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| 1 | 全球地表热流的产生与分布显示文摘全球地表热流是反映地球内部热与动力学过程的一种主要能流 .本文在三维球坐标框架下 ,就几个不同的粘度模型分别研究地幔内部密度异常 (基于全球地震层析结果 )以及板块运动激发的地幔流动的热效应及其对于观测地表热流产生和分布特征的贡献 .由于地幔动力系统具有较高的Pe数 ,可以期望由板块运动激发的地幔流动将强烈地扰动地幔内部初始传导状态下的温度场以及地表热的热流分布 .结果表明 ,与地幔内部密度异常产生的热效应相比 ,运动的板块及其激发的地幔流动在全球地表观测热流的产生和分布特征上起着更为重要的作用 .观测到的大洋中脊处的高热流在很大程度上可以归因于板块激发的地幔流动的热效应 .计算的平均温度剖面较好地揭示了岩石圈和D″层的温度特征 ,即温度随深度的剧烈变化 ,这与我们目前通过其他手段对岩石圈和D″层的温度结构了解是一致的 .一个下地幔粘度比上地幔高出 30倍的粘度结构 (文中使用的粘度模型 2 )较之其余模型的拟合程度似乎更好 . | 叶正仁 Bradford H.Hager | 2001 | 地球物理学报2001，44，2： | 13 |
| 2 | Neuroplasticity in post-stroke gait recovery and noninvasive brain stimulation显示文摘Gait disorders drastically affect the quality of life of stroke survivors,making post-stroke rehabilitation an important research focus.Noninvasive brain stimulation has potential in facilitating neuroplasticity and improving post-stroke gait impairment.However,a large inter-individual variability in the response to noninvasive brain stimulation interventions has been increasingly recognized.We first review the neurophysiology of human gait and post-stroke neuroplasticity for gait recovery,and then discuss how noninvasive brain stimulation techniques could be utilized to enhance gait recovery.While post-stroke neuroplasticity for gait recovery is characterized by use-dependent plasticity,it evolves over time,is idiosyncratic,and may develop maladaptive elements.Furthermore,noninvasive brain stimulation has limited reach capability and is facilitative-only in nature.Therefore,we recommend that noninvasive brain stimulation be used adjunctively with rehabilitation training and other concurrent neuroplasticity facilitation techniques.Additionally,when noninvasive brain stimulation is applied for the rehabilitation of gait impairment in stroke survivors,stimulation montages should be customized according to the specific types of neuroplasticity found in each individual.This could be done using multiple mapping techniques. | Yi Xu Qing-hua Hou Shawn D.Russell Bradford C.Bennett Andrew J.Sellers Qiang Lin Dong-feng Huang | 2015 | Neural Regeneration Research2015，10，12： | 9 |
| 3 | Optimizing 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine therapy in the management of inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘The thiopurine drugs,6-mercaptopurine(6-MP) and azathioprine,are efficacious in the arsenal of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) therapy.Previous reports indicate that 6-thioguanine nucleotide(6-TGN) levels correlate with therapeutic efficacy,whereas high 6-methylmercaptopurine(6-MMP) levels are associated with hepatotoxicity and myelotoxicity.Due to their complex metabolism,there is wide individual variation in patient response therein,both in achieving therapeutic drug levels as well as in developing adverse reactions.Several strategies to optimize 6-TGN while minimizing 6-MMP levels have been adopted to administer the thiopurine class of drugs to patients who otherwise would not tolerate these drugs due to side-effects.In this report,we will review different approaches to administer the thiopurine medications,including the administration of 6-mercaptopurine in those unsuccessfully treated with azathioprine;coadministration of thiopurine with allopurinol;co-administration of thiopurine with anti-tumor necrosis factor α;6-TGN administration;desensitization trials;and split dosing of 6-MP. | Kara Bradford David Q Shih | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，37： | 6 |
| 4 | 基于油藏特征的完井方法显示文摘通过优化完井,无需动用管柱,可提高措施效率、开采多个油气藏及多层非均质砂岩油藏,从而控制开发成本并提高采收率。印尼苏门答腊Jabung区块开发井钻遇三类典型油气藏:气顶油环油气藏、多油气藏及多砂岩非均质油藏。根据各类油气藏的特点,采用针对性的完井方法,优化的完井方法利用常规完井技术和井下工具实现单井一次完井,无需复杂的再完井措施,可同时或接替生产多个油气藏。此外,针对非均质多砂岩特点,应用可控的分层注水技术,可提高油藏采收率。上述完井方法已成功应用于不同类型油藏中,为油气水分布复杂的小断块油田开发过程中控制操作成本、提高开发井的整体效益提供了借鉴。 | 吕晓光 张学文 刘永喜 Bradford W Sincock Budi Tyas Utomo | 2008 | 石油勘探与开发2008，35，4： | 5 |
| 5 | Reverse-Time Migration from Rugged Topography to Image Ground-Penetrating Radar Data in Complex Environments显示文摘探地雷达偏移成像中,基于高程静校正的基准面偏移方法对起伏地表下的复杂地层成像效果较差。为了优化成像效果,本文提出了一种基于麦克斯韦方程组二阶解耦形式的逆时偏移成像(reversetime migration,RTM)算法,该算法特点在于只需计算电场,且可直接从采集面而非基准面进行波场延拓,进而实现地形逆时偏移。数值模拟比较了高程静校正偏移方法和RTM方法在地表起伏及速度横向变化情况下的成像效果,结果证明RTM方法成像效果更好。为了进一步验证算法效果,利用美国犹他州珊瑚粉沙丘崎岖地形下的实测数据对两种方法进行了对比分析。研究表明,逆时偏移成像方法能够极大地提高复杂环境下探地雷达深度成像精度。 | John H. Bradford Janna Privette David Wilkins Richard Ford | 2018 | Engineering2018，4，5： | 5 |
| 6 | Predictors of spine deformity progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review with meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate published data on the predictors of progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS) in order to evaluate their efficacy and level of evidence. METHODS: Selection criteria:(1) study design: randomized controlled clinical trials, prospective cohort studies and case series, retrospective comparative and none comparative studies;(2) participants: adolescents with AIS aged from 10 to 20 years; and(3) treatment: observation, bracing, and other. Search method: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Pub Medand patent data bases. All years through August 2014 were included. Data were collected that showed an association between the studied characteristics and the progression of AIS or the severity of the spine deformity. Odds ratio(OR), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were also collected. A metaanalysis was performed to evaluate the pooled OR and predictive values, if more than 1 study presented a result. The GRADE approach was applied to evaluate the level of evidence.RESULTS: The review included 25 studies. All studies showed statistically significant or borderline association between severity or progression of AIS with the following characteristics:(1) An increase of the Cobb angle or axial rotation during brace treatment;(2) decrease of the rib-vertebral angle at the apical level of the convex side during brace treatment;(3) initial Cobb angle severity(> 25o);(4) osteopenia;(5) patient age < 13 years at diagnosis;(6) premenarche status;(7) skeletal immaturity;(8) thoracic deformity;(9) brain stem vestibular dysfunction; and(10) multiple indices combining radiographic, demographic, and physiologic characteristics. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the following genes:(1) calmodulin 1;(2) estrogen receptor 1;(3) tryptophan hydroxylase 1;(3) insulin-like growth factor 1;(5) neurotrophin 3;(6) interleukin-17 receptor C;(7) melatonin receptor 1B, and(8) Scoli Score test. Other predictors included:(1) impairment of melatonin signaling in osteoblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC);(2) G-protein signaling dysfunction in PBMC; and(3) the level of platelet calmodulin. However, predictive values of all these findings were limited, and the levels of evidence were low. The pooled result of brace treatment outcomes demonstrated that around 27% of patents with AIS experienced exacerbation of the spine deformity during or after brace treatment, and 15% required surgical correction. However, the level of evidence is also low due to the limitations of the included studies.CONCLUSION: This review did not reveal any methods for the prediction of progression in AIS that could be recommended for clinical use as diagnostic criteria. | Andriy Noshchenko Lilian Hoffecker Emily M Lindley Evalina L Burger Christopher MJ Cain Vikas V Patel Andrew P Bradford | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，7： | 4 |
| 7 | Laser produced electromagnetic pulses: generation, detection and mitigation显示文摘This paper provides an up-to-date review of the problems related to the generation,detection and mitigation of strong electromagnetic pulses created in the interaction of high-power,high-energy laser pulses with different types of solid targets.It includes new experimental data obtained independently at several international laboratories.The mechanisms of electromagnetic field generation are analyzed and considered as a function of the intensity and the spectral range of emissions they produce.The major emphasis is put on the GHz frequency domain,which is the most damaging for electronics and may have important applications.The physics of electromagnetic emissions in other spectral domains,in particular THz and MHz,is also discussed.The theoretical models and numerical simulations are compared with the results of experimental measurements,with special attention to the methodology of measurements and complementary diagnostics.Understanding the underlying physical processes is the basis for developing techniques to mitigate the electromagnetic threat and to harness electromagnetic emissions,which may have promising applications. | Fabrizio Consoli Vladimir TTikhonchuk Matthieu Bardon Philip Bradford David CCarroll Jakub Cikhardt Mattia Cipriani Robert JClarke Thomas ECowan Colin NDanson Riccardo De Angelis Massimo De Marco Jean-Luc Dubois Bertr Etchessahar Alejro Laso Garcia David IHillier Ales Honsa Weiman Jiang Viliam Kmetik Josef Krása Yutong Li FredériéLubrano Paul McKenna Josefine Metzkes-Ng Alexre Poyé Irene Prencipe Piotr Ra¸czka Rol ASmith Roman Vrana Nigel CWoolsey Egle Zemaityte Yihang Zhang Zhe Zhang Bernhard Zielbauer David Neely | 2020 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2020，8，2： | 3 |
| 8 | 国际卒中遗传学联盟的推荐意见(第1部分):标准化表型数据收集显示文摘与几乎所有复杂疾病一样,卒中的患病风险和临床转归也是多基因作用的[1]。探索相关基因突变有望为新型个体化治疗方法奠定基础,从而显著减少卒中对全球健康造成的毁灭性影响。为了达到足够的统计学效能以确认多个风险性等位基因,需要很大的样本量。尽管卒中是全世界范围内第二大致死病因和成年人致残的主要原因[2],但没有任何一家研究机构能独立收集到足够的样本。在认识到这一挑战之后,来自世界各地的卒中研究者们于2007年成立了国际卒中遗传学联盟( International Stroke Genetics Consortium, ISGC; http://www. strokegenetics.org),其使命是通过研究在全球多个研究机构入组的患者来识别影响卒中患病风险、临床预后和治疗效果的遗传学因素。尽管先前已取得了一些成功[3-5],仍有大量工作有待进行,这不仅是为了发现风险性等位基因从而达到卒中个体化医疗的最终目标,更是为了开发综合性卒中风险评估手段以及得到足以改变临床实践的结果[6]。根据糖尿病和冠状动脉疾病等其他复杂疾病的研究进展,为了识别与卒中相关的所有基因突变,需要100000~200000个样本。为了达到这个样本量,需要进行更为广泛的协作。 | Jennifer J. Majersik John W.Cole Jonathan Golledge Natalia S. Rost Yu-Feng Yvonne Chan M. Edip Gurol Ame G. Lindgren Daniel Woo Israel Fernandez-Cadenas Donna T. Chen Vincent Thijs Bradford B. Worrall Ayeesha Kamal Paul Bentley Joanna M. Wardlaw Ynte M. Ruigrok Thomas W.K Battey Reinhold Schmidt Joan Montaner Anne-Katrin Giese Jaume Roquer Jordi Jimenez-Conde Chaeyoung Lee Hakan Ay Juan Jose Martin 李海峰 岳耀先 徐军 | 2015 | 国际脑血管病杂志2015，23，9： | 3 |
| 9 | Association Between Early Adverse Life Events and Irritable Bowel Syndrome显示文摘 | Kara Bradford Wendy Shih Elizabeth J. Videlock Angela P. Presson Bruce D. Naliboff Emeran A. Mayer Lin Chang | 2012 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2012，，4： | 3 |
| 10 | Genipin inhibits UCP2-mediated proton leak and acutely reverses obesity- and high glucose-induced β cell dysfunction in isolated pancreatic islets显示文摘 | Chen-Yu Zhang Laura E. Parton Chian Ping Ye Stefan Krauss Ruichao Shen Cheng-Ting Lin John A. Porco Bradford B. Lowell | 2006 | Cell Metabolism2006，，6： | 3 |
| 11 | CO_2 reforming of CH_4显示文摘 | Bradford M C J Vannice M A | | 0，，： | 3 |
| 12 | A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding 显示文摘 | Bradford M M | 1976 | Anal Biochem1976，72，： | 2 |
| 13 | 吡非尼酮治疗特发性肺纤维化患者的最新3期临床试验的结果显示文摘背景:迄今已进行了3项关于吡非尼酮治疗特发性肺纤维化(IPF)患者的有效性及安全性评价的3期临床试验,其中两项临床试验表明吡非尼酮能延缓IPF患者的疾病进展(以FVC或肺活量的变化来衡量),但另一项试验结果却并未能体现上述情况。 | King TE Bradford WZ Castro-Bernardini S 李珊 黄慧 | 2014 | 中华结核和呼吸杂志2014，37，8： | 2 |
| 14 | Orthopaedic care provided by the 14th combat support hospital in support of humanitarian and disaster relief after hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico显示文摘On September 20,2017 Hurricane Maria,a category 4 hurricane,made landfall on the eastern coast of Puerto Rico.This was preceded by Hurricane Irma,a category 5 hurricane,which passed just off the coast 13 d prior.The destruction from both Hurricane Irma and Maria precipitated a coordinated federal response which included the Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA)and the United States military.The United States Army dispatched the 14^th Combat Support Hospital(CSH)to Humacao,a city on the eastern side of the island where Maria made landfall.The mission of the 14^th CSH was to provide medical humanitarian aid and conduct disaster relief operations in support of the government of Puerto Rico and FEMA.During the 14^th CSH deployment to Puerto Rico,1157 patients were evaluated and treated.Fifty-seven operative cases were performed to include 23 orthopaedic cases.The mean age of the orthopaedic patients treated was 45.7 years(range 13-76 years).The most common operation was irrigation and debridement of open contaminated and/or infected wounds.Patients presented a mean 10.8 d from their initial injury(range 1-40 d).Fractures and infections were the most common diagnoses with the greatest delay in treatment from the initial date of injury.The deployment of the 14^th CSH to Puerto Rico was unique in its use of air transport,language and local customs encountered,as well as deployment to a location outside the continental United States.These factors coupled with the need for rapid deployment of the 14^th CSH provided valuable experience which will undoubtedly enable future success in similar endeavors. | Nathan Lanham Kyle Bockelman Fernando Lopez Marc M Serra Bradford Scanlan | 2020 | World Journal of Orthopedics2020，11，2： | 2 |
| 15 | 连续型对称指数应用于健康青年女性矢状面下肢关节角度对称性的研究显示文摘目的:检验应用新型连续型对称指数(CSI)检测健康青年女性矢状面下肢关节角度运动对称性的有效性。方法:选取22名健康青年女性随机先后于赤足(BF)或配穿普通运动鞋(NS)状态下以最适步行速度行三维步态测试,用CSI测定两种步行条件下矢状面双下肢髋、膝、踝关节角度及三关节角度的综合对称性情况。结果:22例受试者矢状面下肢关节角度CSI在两种步行条件下均升高,髋、膝关节独立CSI及三关节综合CSI两种状态间差异无显著统计学意义;而踝关节独立CSI(BF:7.6±3.5;NS:9.5±2.8)两种状态间的差异存在显著统计学意义(P=0.013)。结论:健康女性步行时矢状面下肢关节活动存在双侧不对称;CSI指数是步态对称性检测的有效方法。 | 许轶 王楚怀 韩秀兰 Travis Simpson Bradford C. Bennett Shawn D. Russell | 2017 | 实用医学杂志2017，33，1： | 2 |
| 16 | A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding 显示文摘 | Bradford MM | 1976 | Anal Biochem1976，72，： | 2 |
| 17 | Management of the Open Abdomen: From Initial Operation to Definitive Closure显示文摘 | Vargo Daniel Richardson J David Campbell Andre Chang Michael Fabian Timothy Franz Michael Kaplan Mark Moore Frederick Reed R Lawrence Scott Bradford Silverman Ronald | 2009 | The American Surgeon2009，，11： | 2 |
| 18 | CO2 Reforming of CH4显示文摘 | Bradford M C J Vannice M A | 1999 | Catal Rev - Sci Eng1999，41，1： | 2 |
| 19 | 非营利性医院面临的挑战显示文摘非营利性医院自六十年代以来面临着不同的挑战。首先是接管挑战,由于公办老年医疗保险制度(Medicare)的费用结算制度不够完善,和对医院的医疗费用缺乏控制,使市场资金进入医院公司攫取巨额利润,并购买非营利性医院。其次是营利性医院与非营利性医院在各方面的竞争挑战。最后引起是否值得给非营利性医院以免税优待的正统挑战。作者认为卫生保健作为基础的社会服务和保持资金的稳定,仍应给予支持。 | Bradford HG 陈少炎 | 1992 | 国外医学(卫生经济分册)1992，9，3： | 2 |
| 20 | Higher-Order Interactions: Understanding the knowledge capacity of social groups using simplicial sets显示文摘 | Bradford R GREENING Jr Noa PINTER-WOLLMAN Nina H FEFFERMAN | 2015 | Current Zoology2015，61，1： | 2 |
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