨的优势,我们对以间接复位治疗股骨干假体周围骨折的结果进行了研究。
方法:连续对50例稳定的股骨干髓内假体周围骨折(Vancourvr B1型)进行治疗,根据病例记录包括切开复位、间接复位、外侧单钢板固定且不行同种异体或其他植骨。4例术后早期死亡,5例随访时间短,对其余41例(平均年龄72岁)进行了平均24个月的随访,并进行临床和影像学评估。
结果:所有骨折平均12周(7~23周)愈合,对位满意。1例有1根钢丝断裂,2例有1枚螺钉断裂,骨折最终愈合且无明显的内置物松动和对位不良。1例发生围手术期深部感染。41例中30例行走功能恢复到骨折前的状态。
结论:结果证实间接复位骨膜外侧单钢板固定且不进行植骨的方法对于稳定的股骨干髓内假体周围骨折的疗效是应该肯定的。
可信水平:治疗性研究,Ⅳ级,进一步可信度参见作者介绍。 | WILLIAM M. RICCI BRETT R. BOLHOFNER TIMOTHY LOFTUS CHRISTOPHER COX SCOTT MITCHELL JOSEPH BORRELLI JR 董强(译) 马宝通(译) | 2006 | 骨科动态2006，2，1： | 2 |
| 11 | Apoptosis and cell penetration by autoantibody may represent linked processes 显示文摘 | Williams R C Jr Peen E | 1999 | Clin Exp Rheumatol1999，17，6： | 2 |
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| 20 | A systematic review of newer pharmacotherapies for depression in adults: evidence report summary 显示文摘 | Williams JW Jr | 2000 | Ann Inern Med2000，132，9： | 1 |
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