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| 1 | 植物杂种优势分子机理研究:机遇和挑战显示文摘杂种优势现象广泛应用于作物生产中,但其形成的遗传机理尚不十分清楚。目前,基因组学的快速发展为植物杂种优势机理研究带来机遇,大量研究发现和证实杂交子一代与其亲本之间存在全基因组水平的基因表达和表观遗铸修饰差异。将这些差异与杂种优势表现联系起来是该方向研究的重点和难点。针对特定性状,采用全基因组关联分析鉴定其杂种优势的候选基因,结合细胞或组织特异性转录组比较,可能为植物杂种优势分子机理研究带来突破。 | 何光明 邓兴旺 | 2016 | 中国基础科学2016，18，1： | 6 |
| 2 | 中国黄淮海地区玉米杂种优势候选位点的鉴定显示文摘通过对全基因组重测序数据分析发现120 122个高质量In Del和SNP变异位点,通过这些位点可以将具有不同遗传背景的285份玉米自交系划分为9大类群,包括黄淮海地区两大杂种优势群PA和SPT群。检测PA和SPT群间自交系基因型频率的分布和差异发现,1 251个杂种优势候选位点不均匀分布在玉米10条染色体上,其中,675个位点与42个已报道的杂种优势相关QTLs一致。基于候选位点,对部分黄淮海地区的主栽杂交品种进行杂合性分析,In Del和SNP结果均表明,这些位点的杂合性显著高于其他区域,研究结果验证了本研究获得的候选区域的可靠性,表明这些候选位点的杂合性已被广泛的运用于育种过程中。 | 周玲 梁帅强 吕远大 张体付 戴惠学 赵松涛 赵涵 | 2017 | 玉米科学2017，25，1： | 4 |
| 3 | 盐及ABA对水稻MYB转录因子基因表达的影响显示文摘转录因子在植物生长发育和响应外界环境胁迫过程中起重要作用。MYB类转录因子是植物中数量较多、功能多样化的一类转录因子。以耐盐聚合系177,以及该聚合系的轮回亲本IR64为材料,在苗期进行盐和盐+ABA处理,采用荧光定量PCR方法,比较分析了43个MYB家族基因在盐胁迫和盐+ABA处理下的表达谱。结果表明,在盐胁迫条件下,IR64和177中分别有42%和58%的MYB基因在叶片组织中下调表达,而外施ABA后,61%(IR64)和68%(177)的下调基因表达量显著增强。该结果说明盐处理条件下通过外施ABA能够引起MYB基因的表达变化,进而影响水稻的耐盐性。同时鉴定了12个在IR64和177间显著差异表达的MYB基因,该类基因的表达模式可能同两个品种具有不同的耐盐性紧密相关。该结果为进一步分析水稻MYB基因在响应盐胁迫过程中的作用机制以及ABA在增强水稻耐盐性方面提供了理论参考。 | 杨圣 黄菲 胡晓晨 秦巧 黄立钰 王文生 傅彬英 | 2015 | 中国农业科技导报2015，17，4： | 3 |
| 4 | Gene-Ontology Analysis on the Differentially Expressed Genes in Maize (Zea mays L.) Ear Rot显示文摘 | Guang-Sheng Yuan Jian Gao Zhi-Ming Zhang Juan Du Gui-Qing Mu Guang-Tang Pan | 2013 | Journal of Life Sciences2013，7，3： | 2 |
| 5 | 水稻杂种优势的转录组基础显示文摘在杂交种中,亲本等位基因的表达将会发生变化,导致杂交种转录组活性不同于亲本.通过比较杂交种与亲本之间的转录组活性差异,鉴定出这些差异的调控因子并建立起其与表型差异的联系,就可能从分子水平上解析杂种优势形成的机理.在水稻杂交种全基因组基因差异表达分析的不同研究中,由于所采用转录组分析平台和实验取材组织器官等的差异,所鉴别出来的差异表达基因及其在杂交种中的表达变化模式各不相同.然而,某些研究也揭示了一些共性的结果,主要体现在水稻杂交种中差异表达基因的生物学功能在光合作用、碳水化合物代谢和能量代谢途径中富集.对于导致水稻杂交种转录组活性变化的原因,可以从基于基因启动子区顺式调控元件和与其相结合的反式作用因子的遗传调控机制,以及从基于DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和小RNA的表观遗传调控机制两方面来进行解释.今后在水稻杂交种转录组活性变化的分析中,需要针对特定的生物学性状来进行,并提高基因差异表达分析的精确性和特异性.此外,由于杂种优势是多个数量性状的综合体现,可以将全基因组的基因差异表达分析与杂种优势的QTL(quantitative trait loci,数量性状位点)定位及GWAS(genome-wide association studies,全基因组关联分析)等数量遗传学方法相结合,以对水稻杂种优势分子机理进行深入解析. | 何光明 何航 邓兴旺 | 2016 | 科学通报2016，61，35： | 2 |
| 6 | 利用表达谱芯片分析水稻籼粳交杂种优势的分子基础显示文摘[目的]本文旨在研究水稻籼粳交杂种优势的分子基础。[方法]利用Affymetrix水稻表达谱芯片分析了强优势水稻籼粳交组合‘申9A/繁31’与母本‘申9A’和父本‘繁31’在幼穗分化初期剑叶组织的基因表达差异,并对差异表达基因进行了基于生物学过程的GO(gene ontology)功能分类和代谢通路分析。[结果]幼穗分化初期杂种与双亲的表型已经产生了明显差异;共有2 258个基因在杂种与亲本之间差异表达(差异倍数≥2或≤0.5),杂种与双亲均显示差异表达的基因有327个,杂种与父本之间的差异表达基因远多于母本。杂种差异表达基因具有多种表达模式,具有正效应基因的增强表达和具有负效应基因的抑制表达对杂种优势均有贡献。差异表达基因主要参与了磷代谢、运输、防卫反应以及碳水化合物代谢等生物学过程,并在碳固定、氨基酸代谢、糖酵解/糖原异生以及磷酸肌醇代谢等多个代谢通路富集。[结论]水稻籼粳交杂种优势存在复杂的分子基础,多种分子机制参与了杂种优势的形成,光合效率和光合产物运输分配效率的提高可能是杂种优势产生的主要原因。 | 牛付安 曹黎明 储黄伟 程灿 周继华 罗小金 顾永平 袁勤 罗忠永 | 2015 | 南京农业大学学报2015，38，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Analysis of combining ability for stem-related traits and its correlations with lodging resistance heterosis in hybrid wheat显示文摘With the application of hybrid wheat, lodging is becoming one of the major factors limiting high yield in its production. However,few studies have focused on combining ability and heterosis analysis of stem-related traits. In this study, 24 crosses were made according to NCII genetic design, using the three(photo-sensitive male sterile lines)×eight(restorer lines) incomplete diallel crosses. The length of basal second internode(LBSI) and breaking strength of basal second internode(BSBSI)as well as other stem-related traits were used to perform the principal component analysis(PCA), combining ability and heterosis analysis. The PCA results showed that the variables could be classified into two main factors, which were named as the positive factor(factor 1) and the negative factor(factor 2), and accounted for 52.3 and 33.2%, respectively, of the total variance in different variables, combined with the analysis for index weight indicated that the factor 1-related traits play positive roles in lodging resistance formation of hybrids. Combining ability variance analysis indicated that its genetic performance was mainly dominated by additive gene effects, and the hybrid combinations with higher lodging resistance can be selected by using of 14 GF6085(R1), 14 GF6343-2(R4), 14 GF6937(R6), 14 GF7433-1(R7), and BS1086(M3),which are with the features with lower general combining ability(GCA) effects of factor 2-related traits whereas higher GCA effects of factor 1-related traits. The heterosis analysis showed that the wide range of heterosis varied with the traits and combinations, and GCA or specific combining ability(SCA) effects of factor 1-related traits except wall thickness of basal second internode(WTBSI) were positively and closely related to the heterosis of lodging resistance. Generally, the correlation coefficients of heterosis to GCA effects of sterile lines(GCAm) of factor 1-related traits are significantly higher than that to GCA of restorer lines(GCAr) and SCA, combined with the higher GCAm variance values of factor 1-related traits compared to GCAr, the GCAm of factor 1-related traits should be particularly considered when breeding hybrid combinations.The heritability analysis showed that the narrow-sense heritability of the diameter of basal second internode(DBSI) and the center of gravity height(TCGH) were obviously lower(<60%) than other traits, suggesting that these two traits were suitable for selection in higher generation for parental breeding. These could provide a theoretical basis for parental breeding and heterosis utilization of lodging resistance. | YANG Wei-bing QIN Zhi-lie SUN Hui HOU Qi-ling GAO Jian-gang CHEN Xian-chao ZHANG Li-ping WANG Yong-bo ZHAO Chang-ping ZHANG Feng-ting | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2022，21，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Yield-related agronomic traits evaluation for hybrid wheat and relations of ethylene and polyamines biosynthesis to filling at the mid-grain filling stage显示文摘Because of the yield increase of 3.5-15%compared to conventional wheat,hybrid wheat is considered to be one of the main ways to greatly improve the wheat yield in the future.In this study,we performed a principal component analysis(PCA)on two-line hybrids wheat and their parents using the grain weight(GW),the length of spike(LS),the kernel number of spike(KSN),and spike number(SPN)as variables.The results showed that the variables could be classifed into three main factors,the weight factor(factor 1),the quantity factor 1(factor 2)and the quantity factor 2(factor 3),which accounted for 37.1,22.6 and 18.5%,respectively of the total variance in different agronomic variables,suggesting that the GW is an important indicator for evaluating hybrid combinations,and the grain weight of restorer line(RGW)could be used as a reference for parents selection.The hybrid combination with a higher score in factor 1 direction and larger mid-parent heterosis(MPH)of the GW and its parents were used to carry out the analysis of grain fling,1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylicacid(ACC)and polyamine synthesis related genes.The results suggested that the GW of superior grain was significantly higher than that of inferior grains in BS1453xJS1(H)and its parents.Both grain types showed a weight of H between BS 1453(M)and JS1(R),and a larger MPH,which may be caused by their differences in the active fling stage and the grain fling rate.The ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase),granule bound starch synthase I(GBSS/),starch synthaseⅡ(SSS),and starch branching enzyme-Ⅰ(SBE-1)expression levels of H were intermediated between M and R,which might be closely related to MPH formation of the GW.Compared with R and H,the GW of M at maturity was the lowest.The expression levels of spermidine synthase 2(Spd2),ornithine decarboxylase(ODC)and S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase(SAMDC)had significantly positive correlations with the grain flig rate(1=0.77,0.51,0.59'),suggesting their major roles in the grain flling and heterosis formation.These provide a theoretical basis for improving the GW of photo-thermo-sensitive male sterile lines(PTSMSL)by changing the endogenous polyamine synthesis in commercial applications. | YANG Wei-bing QIN Zhi-lie SUN Hui LIAO Xiang-zheng GAO Jian-gang WANG Yong-bo HOU Qi-ling CHEN Xian-chao TIAN Li-ping ZHANG li-ping MA Jin-xiu CHEN Zhao-bo ZHANG Feng-ting ZHAO Chang-ping | 2020 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2020，19，10： | 1 |
| 9 | Molecular basis of heterosis and related breeding strategies reveal its importance in vegetable breeding显示文摘Heterosis has historically been exploited in plants;however,its underlying genetic mechanisms and molecular basis remain elusive.In recent years,due to advances in molecular biotechnology at the genome,transcriptome,proteome,and epigenome levels,the study of heterosis in vegetables has made significant progress.Here,we present an extensive literature review on the genetic and epigenetic regulation of heterosis in vegetables.We summarize six hypotheses to explain the mechanism by which genes regulate heterosis,improve upon a possible model of heterosis that is triggered by epigenetics,and analyze previous studies on quantitative trait locus effects and gene actions related to heterosis based on analyses of differential gene expression in vegetables.We also discuss the contributions of yield-related traits,including flower,fruit,and plant architecture traits,during heterosis development in vegetables(e.g.,cabbage,cucumber,and tomato).More importantly,we propose a comprehensive breeding strategy based on heterosis studies in vegetables and crop plants.The description of the strategy details how to obtain F_(1) hybrids that exhibit heterosis based on heterosis prediction,how to obtain elite lines based on molecular biotechnology,and how to maintain heterosis by diploid seed breeding and the selection of hybrid simulation lines that are suitable for heterosis research and utilization in vegetables.Finally,we briefly provide suggestions and perspectives on the role of heterosis in the future of vegetable breeding. | Daoliang Yu Xingfang Gu Shengping Zhang Shaoyun Dong Han Miao Kiros Gebretsadik Kailiang Bo | 2021 | Horticulture Research2021，8，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Transcriptome Analysis of Heterosis in Survival in the Hybrid Progenies of‘Haida No.1’and Orange-Shelled Lines of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas显示文摘Heterosis has been exploited to enhance the yield and adaptability in various shellfish species;however,the molecular basis of it remains unclear.The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is one of the most economically important aquaculture species,and its productive traits can be improved by hybridization.Here,an intraspecific cross between orange shell(O,10th generation)and‘Haida No.1’(H,13th generation)of C.gigas was performed to assess the heterosis of survival trait.Survival rates of hybrid family(OH)and inbred families(HH and OO)were compared at larval stage,and eyed-pediveliger larvae of three families were subjected to transcriptome analysis.The analysis results of best-parent heterosis and mid-parent heterosis showed that the hybrid family exhi-bited a high heterosis in survival relative to the parental families.The OH-M(OH vs.OO)and OH-P(OH vs.HH)had 425 and 512 dif-ferentially expressed genes(DEGs),respectively.Functional enrichment analysis of these DEGs revealed that the significantly enrich-ed genes function in virion binding,C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway,cellular defense response and other immune-related pro-cesses,which involves perlucin-like protein,CD209 antigen-like protein,ZNFX1,caspase-3 and acan genes.These differentially ex-pressed genes in OH-M and OH-P,together with the immune-related processes mentioned above may play an important role in the larval survival of C.gigas.In addition,three genes(CYP450,fucolectin and perlucin-like)are associated with the orange shell and low survival of maternal oyster OO.These findings provide support for the application of hybrid with superior survival and will facilitate the understanding of heterosis formation in the Pacific oyster. | YANG Hang LI Qi | 2024 | Journal of Ocean University of China2024，23，1： | 0 |
| 11 | 植物杂种优势及基因组多倍化机制研究概述显示文摘在植物进化及物种形成过程中,通过2个亲本的杂交可以使后代表现出速生、高产、高抗逆等优于亲本的性状,形成杂种优势;而通过同源或异源基因组加倍,也可使植物表现出明显优于亲本的生长发育性状或环境适应力,形成多倍体优势。因此,杂交及基因组多倍化被认为是推动植物进化和物种形成的2个主要驱动力。杂种优势及基因组多倍体优势已在农业生产实践中得到广泛应用,并产生巨大价值。基于此,探究植物杂交优势、基因组多倍体优势具有重大理论意义和应用价值,历来受到研究者的高度关注。目前,这方面的研究特别是有关杂种优势及基因组多倍化分子机制方面的研究已取得若干重大进展,本文旨在对这些研究成果进行概述,并对今后在木本植物中开展相关研究进行展望。 | 王春国 陈成彬 宋文芹 | 2013 | 林业科学研究2013，26，F10： | 0 |
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