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| 1 | Statistical analysis of generalized exponential distribution under progressive censoring with binomial removals显示文摘The estimation of generalized exponential distribution based on progressive censoring with binomial removals is presented,where the number of units removed at each failure time follows a binomial distribution.Maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters and their confidence intervals are derived.The expected time required to complete the life test under this censoring scheme is investigated.Finally,the numerical examples are given to illustrate some theoretical results by means of Monte-Carlo simulation. | Weian Yan Yimin Shi Baowei Song Zhaoyong Mao | 2011 | Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics2011，22，4： | 11 |
| 2 | Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improved plant growth and nutrient acquisition of desert ephemeral Plantago minuta under variable soil water conditions显示文摘Desert ephemeral plants play an important role in desert ecosystem.Soil water availability is considered as the major restrictive factor limiting the growth of ephemeral plants.Moreover,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AM fungi) are widely reported to improve the growth of desert ephemerals.The present study aimed to test the hypothesis of that AM fungi could alleviate drought stress of desert ephemeral Plantago minuta,and AM fungal functions reduced with the improvement of soil water content.A pot experiment was carried out with three levels of soil water contents(4.5%,9.0%,and 15.8%(w/w)),and three AM inoculation treatments(Glomus mosseae,Glomus etunicatum and non-inoculation).The results indicate that mycorrhizal colonization rate decreased with the increase of soil water availability.Inoculation improved plant growth and N,P and K acquisition in both shoots and roots regardless water treatments.When comparing the two fungi,plants inoculated with G.mosseae performed better than those inoculated with G.etunicatum in terms of plant growth and nutrient acquisition.These results showed that ameliorative soil water did not suppress arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal functions in improving growth and nutrient acquisition of desert ephemeral Plantago minuta. | ZhaoYong SHI Bede MICKAN Gu FENG YingLong CHEN | 2015 | Journal of Arid Land2015，7，3： | 10 |
| 3 | Transfer DREB into Lolium perenne L. to improve its drought tolerance显示文摘 | 马欣荣 Sun Zhenyuan Jiang Changshun Dong Zhaoyong Zhang Yizheng | 2006 | High Technology Letters2006，12，4： | 8 |
| 4 | On the interannual variation in spring atmospheric inter-hemispheric oscillation linked to synchronous climate in China显示文摘Based on NCEP/NCAR monthly mean reanalysis data and surface observations of Chinese stations, inter-hemispheric oscillations (IHO) of spring atmospheric mass on an interannual basis in conjunction with the linkage to the synchronous climate over China are studied. Results suggest that the spring IHO exhibits a significant seesaw pattern for air mass at bi-hemispheric mid-high latitudes, with a consistent vertical circulation structure. The EOF decomposition of zonally mean surface pressures without signals of Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) indicates that the EOF1 IHO feature is remarkable, with the corresponding time coeficients correlated with the spring IHO index (IIHO) at 0.93; the spring IHO bears a close relation to the synchronous climate in China, showing the surface pressure, temperature and relative humidity over the country to be in good correlation with IIHO; the spring duststorms in Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia have bearing on IHO. Positive-phase IIHO promotes the strengthening of the Siberian high, during which zonal winds between 60°E and 150°W show a longitudinal teleconnection structure extending from the Arctic to Antarctica, leading to positive westerly wind anomalies over Asia, affecting the spring climate of China. | Chuhan Lu Zhaoyong Guan | 2009 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2009，19，9： | 8 |
| 5 | The seasonal cycle of interhemispheric oscillations in mass field of the global atmosphere显示文摘Using the daily and monthly data of surface air pressure, meridional wind, radiation and water vapor from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis for the period of 1979―2006, we have examined the seasonal variations of the interhemispheric oscillations (IHO) in mass field of the global atmosphere. Our results have demonstrated that IHO as observed in surface air pressure field shows the distinct seasonal cycle. This seasonal cycle has an interhemispheric seesaw structure with comparable annual ranges of surface air pressure in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres. Mass of water vapor changes out-of-phase between the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, showing clearly a seasonal cycle with its annual range almost equivalent to annual range of the IHO seasonal cycle. Amazingly, the cross-equatorial flow is found to be induced by annual changes in water vapor mass as a response of the atmosphere to seasonal cycle of forcing from hemispheric net surface short- and long-wave radiations. The IHO seasonality exhibits its larger variations in magnitude in mid-latitudes other than in other regions of the globe. Additionally, our results also show that the global air mass is redistributed seasonally not only between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres but also between land and sea. This land-sea air mass redis- tribution induces a zonal pattern of surface air pressure in the Northern Hemisphere but the meridional pattern in the Southern Hemisphere. | LU ChuHan GUAN ZhaoYong MEI ShiLong QIN YuJing | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，20： | 8 |
| 6 | Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in the Gurbantunggut Desert显示文摘在位于 Xinjiang 的 Gurbantunggut 沙漠的植物,中国是改编的干旱种类并且在通常滋养穷人的土壤成长。调查在沙漠被进行决定与合适的荒芜的植物联系的 arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM ) 地位从 annuals 和 perennials 的 11 个家庭的 to23 种类。从所有植物的根为决定 mycorrhizal 殖民的地位和程度的内部、外部的 hyphae,泡和 coils/arbuscules 的存在被检验。调查的植物种类,(61%) 14 被发现形成 AMassociations,(22%) 5 是可能的 AM 开拓殖民地于种类,并且 4 是 non-my-corrhizal 植物。形成 AM 的 annuals 和灌木的 Theproportions 分别地是比 perennials 和植物的那些显著地低的。孢子密度在根地区的土壤每 20 g 从 5 ~ 21 变化了。在 3 个类的上午 14 点 fungaltaxa 被孤立并且识别了其 10 属于血管球, 3 到 Acaulospora, and1 到 Archaeospora。血管球是在识别的所有类的主导的类。G。deser-ticola 和 G.etunicatum 是最普通的税一孤立与 77.4% 和 74.8% 的出现频率,并且相对许多 14.4% 和 15.5% 分别地。 | TIAN Changyan SHI Zhaoyong CHEN Zhichao FENG Gu | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，A01： | 8 |
| 7 | An unusual high ozone event over the North and Northeast China during the record-breaking summer in 2018显示文摘Under the background of global warming,the summer temperature of the North and Northeast China(NNEC)has significantly increased since 2017,which was accompanied by the aggravated ozone(O_(3))pollution.In 2018,the NNEC experienced a record-breaking summer of the past 40 years.Influenced by the abnormal high temperatures,a regional ozone event occurred on 2-3 August,over 63%of 79 selected cities in the NNEC were exposed to O_(3)pollution,and the maximum value of MDA8 O_(3)reached 268μg/m 3.Observations indicated that ozone concentrations agree well with the maximum temperature at 2 meters(MT2M)over NNEC with a correlation coefficient of 0.69.During the pollution episode,strong downdraft in the local high(35°N-42.5°N,112.5°E-132.5°E;LH)over the NNEC created the favourable meteorological conditions for O_(3)formation.By analyzing the horizontal wind and wave activity fluxes(WAFs)at 200 h Pa,we found that the LH formation was resulted from the Rossby wave propagation from upstream along the mid-latitude Asian jet.The split polar vortex intrusion further strengthened the amplitude of the Rossby wave and reinforced the LH.Moreover,a secondary circulation between Typhoon Jongdari and the LH contributed to the enhanced LH with strong subsidence.On the other hand,the stratospheric intrusions under the deep subsidence also contributed to the enhanced surface O_(3).In this study,the deep-seated meteorological dynamical mechanisms contributing to the abnormal high temperatures were investigated,which can lead to a better understanding of the regional O_(3)pollution over NNEC under the global-warming background. | Chuhan Lu Jia Mao Lili Wang Zhaoyong Guan Guangna Zhao Mingge Li | 2021 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2021，33，6： | 7 |
| 8 | Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with desert ephemerals growing under and beyond the canopies of Tamarisk shrubs显示文摘arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM ) 四很普通的短暂植物种的真菌的地位, Chorispora tenella (棺罩) DC, Cerato-cephalus testiculatus (Crantz ) 贝丝, Eremopyrum 面向(L) Jaub et Spash 和在树柳属植物灌木(Tamarix spp ) 统治的一个区域成长的维朗妮卡 campy-lopoda Boiss 被调查。四 ephemerals 和他们的根围土壤的样品从在下面并且在 Tamariskshrubs 的华盖以外被收集。植物 mycorrhizal 地位和土壤 AM 真菌的孢子密度和社区结构被分析并且比较在下面并且在灌木华盖以外。在他们的相应根围土壤的 ephemerals 和孢子密度的 mycorrhizal 殖民率在灌木华盖下面是显著地更低的比在远处。在灌木(12 ) 下面的 AM 真菌的种类的数字也比在华盖(19 ) 以外低。什么时候在四 ephemerals 的根围玷污性质,被检验的、可得到的 N 和 P 和全部的 P,有机物内容,全部的盐内容和电的电导率(EC ) 都在华盖下面是更高的比在远处。相反,玷污显示出的可得到的 K 和酸碱值没有如此的趋势。上午 21 点的一个总数真菌的种类从四 ephemerals 的根围土壤被孤立。五属于 Acaulospora,到 Archaeo-spora, 13 到血管球并且二到 Paraglomus。我们得出结论 Tamarix spp 的华盖。对 ephemerals 的 AM 地位并且在 AM 真菌的社区和一些他们的根围土壤的性质上施加了一些影响。 | SHI Zhaoyong ZHANG Liyun FENG Gu Chr stie Peter TIAN Changyan LI Xiaolin | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，A01： | 6 |
| 9 | Joint Impacts of SSTA in Tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans on Variations of the WPSH显示文摘Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and Had ISST sea surface temperature(SST) data, the joint effects of the tropical Indian Ocean and Pacific on variations of area of the summertime western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH) for period 1980–2016 are investigated. It is demonstrated that the central tropical Indian Ocean(CTI) and central equatorial Pacific(CEP) are two key oceanic regions that affect the summertime WPSH. During autumn and winter, warm SST anomalies(SSTAs) in CEP force the Walker circulation to change anomalously, resulting in divergence anomalies over the western Pacific and Maritime Continent(MC). Due to the Gill-type response, the abnormal anticyclonic circulation is generated over the western Pacific and South China Sea(SCS). In the subsequent spring, the warm SSTAs in CEP weaken, while the SST over CTI demonstrates a lagged response to Pacific SSTA. The warm CTISSTA and CEP-SSTA cooperate with the eastward propagation of cold Kelvin waves in the western Pacific, leading to the eastward shift of the abnormal divergence center that originally locates at the western Pacific and MC. The anticyclone forced by this divergence subsequently moves eastward, leading to the intensification of the negative vorticity there. Meanwhile, warm SSTA in CTI triggers eastward propagating Kelvin waves, which lead to easterly anomalies over the equatorial Indian Ocean and Indonesia, being favorable for maintenance and intensification of the anticyclone over the SCS and western Pacific. The monsoonal meridional–vertical circulation strengthens, which is favorable for the intensification of the WPSH. Using SSTA over the two key oceanic regions as predictors, a multiple regression model is successfully constructed for prediction of WPSH area. These results are useful for our better understanding the variation mechanisms of WPSH and better predicting summer climate in East Asia. | Daili QIAN Zhaoyong GUAN Weiya TANG | 2018 | Journal of Meteorological Research2018，32，4： | 6 |
| 10 | Comparison of the Hadley cells calculated from two reanalysis data sets显示文摘The mass stream function of mean me-ridional circulation is calculated from the ECMWF andNCEP/NCAR reanalysis data sets using a superposi-tion computation scheme. The comparison of resultsshows that the common ascending leg of the Hadleycell calculated from the ECMWF data is strong andnarrow, and averagely lies more north of the equatorin comparison with its counterpart from the NCEP/ NCAR data, and furthermore the Hadley cell from theECMWF data shows an obvious double-layer struc-ture. Therefore, there are obvious differences be-tween Hadley cells displayed by the two objectiveanalysis data sets. | QIN Yujing WANG Panxing GUAN Zhaoyong YUE Yang | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，14： | 5 |
| 11 | Foliar stoichiometry under different mycorrhizal types in relation to temperature and precipitation in grassland显示文摘Aims mycorrhizas play key roles in important ecosystem processes and functions.Carbon(C),nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)concentrations and their ratios are very important foliar traits and their cycling constrains most ecosystem processes.thus,this study addresses the influence of mycorrhizal strategies on these foliar nutrients and their response to climate change.Methods a new database was established including mycorrhizal types and leaf C_(mass),N_(mass),P_(mass),C:N and N:P of each plant species based on He et al.[(2008)leaf nitrogen:Phosphorus stoichiometry across Chinese grassland biomes.oecologia 155:301-10].the predomi-nant type of mycorrhizal association of each plant species was classified according to the published literature and our own obser-vations.We analyzed leaf C_(mass),N_(mass),P_(mass),C:N and N:P among 112 plant species in 316 samples of ascertained mycorrhizal type in the major grassland biomes of China.Important Findingsthe results show highly significant variation among different myc-orrhizal strategy types for foliar C_(mass),N_(mass) and N:P.the highest foliar C_(mass) was observed in ectotrophic mycorrhiza(ECM)type(469.8mg g1)followed by that in arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM)type(443.884 mg g1)and nonmycorrhizal(NM)type(434.0 mg g^(-1)).The foliar N concentration was significantly higher in NM type(31.0mg g^(-1)).However,the AM type had the greater C:N value(19)than the other types although less variation in C_(mass) and N:P among abuscular types on AM strategy was observed.Foliar traits showed significant variation in response to precipita-tion(mean growing season and annual precipitation(GSP and MAP))and temperature(mean growing season and annual tem-peratures(GST and MAT))depending on different mycorrhizal strategies and arbuscular types.When the responses of all folia parameters to precipitation and temperature were compared,the influence of GSP on leaf traits was greater than the influence of GST. | Zhaoyong Shi Xiaogai Hou Yinglong Chen Fayuan Wangan Yanfang Miao | 2013 | Journal of Plant Ecology2013，6，4： | 5 |
| 12 | Application of New Heavy Metals Resistant Porous Binder Material Used in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Reaction显示文摘A novel porous binder was obtained from acid-treated kaolin. This new binder possessed abundant meso/macropores, good hydrothermal stability and heavy metal resistance. The prepared catalyst using new binder featured low attrition index and large pore volume. The catalysts were contaminated with Ni, V, and tested in a fixed-fluidized bed reactor unit. In comparison with the reference sample, the oil conversion achieved by the above-mentioned catalyst increased by 3.50 percentage points, and heavy oil yield decreased by 2.86 percentage points, while the total liquid yield and light oil yield increased by 2.82 percentage points and 0.79 percentage points, respectively. The perfect pore structure, good hydrothermal stability and heavy metal resistant performance of new binder were the possible causes leading to its outstanding performance. | Zhang Zhongdong Liu Zhaoyong Yan Zifeng Gao Xionghou Zhang Haitao Wang Zhifeng | 2014 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2014，16，1： | 5 |
| 13 | Detecting the Relationship Between Summer Rainfall Anomalies in Eastern China and the SSTA in the Global Domain with a New Significance Test Method显示文摘It is suggested that the multiple samples in a correlation map or a set of correlation maps should be examined with significance tests as per the Bernoulli probability model. Therefore, both the contemporaneous and lag correlations of summertime precipitation R in any one of the three regions of Northern China (NC), the Changjiang-Huaihe River Valley (CHRV), and Southern China (SC) with the SSTA in the global domain have been tested in the present article, using our significance test method and the method proposed by Livezey and Chen (1983) respectively. Our results demonstrate that the contemporaneous correlations of summer R in CHRV with the SSTA are larger than those in NC. Significant correlations of SSTA with CHRV R are found to be in some warm SST regions in the tropics, whereas those of SSTA with NC R, which are opposite in sign as compared to the SSTA-CHRV R correlations, are found to be in some regions where the mean SSTs are low. In comparison with the patterns of the contemporaneous correlations, the 1 to 12 month lag correlations between NC R and SSTA, and those between CHRV summer R and SSTA show similar patterns, including the magnitudes and signs, and the spatial distributions of the coefficients. However, the summer rainfall in SC is not well correlated with the SSTA, no matter how long the lag interval is. The results derived from the observations have set up a relationship frame connecting the precipitation anomalies in NC, CHRV, and SC with the SSTA in the global domain, which is critically useful for our understanding and predicting the climate variabilities in different parts of China. Both NC and CHRV summer R are connected with El Nio events, showing a ‘––’pattern in an El Nio year and a ‘+ +’ pattern in the subsequent year. | LU Chuhan GUAN Zhaoyong WANG Panxing DUAN Mingken | 2009 | Journal of Ocean University of China2009，8，1： | 4 |
| 14 | Roles of MicroRNAs in the Caenorhabditis elegans Nervous System显示文摘The first microRNA was discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans in 1993,and since then,thousands of microRNAs have been identified from almost all eukaryotic organisms examined.MicroRNAs function in many biological events such as cell fate determination,metabolism,apoptosis,and carcinogenesis.So far,more than 250 microRNAs have been identified in C.elegans;however,functions for most of these microRNAs are still unknown.A small number of C.elegans microRNAs are associated with known physiological roles such as developmental timing,cell differentiation,stress response,and longevity.In this review,we summarize known roles of microRNAs in neuronal differentiation and function of C.elegans,and discuss interesting perspectives for future studies. | Lingfeng Meng Liang Chen Zhaoyong Li Zheng-Xing Wu Ge Shan | 2013 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2013，40，9： | 4 |
| 15 | Interannual Variability of Summertime Outgoing Longwave Radiation over the Maritime Continent in Relation to East Asian Summer Monsoon Anomalies显示文摘The Maritime Continent(MC) is under influences of both the tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean. Anomalous convective activities over the MC have significant impacts on the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) and climate in China. In the present study, the variation in convective activity over the MC in boreal summer and its relationship to EASM anomalies are investigated based on regression analysis of NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and CMAP [Climate Prediction Center(CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation] data, with a focus on the impacts of ENSO and the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD). The most significant interannual variability of convective activity is found over 10°S–10°N, 95°–145°E, which can be roughly defined as the key area of the MC(hereafter, KMC). Outgoing longwave radiation anomaly(OLRA) exhibits 3- to 7-yr periodicities over the KMC, and around 70% of the OLRA variance can be explained by the ENSO signal. However, distinct convection and precipitation anomalies still exist over this region after the ENSO and IOD signals are removed. Abnormally low precipitation always corresponds to positive OLRA over the KMC when negative diabatic heating anomalies and anomalous cooling of the atmospheric column lead to abnormal descending motion over this region. Correspondingly, abnormal divergence occurs in the lower troposphere while convergence occurs in the upper troposphere, triggering an East Asia–Pacific/Pacific–Japan(EAP/PJ)-like anomalous wave train that propagates northeastward and leads to a significant positive precipitation anomaly from the Yangtze River valley in China to the islands of Japan. This EAP/PJ-like wave pattern becomes even clearer after the removal of the ENSO signal and the combined effects of ENSO and IOD, suggesting that convective anomalies over the KMC have an important impact on EASM anomalies. The above results provide important clues for the prediction of EASM anomalies and associated summer precipitation anomalies in China. | Qi XU Zhaoyong GUAN | 2017 | Journal of Meteorological Research2017，31，4： | 4 |
| 16 | Interhemispheric atmospheric mass oscillation and its relation to interannual variations of the Asian monsoon in boreal summer显示文摘Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and precipitation records of Chinese stations, we have investigated the relationship of interhemispheric oscillation of air mass (IHO) with global lower-level circulation and monsoon anomalies in boreal summer. Our results show that the summer IHO explains a greater portion of variance in the abnormal distribution of atmospheric mass over 30°S-60°N as well as the Antarctic. The IHO strongly correlates to the variations of sea level pressure (SLP) in these regions. It is shown that IHO has some influences on both atmospheric mass transports and water vapor fluxes over 30°S-60°N in association with three anomalous cyclonic circulations over land areas of the eastern hemisphere, which is in close relation to the changes in summer monsoon intensity in eastern Asia and western Africa. Composites of summer rainfall anomalies in China for high and low IHO-index years indicate that the eastern Asian summer monsoon is more intense, with positive precipitation anomaly centers in northern and northeastern parts of China, as opposed to the negative center over the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) in stronger IHO years. In weak IHO years, a feeble summer monsoon appears in eastern Asia, leading to positive center of precipitation anomalies displaced into the MLRYR. Furthermore, a teleconnection in wind fields between the western African and eastern Asian monsoon regions was observed in the middle and higher troposphere in the scenario of IHO. The anomalous cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulations along the path of this Africa-East Asia teleconnection were found to be just over the diabatic heating (cooling) centers, suggesting that diabatic forcings are responsible for the formation of this Africa-East Asia teleconnection. | LU ChuHan, GUAN ZhaoYong & CAI JiaXi Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education and College of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，9： | 4 |
| 17 | Summertime temperature variations in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and their related circulation anomalies in the past five decades显示文摘Using the daily data of temperature from China Meteorological Administration and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis from 1960 to 2005, we have analyzed the relationships between the summertime high/low temperature events in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) and the related circulation anomalies in the Eastern Hemisphere. Our results have demonstrated that a significantly increasing trend is observed in daily minimum temperature in the past 50 years. And in some regions in the Northern Hemisphere, the opposite scenarios are observed in circulation anomalies in lower and upper parts of the troposphere in the years when the temperatures are higher than normal, as compared to those in the years when the temperatures are lower than normal in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR). Additionally, the anomalous circulation structure in vertical direction in both the high and lower temperature years are barotropic. It is found that the emergence and maintenance of the aforementioned anomalous circulations are related to three kinds of wave train teleconnection patterns. Further more, influences of the long wave surface radiation on the air temperature are stronger in the nighttime than that in the daytime. While both the maximum and minimum temperatures have negative relationships with the sensible heat flux but positive relationships with the latent heat flux. To some extent, the anomalous dynamic heating (cooling) caused by the vertical thermal advection as well as the diabatic heating (cooling) caused by diabatic processes can explain the formation of the high (low) temperature events in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) in boreal summer. | CAI Jiaxi GUAN Zhaoyong GAO Qingjiu LIN Xin QIAN Daili | 2010 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2010，20，4： | 4 |
| 18 | Research on New Silica Sol Matrix Used in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Reaction显示文摘A new silica sol binder was obtained by mixing the acid-modified aluminium sulfate and water glass. The effect of SiO2 concentration in sodium silicate, pH value and polymerization was investigated. The new silica sol binder, which possessed abundant pore volume and suitable acid amount, was an ideal component for preparing cracking catalyst. As a result, the corresponding catalyst comprising the new binder showed excellent performance. Compared with the reference sample, the liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) and propylene yield obtained over this catalyst increased by 3.49 and 1.20 percentage points, respectively. The perfect pore structure and suitable Lewis acid amount of new silica sol were the possible reason leading to its outstanding performance. | Zhang Zhongdong Liu Zhaoyong Yan Zifeng Wang Yi Zhang Haitao Wang Zhifeng | 2014 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2014，16，2： | 3 |
| 19 | The seasonal cycle of redistribution of atmospheric mass between continent and ocean in the Northern Hemisphere显示文摘Using NCEP/NCAR and ERA-40 reanalyses,we studied the seasonal cycle of redistribution of air mass between continents and oceans over the Northern Hemisphere.Our results demonstrate that air mass in the Northern Hemisphere shifts clearly between continents and oceans when the season cycles.In July,the air mass reaches its lowest over Eurasia and its highest over the Pacific,and the opposite occurs in January.However,a different scenario is observed over the north Atlantic;the accumulated air mass reaches its maximum there in May.The maintenance of the accumulation or loss of air mass in a region is found to be related to the areal mean air mass flux divergence and the difference between precipitation and evaporation in an air column.The zonal-vertical circulations change with season,with the air ascent and decent reversed between land and sea.Besides,there also exists a noticeable difference of water vapor content of the air between continents and oceans,and this difference is season-dependent.Physically,the vapor content is able to significantly affect the atmosphere in absorbing solar short-and earth’s long-wave radiations,hence influencing atmospheric thermal conditions.The land-sea thermal contrasts inclusive of the diabatic heating rate changes their signs with season going on,resulting in the reversal of orientations of the temperature gradient.These thermal forcings not only facilitate the formation of the monsoons but also indirectly induce the seasonal cycle of the air mass exchanging over regions between continents and oceans. | HU Chao GUAN ZhaoYong LI MingGang | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，7： | 3 |
| 20 | Environmental RNA interference in animals显示文摘Animals interact with their environments all the time,and must react to all kinds of factors present in the environments.Environmental RNA interference refers to the phenomenon that exogenous RNA molecules can enter cells of certain animal species and interfere with gene expression of these animals.These exogenous RNAs may be molecules in animal food,or may be present in the living environment from other sources.Molecular pathways for the cell entry of environmental RNAs and further for their functionality in gene interference have started to be revealed in the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans.Here we highlight some known examples of environmental RNA interference(RNAi)in animals and introduce the molecular mechanisms underneath. | MENG LingFeng CHEN Liang LI ZhaoYong WU ZhengXing SHAN Ge | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，35： | 3 |
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