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| 1 | Progress in study on constructal theory and its applications显示文摘The emergence and development of constructal theory,which has been a new discipline branch to research sorts of structures in nature and engineering,are reviewed.The core of the constructal theory is that various shapes and structures of the matters in nature are generated from the tendency to obtain optimal performance.Constructal theory and its application are summarized,from disciplines such as heat,mechanism,fluid flow,electricity,magnetism and chemistry,to life and non-life systems in nature. | CHEN LinGen | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，3： | 47 |
| 2 | Progress in entransy theory and its applications显示文摘The entransy and entransy dissipation extremum principle proposed have opened up a new direction for the heat transfer optimi-zation. The emergence and development of entransy theory are reviewed. Entransy theory and its applications are summarized from several aspects, such as heat conduction, heat convective, heat radiation, heat exchanger design and mass transfer, etc. The emphases are focused on four aspects, i.e., the comparison between entropy generation rate and entransy dissipation rate, the combination of entransy dissipation extreme principle with finite time thermodynamics, the combination of entransy dissipation extreme principle with the heat conduction constructal theory, and the combination of entransy dissipation extreme principle with the heat convective constructal theory. The scientific features of entransy theory are emphasized. | CHEN LinGen | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，34： | 42 |
| 3 | Progress in optimization of mass transfer processes based on mass entransy dissipation extremum principle显示文摘The mass entransy and its dissipation extremum principle have opened up a new direction for the mass transfer optimization. Firstly, the emergence and development process of both the mass entransy and its dissipation extremum principle are reviewed. Secondly, the combination of the mass entransy dissipation extremum principle and the finite-time thermodynamics for optimizing the mass transfer processes of one-way isothermal mass transfer, two-way isothermal equimolar mass transfer, and isothermal throttling and isothermal crystallization are summarized. Thirdly, the combination of the mass entransy dissipation extremum principle and the constructal theory for optimizing the mass transfer processes of disc-to-point and volume-to-point problems are summarized. The scientific features of the mass entransy dissipation extremum principle are emphasized. | CHEN Lin Gen | 2014 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2014，57，12： | 34 |
| 4 | Comparative study on constructal optimizations of T-shaped fin based on entransy dissipation rate minimization and maximum thermal resistance minimization显示文摘The constructal optimizations of T-shaped fin with two-dimensional heat transfer model are carried out by finite element method and taking the minimization of equivalent thermal resistance based on entransy dissipation and the minimization of maximum thermal resistance as optimization objectives, respectively. The effects of the global parameter a (integrating the coefficient of convective heat transfer, the overall area occupied by fin and its thermal conductivity) and the volume fraction ? of fin on the minimums of equivalent thermal resistance and maximum thermal resistance as well as their corresponding optimal configurations are analyzed. The comparison of the results based on the above two optimization objectives is conducted. The results show that the optimal structures based on the two optimization objectives are obviously different from each other. Compared with the optimization result by taking the minimization of maximum thermal resistance as the objective, the optimization result by taking the equivalent thermal resistance minimization as the objective can reduce the average temperature difference in the fin obviously. The increases of a and ? can all improve the working status of local hot spot and the global heat transfer performance of the system. But the improvement effects of the increases of a and ? on the minimization of equivalent thermal resistance are different from those on the minimization of maximum thermal resistance. For either objective, the effect of a is different from that of ?. The T-shaped fin with minimum equivalent thermal resistance is much taller than that with minimum maximum thermal resistance; for either optimization objective, the stem of fin is thicker than the branches of fin, and the stem thickness is relatively close to branch thickness when the minimization of equivalent thermal resistance is taken as the optimization objective. The T-shaped fin with flat stem and slender branches can benefit the reduction of the maximum thermal resistance. | XIE ZhiHui CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，5： | 25 |
| 5 | Entransy: its physical basis, applications and limitations显示文摘In this paper, the physical basis and application conditions of the entransy theory are reviewed and discussed. Entransy can be obtained from the analogy between heat and electrical conductions. It is a state value and the‘‘potential energy'' of heat. From the viewpoint of thermomass, it reflects the thermal energy of the thermomass in an object. Furthermore, it was also related to the microstate number and is a single value function of the microstate number. The concepts of entransy, entransy flux and entransy dissipation can be used to express the least action of heat transfer. The entransy balance equations for heat transfer and thermodynamic processes and their applications to thermal systems are also reviewed. The differences between the entransy theory, constructal theory, entropy generation minimization, exergy analyses method, principle of uniformity of temperature difference field and field synergy(coordination) principle are also discussed. The entransy theory is different from the other discussed theories. The limitations of the entransy theory are also discussed. | Xue-Tao Cheng Xin-Gang Liang | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，36： | 25 |
| 6 | Constructal optimization of a vertical insulating wall based on a complex objective combining heat flow and strength显示文摘For a vertical insulating wall,a product function of heat flow and strength with power weight is introduced as the complex optimization objective to compromise between insulating performance and mechanical performance.Under the global constraints of fixed external dimensions and safety requirements,the constructal optimization of the wall is carried out by taking the complex function maximization as the objective.It is shown that the maximum of the complex-objective function and its corresponding optimal internal structure design under a certain environmental condition can be obtained by allowing the internal structure of the wall to vary(evolve)freely.The validity,effectivity and applicability of the complex function are proved by the results and the power weight parameter in the range from 0.4 to 4 can compromise between the requirements of insulating and strength simultaneously and preferably.The constructal optimization with coequal attention to heat flow and strength and the corresponding results are discussed in detail.The optimal structure design and the corresponding performance analyses under various environmental conditions of application are presented.When the change of environment is greater and the total Rayleigh number is bigger,the insulating wall with large number of cavities should be employed.When the total Rayleigh number is small,the better performance can be obtained by reasonably employing the insulating wall with small number of cavities.The complex function has better selfadaptability,and the results in the recent literature are special cases of this paper. | XIE ZhiHui,CHEN LinGen &SUN FengRui Postgraduate School,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，8： | 21 |
| 7 | Radiative entransy flux in enclosures with non-isothermal or non-grey,opaque,diffuse surfaces and its application显示文摘The spectral radiative entransy flux and the total radiative entransy flux are defined for the steady radiative heat transfer processes in enclosures composed of non-isothermal or non-grey,opaque,diffuse surfaces.Based on the definitions,the radiative entransy flux balance equation and the radiative entransy dissipation functions are introduced under spectral and total wavelength condition.Furthermore,the minimum principle of radiative entransy loss,the extreme principle of radiative entransy dissipation and the minimum principle of radiative thermal resistance are developed.The minimum principle of radiative entransy loss shows that the potential and the net radiative heat flux distribution which meet the control equations and the boundary conditions would make the radiative entransy loss minimum if the net radiative heat flux or the potential distribution of the radiative heat transfer system is given.The extreme principle of radiative entransy dissipation indicates that the minimum radiative entransy dissipation leads to the minimum average potential difference for the prescribed total radiative heat exchange and the maximum radiative entransy dissipation leads to the maximum radiative heat exchange for the prescribed average potential difference.Moreover,the minimum principle of radiative thermal resistance tells us that the aforementioned extreme values of radiative entransy dissipation both correspond to the minimum value of radiative thermal resistance.Application examples are given for the extreme principle of spectral radiative entransy dissipation and the minimum principle of spectral radiative thermal resistance,and the principles are proved to be applicable. | CHENG XueTao XU XiangHua LIANG XinGang | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，9： | 20 |
| 8 | “Volume-point” heat conduction constructal optimization based on entransy dissipation rate minimization with three-dimensional cylindrical element and rectangular and triangular elements on microscale and nanoscale显示文摘Based on constructal theory,the constructs of three 'volume-point' heat conduction models with three-dimensional cylindrical element and rectangular and triangular elements on microscale and nanoscale are optimized by taking minimum entransy dissipation rate as optimization objective.The optimal constructs of the three 'volume-point' heat conduction models with minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance are obtained.The results show that the optimal constructs of the three-dimensional cylindrical assembly based on the minimizations of dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance and dimensionless maximum thermal resistance are different,which is obviously different from the comparison between those of the corresponding two-dimensional rectangular assembly based on the minimizations of these two objectives.The optimal constructs based on rectangular and triangular elements on microscale and nanoscale when the size effect takes effect are obviously different from those when the size effect does not take effect.Because the thermal current density in the high conductivity channel of the rectangular and triangular second order assemblies are not linear with the length,the optimal constructs of these assemblies based on the minimization of entransy dissipation rate are different from those based on the minimization of maximum temperature difference.The dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance defined based on entransy dissipation rate reflects the average heat transfer performance of the construct.The studies on 'volume-point' heat conduction constructal problems at three-dimensional conditions and microscale and nanoscale by taking minimum entransy dissipation rate as optimization objective extend the application range of the entransy dissipation extremum principle. | FENG HuiJun CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，3： | 20 |
| 9 | Optimization of heat transfer and heat-work conversion based on generalized heat transfer law显示文摘Examples of heat transfer and heat-work conversion are optimized with entropy generation and entransy loss,respectively based on the generalized heat transfer law in this paper.The applicability of entropy generation and entransy loss evaluation in these optimization problems is analyzed and discussed.The results show that the entransy loss rate reduces to the entransy dissipation rate in heat transfer processes,and that the entransy loss evaluation is effective for heat transfer optimization.However,the maximum heat transfer rate does not correspond to the minimum entropy generation rate with prescribed heat transfer temperature difference,which indicates that the entropy generation minimization is not always appropriate to heat transfer optimization.For heat-work conversion processes,the maximum entransy loss rate and the minimum entropy generation rate both correspond to the maximum output power,and they are both appropriate to the optimization of the heat-work conversion processes discussed in this paper. | CHENG XueTao WANG WenHua LIANG XinGang | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，10： | 19 |
| 10 | Entransy analysis of open thermodynamic systems显示文摘The concept of entransy developed in recent years can describe the heat transport ability.This paper extends this concept to the open thermodynamic system and defines the concept of enthalpy entransy.The entransy balance equation of steady open thermodynamic systems,as well as the concept of entransy loss,is developed.The entransy balance equation is applied to analyzing and discussing the air standard cycle.It is found that the entransy loss rate can describe the change in net power output from the cycle but the entropy generation rate cannot when the heat absorbed by the working medium is from the combustion reaction of the gas fuel.When the working medium is heated by a high temperature stream,both the maximum entransy loss rate and the minimum entropy generation rate correspond to the maximum net power output from the cycle.Hence,the concept of entransy loss is an appropriate figure of merit that describes the cycle performance. | CHENG XueTao WANG WenHua LIANG XinGang | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，22： | 16 |
| 11 | Constructal optimization for H-shaped multi-scale heat exchanger based on entransy theory显示文摘Analogizing with the definition of thermal efficiency of a heat exchanger,the entransy dissipation efficiency of a heat exchanger is defined as the ratio of dimensionless entransy dissipation rate to dimensionless pumping power of the heat exchanger.For the constraints of the total tube volume and total tube surface area of the heat exchanger,the constructal optimization of an H-shaped multi-scale heat exchanger is carried out by taking entransy dissipation efficiency maximization as optimization objective,and the optimal construct of the H-shaped multi-scale heat exchanger with maximum entransy dissipation efficiency is obtained.The results show that for the specified total tube volume of the heat exchanger,the optimal constructs of the first order T-shaped heat exchanger based on the maximizations of the thermal efficiency and entransy dissipation efficiency are obviously different with the lower mass flow rates of the cold and hot fluids.For the H-shaped multi-scale heat exchanger,the entransy dissipation efficiency decreases with the increase in mass flow rate when the heat exchanger order is fixed;for the specified dimensionless mass flow rate M(M<32.9),the entransy dissipation efficiency decreases with the increase in the heat exchanger order.The performance of the multi-scale heat exchanger is obviously improved compared with that of the single-scale heat exchanger.Moreover,the heat exchanger subjected to the total tube surface area constraint is also discussed in the paper.The optimization results obtained in this paper can provide a great compromise between the heat transfer and flow performances of the heat exchanger,provide some guidelines for the optimal designs of heat exchangers,and also enrich the connotation of entransy theory. | FENG HuiJun CHEN LinGen XIE ZhiHui SUN FengRui | 2013 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2013，56，2： | 16 |
| 12 | Thermal insulation constructal optimization for steel rolling reheating furnace wall based on entransy dissipation extremum principle显示文摘Analogizing with the heat conduction process, the entransy dissipation extremum principle for thermal insulation process can be described as: for a fixed boundary heat flux (heat loss) with certain constraints, the thermal insulation process is optimized when the entransy dissipation is maximized (maximum average temperature difference), while for a fixed boundary temperature, the thermal insulation process is optimized when the entransy dissipation is minimized (minimum average heat loss rate). Based on the constructal theory, the constructal optimizations of a single plane and cylindrical insulation layers as well as multi-layer insulation layers of the steel rolling reheating furnace walls are carried out for the fixed boundary temperatures and by taking the minimization of entransy dissipation rate as optimization objective. The optimal constructs of these three kinds of insulation structures with distributed thicknesses are obtained. The results show that compared with the insulation layers with uniform thicknesses and the optimal constructs of the insulation layers obtained by minimum heat loss rate, the optimal constructs of the insulation layers obtained by minimum entransy dissipation rate are obviously different from those of the former two insulation layers; the optimal constructs of the insulation layers obtained by minimum entransy dissipation rate can effectively reduce the average heat loss rates of the insulation layers, and can help to improve their global thermal insulation performances. The entransy dissipation extremum principle is applied to the constructal optimizations of insulation systems, which will help to extend the application range of the entransy dissipation extremum principle. | FENG HuiJun CHEN LinGen XIE ZhiHui SUN FengRui | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，12： | 14 |
| 13 | Generalized constructal optimization for the secondary cooling process of slab continuous casting based on entransy theory显示文摘Based on constructal theory and entransy theory,a generalized constructal optimization of a solidification heat transfer process of slab continuous casting for a specified total water flow rate in the secondary cooling zone was carried out.A complex function was taken as the optimization objective to perform the casting.The complex function was composed of the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient of the slab.The optimal water distribution at the sections of the secondary cooling zone were obtained.The effects of the total water flow rate in the secondary cooling zone,casting speed,superheat and water distribution on the generalized constructal optimizations of the secondary cooling process were analyzed.The results show that on comparing the optimization results obtained based on the optimal water distributions of the 8 sections in the secondary cooling zone with those based on the initial ones,the complex function and the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient after optimization decreased by 43.25%,5.90%and 80.60%,respectively.The quality and energy storage of the slab had obviously improved in this case.The complex function,composed of the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient of the slab,was a compromise between the internal and surface temperature gradients of the slab.Essentially,it is also the compromise between energy storage and quality of the slab.The'generalized constructal optimization'based on the minimum complex function can provide an optimal alternative scheme from the point of view of improving energy storage and quality for the parameter design and dynamic operation of the solidification heat transfer process of slab continuous casting. | FENG HuiJun CHEN LinGen XIE ZhiHui DING ZeMin SUN FengRui | 2014 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2014，57，4： | 14 |
| 14 | Constructal design for a steam generator based on entransy dissipation extremum principle显示文摘Steam generator is optimized by applying entransy dissipation extremum principle and constructal theory and adopting analyti-cal method.The obtained results show that the optimal spacing between adjacent tubes,the mass flow rate of gas and the maximum entransy dissipation rate all depend on the dimensionless diameter of one tube,the dimensionless pressure difference number and the dimensionless length of flow channel of gas.Besides the three dimensionless groups,the optimal numbers of riser tubes and downcomer tubes and their summation all depend on the dimensionless height of one tube.The maximum entransy dissipation rate increases as the pressure difference that drives the gas flowing increases,and as the diameter of one tube and the length of flow channel both decrease.The mean heat flux in the heat transfer process of hot gas grows greatly,and the performance of the system is improved.Compared with the optimal construct with heat transfer rate maximization,the optimal construct with entransy dissipation rate maximization can improved the heat transfer effect of the steam generator more. | XIAO QingHua CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，6： | 12 |
| 15 | Constructal entransy dissipation rate minimization for a heat generating volume cooled by forced convection显示文摘The geometry of a heat generating volume cooled by forced convection is optimized by applying the entransy dissipation extremum principle and constructal theory, while the optimal spacing between the adjacent tubes and the optimal diameter of each tube are obtained based on entransy dissipation rate minimization. The results of this work show that the optimal constructs based on entransy dissipation rate minimization and maximum temperature difference minimization, respectively, are clearly different. For the former, the porosity of the volume of channels allocated to the heat generating volume is 1/2; while for the latter, the larger the porosity is, the better the performance will be. The optimal construct of the former greatly decreases the mean thermal resistance and improves the global heat transfer performance of the system compared with the optimal construct of the latter. This is identical to the essential requirement of the entransy dissipation extremum principle that the required heat transfer temperature difference is minimal with the same heat transfer rate (the given amount of heat generated in the heat generating volume) based on the entransy dissipation extremum principle. | XIAO QingHua CHEN LinGen SUN FengRui | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，27： | 12 |
| 16 | Constructal optimization of cylindrical heat sources with forced convection based on entransy dissipation rate minimization显示文摘Based on constructal theory and entransy theory,the optimal designs of constant-and variable-cross-sectional cylindrical heat sources are carried out by taking dimensionless equivalent resistance minimization as optimization objective.The effects of the cylindrical height,the cylindrical shape and the ratio of thermal conductivity of the fin to that of the heat source are analyzed.The results show that when the volume of the heat source is fixed,there exists an optimal ratio of the center-to-centre distance of the fin and the heat source to the cylinder radius which leads to the minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance.With the increase in the height of the cylindrical heat source and the ratio of thermal conductivity,the minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance decreases gradually.For the heat source model with inverted variable-cross-sectional cylinder,there exist an optimal ratio of the center-to-centre distance of the fin and the heat source to the cylinder radius and an optimal radius ratio of the smaller and bigger circles of the cylindrical fin which lead to a double minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance.Therefore,the heat transfer performance of the cylindrical heat source is improved by adopting the cylindrical model with variable-cross-section.The optimal constructs of the cylindrical heat source based on the minimizations of dimensionless maximum thermal resistance and dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance are different.When the thermal security is ensured,the optimal construct of the cylindrical heat source based on minimum equivalent thermal resistance can provide a new alternative scheme for the practical design of heat source.The results obtained herein enrich the work of constructal theory and entransy theory in the optimal design field of the heat sources,and they can provide some guidelines for the designs of practical heat source systems. | GONG ShuWen CHEN LinGen XIE ZhiHui FENG HuiJun SUN FengRui | 2016 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2016，59，4： | 12 |
| 17 | H形对流传热脉管的熵产率最小构形优化显示文摘针对H形对流传热脉管,以脉管区域面积和通道总表面积为约束,在线热流密度恒定时,基于熵产生最小化进行了构形优化,给出了无量纲总熵产量和无量纲单位传热负荷的总熵产率与脉管组合级数、无量纲质量流量和无量纲泵功率的完整解析关系式及优化算例。结果表明:给定通道总表面积与文献中给定通道总体积约束的优化结果是不同的;无量纲单位传热负荷的总熵产率随组合级数增大而减小,脉管综合性能得到改善,且增加脉管组合级数以改善脉管性能存在阈值;流阻最小化的优化结果为结果特例。 | 谢志辉 陈林根 孙丰瑞 | 2011 | 热科学与技术2011，10，3： | 8 |
| 18 | Constructal entransy dissipation rate minimization of a rectangular body with nonuniform heat generation显示文摘Based on construtal theory, a nonuniform heat generation problem in a rectangular body is investigated in this paper. Entransy dissipation rate(EDR) is taken as the optimization objective. The optimal body shapes with constant and variable widths of the high conductivity channel(HCC) are derived. For the rectangular first order assembly(RFOA) with constant cross-section HCC, the shape of the RFOA and width ratio of the HCCs are optimized, and the double minimum EDR is obtained. The heat transfer performance of the RFOA becomes worse when the nonuniform coefficient increases. For the RFOA with variable cross-section HCC, the EDR of the RFOA can be minimized for four times. Compared the optimal construct based on minimum EDR of the RFOA with that based on minimum maximum temperature difference, the shape of the former optimal construct is tubbier, and the average temperature difference is lower. In the practical design of electronic devices, when the thermal safety is ensured, the constructal design scheme of the former optimal construct can be adopted to improve the global heat transfer performance of an electronic device. | FENG HuiJun CHEN LinGen XIE ZhiHui SUN FengRui | 2016 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2016，59，9： | 7 |
| 19 | Analyses of thermodynamic performance for the endoreversible Otto cycle with the concepts of entropy generation and entransy显示文摘In this paper,power the the and endoreversible the Otto cycle is analyzed with the entropy generation minimization objectives,and the the entransy theory.of The output power,the heat-work conversion efficiency are taken as the optimization rate,and relationships the output heat-work conversion efficiency,entransy the entropy generation and the entropy generation rate numbers,the work entransy are loss rate,The entransy loss of coefficient,the dissipation rate the entransy variation associated with discussed.applicability entropy the entropy generation minimization and the entransy theory while to the analyses is also analyzed.It is found do that smaller generation rate does not always lead to larger output our power,smaller entropy entransy generation loss numbers and not always lead to larger heat-work conversion efficiency,either.larger the In calculations,power,both larger larger rate larger entransy variation heat-work rate associated with work correspond also to that output while entransy is loss coefficient suitable results the in larger conversion developed efficiency.It is found concept of entransy dissipation not always for analyses because it was for heat transfer. | WU YanQiu | 2017 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2017，60，5： | 7 |
| 20 | 扩散传质定律等温结晶过程积耗散最小化显示文摘对一类给定结晶量下的等温结晶过程进行研究,考虑传质过程服从扩散传质定律[g∝Δ(c)],应用最优控制理论导出结晶过程积耗散最小时浓度最优构型,给出数值算例,并与熵产生最小、浓度一定和质流率一定的传质策略进行比较。结果表明,结晶过程积耗散最小时净结晶量的2/3次幂随时间呈线性规律变化,过程的积耗散率为常数,与等积耗散原则相一致,与以熵产生最小为目标的优化结果是显著不同的;浓度一定的传质策略下积耗散要小于质流率一定的传质策略下积耗散;积耗散最小和熵产生最小两种传质策略下的积耗散和熵产均小于其他两类传质策略下的积耗散和熵产。熵产生表征的是能量转化过程的不可逆性,质量积耗散表征的是质量传递过程的不可逆性,由于结晶过程不涉及能量转化,因此优化原则应为积耗散最小。 | 夏少军 陈林根 孙丰瑞 | 2013 | 机械工程学报2013，49，24： | 7 |
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